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I P N E 7 1OF
F I N A L REPORT

I, industrial and scientific uses for nuclear explosives

TOMlC E N E R G Y COMMISSION / PLOWSHARE PROGRAM

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SITE
964

P R O J E C T

VEGAS SULKY
Scientific Photography

R. BROWER / D. WILSON

E d g e r t o n , G e r m e s h a u s e n & G r i e r , Inc.

ISSUED: November 2 1 , 1966

 DISCLAIMER

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an

agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States
Government nor any agency Thereof, nor any of their employees,
makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal
liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or
usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process
disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately
owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product,
process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or
otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement,
recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any
agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein
do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States
Government or any agency thereof.
 DISCLAIMER

Portions of this document may be illegible in

electronic image products. Images are produced
from the best available original document.
 P N E - 710F
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NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS PEACEFUL
APPLICATIONS -
(TID 4500)

PROJECT SULKY

SCIENTIFIC PHOTOGRAPHY

R. B r o w e r
D. Wilson

EG((6;
Las Vegas, Nevada

August 25, 1965

 ABSTRACT
Sulky, a Plowshare experiment, w a s detonated 1135 hours,
18 December 1964, on Buckboard Mesa, Nevada Test Site, The
Sulky explosive was a 90 ton nuclear device buried to a depth of 90
feet in basalt.
6

-. - EG&G-was-responsfble f o r nt if ic photography de%?gned-t o

Y - z L
J
-me-asuxe&) ground surface motions, (2) base ge growth, and
pP’
1
I
-
.
+p;. ’ # ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~
‘u,
J.3) cloud evoiution.iFF I 1 - ,,fl. I
I I* 6..
7
/
yr: The Su:@y>technical photographic instrumentation s y s t e m s
performed as programmed. Mission objectives were met; data were
obtained from which quantitative m e a s u r e of surface motion, base
s u r g e and cloud phenomena could be made.

c‘

-2-
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT . . 2
1.0 INTRODUCTION . . 5
2.0 PROCEDURE. . 6

. 2. 1 Station Location and Description . . 6

2 . 2 Surface Motion Photography . . 9
2. 3 Base Surge and Cloud Photography. .13
3.0 ANALYSIS OF PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND RESULTS . 14
3. 1 System P e r f o r m a n c e and Description of Shot Records . 14
3. 2 Analysis of Surface Motion Data . . 19
3. 3 Analysis of Base Surge P h a s e . . 35
3. 4 Analysis of Sulky Cloud Evolution . . 38
4.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . 45
APPENDIX A PHOTOPLANS . . 47
APPENDIX B COMPUTER PLOTS AqND PRINTOUTS . 55
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Sulky Ground Station Coordinates . . 7
Descriptions of Sulky Photographic Records . . . 22
S u l k y Shot R e c o r d s A n a l y z e d by EG&G for Surface Motion. . 29
Vertical Displacement Velocities of Sulky Flares at 1 8 0
Milliseconds . . 31
Sulky Cloud Volumes With Time . . 43

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1 r
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure
1 EG&G Photo Station Layout ( P r o j e c t Sulky) . . 8

2 Typical EG&G Photo Station Mounted i n the Back of T r u c k . 10

3 Target A r r a y . . 11

4a Half Target A r r a y Viewed F r o m Station 2 at Z e r o Time . 16

4b Full Target A r r a y Viewed F r o m Station 1 at 350 m s e c . . 17
5 Sulky Cloud at P l u s 3 Minutes F r o m Station 6 . . 18
6 Mann Optical Comparator . 20

7 Position of Central Flare vs Time . 32

8 Sulky Doming Contours Station No. 1 . . 33
9 Sulky Doming Contours Station No. 2 . , 34
10 Sulky Base Surge Height . . 36

