energization of goal-orientated behavior. Motivation is said to be intrinsic or extrinsic . Conceptually, motivation should not be confused with either volition or optimism. Motivation is related to, but distinct from, emotion. Motivation concept Intrinsic Motivation Extrinsic Motivation MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES The incentive theory of motivation Drive-reduction theories Cognitive dissonance theory Need theories Broad theories Cognitive theories Need Theories Need hierarchy theory Herzberg's two-factor theory Alderfer's ERG theory Self-determination theory Cognitive theories Goal-setting theory Expectancy theory Human Relations Contributors Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y