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Febra la
la pacientul
pacientul
imunodeprimat
imunodeprimat
Obiectivele cursului
Sistemele de aparare imuna
Abordare generala
– Prezentare clinica
– Diagnostic
– Tratament empiric
– Criterii de internare
Manthey - Immunocompromised
– Diabet Zaharat
– Siclemie
– Tratament cu steroizi
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Aparare imuna
Bariere fizice
– Integritatea tegumentului
– Integritatea mucoaselor
– Transport mucociliar
– Mediul acid
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Aparare imuna
Limfocite
– Limfocite B
IgG, IgA, etc.
– Limfocite T
Helper si Supresor
– Celule Natural Killer
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Aparare imuna
Fagocite
-Circulante
Macrofage, Monocite, Eozinofile
Fixe
Celule Kupffer , celule alveolare tip II
Sistemul reticuloendotelial
Splina ficat
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Aparare imuna
Factori circulanti
– Cascada complementului
– Interferon
– Opsonine
– Lizozim
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Abordare generala
Prezentare clinica
Diagnostic
Tratament empiric
Critere de internare
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Prezentare clinica
Prejudecati
Evolutie rapida
Raspuns imun deficitar
Sindrom septic
Exacerbarea unui diabet zaharat
coexistent
Gradul imunodepresiei
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Diagnostic
Hemoleucograma pentru diagnostic
diferential
Hemoculturi
Uroculturi
Rx toracic
Rx sinusuri craniene
CT / Punctia lombara
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Localizare Pulmonara
Agenti patogeni:
– Strep. pneumonia, Staph. aureus,
Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
Tratament:
– B-lactamaze anti-pseudomonas si
aminoglicozide
Legionella - Eritromicina
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Sange
Agenti infectiosi
– Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis,
Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Candida
Tratament:
– B-lactamaze anti- pseudomonas si
aminoglicozide
– Vancomicina si Aztreonam
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Cai urinare
Agenti patogeni:
– Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Candida
Tratament:
– Aminoglicozide
– Ceftazidime
Enterococi - Ampicilina
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Criterii de internare
– Granulocitopenie
– Splenectomie
– Semne neurologice
singur
– Stare septica
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Criterii de externare
– Antibiotice orale
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Sindromul de
imunodeficienta dobandita
Defecte imune
Diagnostic
Numararea fractiei CD4
Infectii comune specifice
Manifestari specifice de organ
Criterii de internare
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Defecte Imune
Limfocite T4 helper si supresor
Macrofage
Monocite
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Metode diagnostice
Hemoculturi pentru fungi
Serologie pentru Toxoplasma
Antigen anti- Criptococ
Materii fecale pentr oua si paraziti
Acid fast stain
CD4
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Pneumocystis carinii
Cea mai frecventa infectie cu
oportunisti
Tuse neproductiva
Infiltrate difuze
Hipoxemia
Trimetoprim - Sulfamethoxazole
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Toxoplasmoza
Cea mai frecventa cauza de
encefalita focala
Cefalee ,deficite neurologice
localizate si alterarea statusului
mental
Leziuni circumscrise la CT
Sulfadiazine si Pyrimethamine
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Mycobacterium avium-
intracelulara
Afecteaza 50% din pacientii cu
SIDA
Scadere in greutate , anorexie,
diaree, slabiciune generalizata
Reactia acida in scaun
Nu necesita tratament de obicei
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Cytomegalovirus
Cea mai frecventa cauza de
corioretinita
Tulburari de vedere
Dureri oculare,diaree
Se asociaza cu infectii cu
Pneumocystis carini
Culturi pentru virusi
Nu necesita tratament de obicei
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuse persistenta ,transpiratii
nocturne ,scadere in greutate
Bacterii acidofile in cultura din
sputa
Tratamentul variaza in functie de
zona si rezistenta la soc
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Simptome pulmonare
Pneumocystis Carinii
Tuberculoza
Cytomegalovirus
Strep. pneumonia
Sarcom Kaposi
Limfom primar
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Simptome neurologice
Toxoplasma
Cryptococcosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Sarcom Kaposi
Limfom
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Criterii de internare
Febra fara sursa
CD4 < 100/ml
Simptome ale SNC
Hipoxemia
Incapacitate de a se ingrijii singuri
Esecul tratamentului in ambulator
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Cancer / Chimioterapie
Deficite imune
Numarare de neutrofile
Infectii de sistemtem
Criterii de internare
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Deficite imune
Granulocitopenia
Imunitatea mediata celular
Factori umorali
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Numararea neutrofilelor in
valoare absoluta
Numar de leucocite x procentul de
neutrofile
Neutropenie < 500 neutrofile
…..