11 Sulky C r o s s Wind Base Surge Diameter . 37

12 A e r i a l V i e w of Sulky Base Surge . . 39
13 Peak and Average Sulky Cloud Height . . 40
14 Aerial View of Sulky Cloud . . 41
15 Sulky Cloud Volume v s Time . . 42
16 Sulky Cloud Sector With Time . 44
1. 0 INTRODUCTION
P r o j e c t Sulky was a low-yield nuclear c r a t e r i n g experiment in
the Plowshare P r o g r a m . The experiment was designed t o obtain data
on the effects of a nuclear explosion in hard, dry rock at a scaled
depth of b u r s t g r e a t e r than that which would produce a c r a t e r of maximum
size.
Sulky was fired December 18, 1964 at 1135 Pacific Standard Time
(1935 Greenwich Mean Time). The yield, based on chemical analysis
of d e b r i s , was 87 f10 tons. The explosive w a s emplaced in basalt r o c k
at a depth of 27. 4 m e t e r s ( 9 0 ft. ) i n a 0. 9 2 m e t e r (36 in. ) diameter,
uncased drillhole (U 18 d ) on Buckboard Mesa, A r e a 18, of the Nevada
T e s t Site. Elevation at the surface z e r o pad was 1624 m e t e r s (5329 ft. )
above MSL. Geographic position of surface z e r o w a s :
Nevada Coordinates: N 849,239 ft.
E 594,541 ft.
Geodetic Coordinates: 37' 0 4 ' 57. 7640" N
116' 2 0 ' 33. 2075" W
The shot produced a mound of broken rock at the ground surface
with an average radius at the outer ejecta boundary of 26. 2 m e t e r s
(86 f t . ). A shallow depression in the c e n t e r of the mound had an average
r a d i u s of 9. 8 meters (32 f t . ) and is about 1. 5 meters ( 5 f t . ) deep. The
maximum lip height above the original ground level is 7 . 0 m e t e r s ( 2 3 ft. ).
Edgerton, Germeshausen & G r i e r , Inc. (EG&G) had responsibility
f o r the scientific photography mission within the Physical Effects
Program. The objective of this m i s s i o n w a s to provide quantitative
m e a s u r e of (1) ground s u r f a c e motion phenomena, ( 2 ) base s u r g e growth,
and ( 3 ) cloud evolution using photographic techniques.

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 To provide this information, EG&G instrumented one aerial and
s i x ground stations. This report describes the instrumentation s y s t e m ,
@
operational methods, photographic r e c o r d s , analysis procedures and
the data results. Conclusions as to the s u c c e s s a n d / o r failure of the
mission a r e given along with recommendation f o r improvement of
s i m i l a r photographic s y s t e m s on any future event.
2.0 PROCEDURE
2.1 -
Station Location and Description
Lawrence Radiation Laboratories (LRL) Plowshare personnel
supplied the following predicted results t o s e r v e a s design c r i t e r i a f o r the
photographic instrumentation systems:
1. Surface Motion
-
Fields of view t o cover t a r g e t a r r a y s , including fiducials ( > 300 feet)
2. Base Surge
-
Height 750 f l O O feet
R adiu s 950 * 100 feet
3. Cloud
--
Sector 315Oto 345O
Wind Velocity 15 knots maximum
Duration of Coverage 2 0 minutes
The locations of the ground stations in relation to the Sulky
surface z e r o site a r e depicted in F i g u r e 1. Table 1 l i s t s the coordinates
of these stations a s supplied by Holmes & N a r v e r (H&N) Survey. The
locations of Station 1 & 2 w e r e chosen as the most suitable sites from
which to observe e a r l y stages of shot evolution (i. e . , surface motion,
base s u r g e growth). These stations, at the edges of the m e s a , afforded
an unobstructed view of the z e r o site from approximately normal lines
of sight; the locations w e r e outside the estimated limits of the base s u r g e
and the debris throwout. Stations 3, 4, 5 and 6 were located on high
ground overlooking the m e s a , in a roughly orthogonal a r r a y , at distances ,

varying between 4 and 6 miles.

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 TABLE 1
SULKY GROUND STATION COORDINATES
(Supplied by H&N Survey)
SULKY GZ STATION No. 4

. N 849239.07 N 856502.97
E 615524. 68
E 594540.73
El. 5328.93 El. 5520'
STATION No. 1 Brg. N 70' 54' 21'' E
.L
e,-

N 851442. 81 Hor. Dist. 22, 213. 40'

E 595831.50 Slant Range 22,214. 22'
El. 5360' STATIONNO. 5
Brg. N 30' 21' 30'' E N 820231.15
.I,
-4-

Hor. Dist. 2, 554. 82' E 607615. 67

STATION No. 2 El. 5090'
N 850105. 42 Brg. S 24' 15' 46" E
0.
et-

E 591751.33 Hor. Dist. 31,829. 55'

El. 5300' Slant Range 31,830. 45'
Brg. N 72' 44' 45" W STATION No. 6
4
,
1-

Hor. Dist. 2,921. 86' N 858615.06

STATION No. 3 E 569486.59
N 876729.21 El. 5800'

E 593541. 69 Brg. N 69' 2 8 ' 58" W

4,
'8.

El. 5940' Hor. Dist. 26,760. 40'

Brg. N 02' 04' 53'' W Slant Range 26,760. 82'
.0-.L

Hor. Dist. 27,517. 89'

Slant Range 27,524. 66'

.
I
-1-

4 Includes correction for e a r t h ' s curvature.

/1

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 STATION NO. 6
2 4 , 0 4 0 FT.

3 N N0.3
L f, la4 FT.

\\BASE SURGE DIA. 9 0 0 F T

STATION NO. 5
37,200 FT.

STATION NO. 4
2 2 , 2 0 4 FT.

FIG. 1. EG&G PHOTO STATION L A Y O U T (PROJECT SULKY)

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 In addition t o a s s i g n e d c a m e r a s , e a c h ground s t a t i o n contained
its own power supply s y s t e m , mounting a p p a r a t u s , c a m e r a c o n t r o l unit
and m a r k e r d i s t r i b u t i o n units i n t r a n s p o r t a i n e r s or mounted i n the
b a c k of v e h i c l e s . A t y p i c a l s t a t i o n is shown i n F i g u r e 2 . A l l of the
Sulky ground photostations w e r e o p e r a t e d r e m o t e l y on the s h o t run.
The a e r i a l photostation w a s contained i n an H-19 h e l i c o p t e r which
f l e w a clockwise p a t t e r n about s u r f a c e z e r o maintaining an a p p r o x i m a t e
s l a n t r a n g e d i s t a n c e of 5000 feet. An EG&G technician manned t h i s
s t a t i o n t o o p e r a t e and c o n t r o l c a m e r a equipment. Photo plans listing
t h e c a m e r a s a s s i g n e d t o e a c h s t a t i o n and t h e i r o p e r a t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
a r e included as Appendix A.
2. 2 Surface
- Motion Photography
The m i s s i o n of t h e i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n located a t Stations 1 and 2
w a s p r i m a r i l y t o r e s o l v e t h e d i s p l a c e m e n t of s u r f a c e motion t a r g e t s as
functions of t i m e . T h e t a r g e t s c o n s i s t e d of a 4 foot by 4 foot p i e c e
of plywood on which a c r o s s w a s painted. Immediately below e a c h
plywood t a r g e t w a s placed a 500,000 c a n d l e - p o w e r m a g n e s i u m f l a r e .
T h e s e high i n t e n s i t y f l a r e t a r g e t s w e r e r e q u i r e d t o produce c o n t r a s t i v e
i m a g e s which could be analyzed on the LRL p r o g r a m m a b l e f i l m r e a d i n g
facility.
The t a r g e t s w e r e l a i d out in two a r r a y s ; one n o r m a l t o t h e
l i n e - o f - s i g h t f r o m Station 1; and one n o r m a l t o the l i n e - o f - s i g h t f r o m
Station 2 . Only 6 t a r g e t s , t h e m o s t c e n t r a l one without a f l a r e , w e r e
viewed f r o m Station 2. T h i s "half a r r a y " w a s n e c e s s a r y s o t h a t t h e r e
would b e no i n t e r f e r e n c e with o b s e r v a t i o n of t h e f u l l t a r g e t a r r a y
(11 t a r g e t s ) f r o m Station 1. T h e s e a r r a y s a r e p i c t u r e d i n F i g u r e 3. The
t a r g e t s placed a t 150 f e e t f r o m G Z w e r e intended as r e f e r e n c e or
fiducial m a r k e r s ; they w e r e placed far enough f r o m G Z t o be unaffected
by t h e doming and y e t be within the c a m e r a field-of-view.