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Infectii pulmonare
Agenti patogeni:
Strep. pneumonia, Staph. aureus,
Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Aspergillus,
Pneumocistis carinii
Tratament:
– B-lactamine anti-pseudomonas si
aminoglicozide
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Infectii sangvine
Agenti infectiosi:
– Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis,
Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Candida
Tratament:
– B-lactamine anti-pseudomonas
– Vancomycin si Aztreonam
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Infectii urinare
Agenti patogeni:
– Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Candida
Tratament:
– Aminoglicozide
– Ceftazidima
Manthey - Immunocompromised
aminoglicozide
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Tratamentul pacientului in
ambulator
Neutrofile > 1,000
Sursa de infectie minora
Urmarirea atenta impreuna cu
oncologul
Antibiotice orale
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Criterii de internare
Neutropenie
Aspect septic
Sursa majora de infectie
Urmarire dificila sau complianta
scazuta la tratament
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Diabet zaharat
Deficite imune
Infectii specifice
Tratament general
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Deficite imune
Bariere fizice
Hipoperfuzia
Disfunctie granulocitara
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Infectii specifice
Otita externa maligna
Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis
Colecistita emfizematoasa
Fasciita necrozanta
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Rhinocerabral
Mucormycosis
Prezentare: febra, cefalee ,durere
faciala ,necroza de palat
Microorganisme: Fungii
Complicatii: Meningite, Tromboza
de sinus cavernos
Tratament: Toaleta chirurgicala si
Amfotericina B
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Colecistita Emfizematoasa
Presentare: durere in hipocondrul
drept, greata si varsaturi, crepitati
Diagnostic: gaze in peretele vezicei
biliare
Microorganisme: Clostridii si gram
negativi
Tratament: interventie chirurgicala
si acoperire cu antibiotici
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Fasciita necrozanta
Prezentare: piele cu aspect normal
anestezie la nivelul tegumentelor,
stare toxica
Diagnostic: aer in tesuturi, necroza
Microorganisme: Polimicrobiene
Tratament: toaleta chirurgicala,
antibiotice cu spectru larg, camera
hiperbara
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Generalitati
Unele microorganisme: evolutie
grava
Hiperglicemie
Tratament agresiv
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Siclemie
Deficite imune
Infectii specifice
Evaluare si Tratament
Criterii de internare
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Deficite Imune
Asplenia
Factori Umorali
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Infectii specifice
Microorganisme incapsulate:
– Strep. pneumonia, Hemophilus
influenza, Salmonella
Osteomielita cu Salmonella
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Evaluare si Tratament
Crize dureroase
Numar reticulocite
Antibiotice:
– Rocefin 75 mg/kg
– Cefuroxime 50 mg/kg
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Criteri de internare
< 12 luni
stare septica
febra > 103 Fahreinheit
Left shift
urmarire si complianta dificila
fara sursa evidentiabila de infectie
infectie grava
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Utilizare de steroizi
Defecte imune
Evaluare
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Defecte imune
Functie granulocitara deficitara
raspuns inflamator deficitar
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Evaluare
Semne de infectie diminuate
Examen abdominal nerelevant
demarginalizare
fii precaut
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Recapitulare
Cateva elemente ale apararii
Prejudecatii asupra imunodepresiei
Evolutie rapida
Nivelul ridicat de suspiciune
Manthey - Immunocompromised
Recapitulare
CT si punctie lombara
Agentii patogenii si tratamentul
Criterii de internare