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 Station 1 contained four high-speed 16 m m c a m e r a s , two
Photosonics and two E a s t m a n , operating at 1000 f r a m e s / s e c . The
p r o g r a m m e d t i m e coverage called f o r e a c h of the c a m e r a s t o be
s t a r t e d at -1. 5 seconds by a signal f r o m EG&G Timing & Firing. The
Photosonics had 200-foot film loads and w e r e expected to run t o + 6
seconds; the E a s t m a n s had 100-foot loads and w e r e t o r u n t o + 3 seconds.
Two of t h e s e c a m e r a s , one Photosonics and one E a s t m a n , w e r e intended
f o r use on the L R L "eyeball" film r e a d e r and w e r e , t h e r e f o r e , stopped
down t o where only a faint outline of the horizon w a s visible, s o that the
burning f l a r e s could be readily indentified.
Two medium speed c a m e r a s , a 35 mm Mitchell and a 16 m m
Milliken, operating at s p e e d s of 100 and 400 f r a m e s / s e c . and one 7 0 m m
Hulcher c a m e r a operated at 20 p i c t u r e s / s e c w e r e employed t o provide
backup and documentation. T h e s e t h r e e c a m e r a s w e r e actuated by the
minus 5 second timing signal. The Hulcher had a 100-foot load and
r a n t o plus 15 seconds; the Mitchell with a 400-foot load r a n t o plus
1 minute; and the Milliken with a 400-foot load t o plus 40 seconds.
A t Station 2 , two Photosonics and two E a s t m a n high-speed
c a m e r a s w e r e again used. Backup was provided by a 35 m m Mitchell
operating at 100 f r a m e s / s e c . T h e s e c a m e r a s w e r e operated under
conditions similar t o those described f o r t h e i r counter p a r t s at
Station 1.
A l l c a m e r a s f r o m Stations 1 and 2 w e r e equipped with 200 c p s
m a r k e r units t o provide a timing b a s e on the film. F u r t h e r details
of the c a m e r a operation (including l e n s , s h u t t e r , etc. description)
c a n be found in Appendix A , Sulky Photo P l a n s .

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2. 3 -
Base Surge and Cloud Photography
Cloud and base surge data was to be collected by c a m e r a s at
Stations 3, 4, 5, 6 and the aerial Station 7. The following basic inform-
ation was sought:
a) Maximum c r o s s wind base surge diameter and height.
b) Maximum cloud height a s a function of time.
C) Cloud volume a s a function of time to plus 2 0 minutes.
d) Sector into which cloud moved a s a function of time.
Cloud coverage from the ground stations was primarily instru-
mented with the 7 0 mm EG&G Cloud 70 camera. The locations of the
stations ( s e e Figure 1) and the duration of coverage desired (up to 20
minutes) required that large fields of view ( o n the o r d e r of 2-1/2 by
3-1/2 miles) be provided. In addition, the c a m e r a s from each station
had t o be aimed s o a s t o provide overlapping coverage along the
expected downwind movement of the cloud (up to 17 miles). The number
of Cloud 70 c a m e r a s available for the Sulky event was limited and it
was, therefore, necessary to include one 35 m m Mitchell at each
station to provide the late time coverage. A 70 mm Hulcher c a m e r a
was included in the instrumentation of Station 6 f o r documentary reasons.
Shutters of the Cloud and Hulcher c a m e r a s were pulse operated
by tone r e c e i v e r s e t s which monitored radio signals distributed by the
EG&G timing and firing system. These c a m e r a s were programmed
t o s t a r t on the minus 6 second timing signal and operate at a r a t e of
30 pictures p e r minute to plus 3 minutes at which time the signal
was changed to provide 6 pictures p e r minute. Coverage w a s desired
to plus 20 minutes. The Mitchell c a m e r a s were started at minus 5
seconds and were operated at 1 2 - 1 / 2 f r a m e s / s e c with 1000 foot loads
to provide the 20 minutes of coverage. A 1 2 - 1 / 2 cps m a r k e r unit
w a s used to provide a time base f o r these cameras.

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 A 35 mm Mitchell was installed in Station 7 (helicopter). The
station was manned with a photo technician to aim and control the
camera. Again, the c a m e r a was programmed for a coverage of twenty
minutes starting at approximately minus 5 seconds. Initially, it was
desired that the helicopter maintain an upwind position at a slant range
distance of approximately 1 mile. The movement of many a i r c r a f t into
Area 18 following the Sulky shot required a change in the flight mission
of this aircraft such that the helicopter flew in a circular path clock-
wise about the z e r o site. Thus, constant aiming adjustments had to
be made.
3.0 ANALYSIS O F PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND RESULTS
3.1 System Performance and Description of Shot Records
The relative remoteness of Stations 3 thru 6 created some
difficulties in their installation and maintenance. There was, however ,
no interference with Project Sulky schedules. EG&G participated on
the majority of the scheduled dry runs. Film was run in all c a m e r a s
and the films checked f o r coverage, exposure, focus, etc.
D r y runs were made with a couple of f l a r e s installed i n each
of the target a r r a y s . The visual plywood targets could be seen on these
d r y run films. The only equipment abnormality noted during the dry
r u n s was at Station 5 where timing & firing signals for c a m e r a opera-
tion were received intermittently. An attempt was made to c o r r e c t
this trouble by installing new, higher gain antennas for pickup of the
radio signal. The station operated successfully on subsequent dry
runs and it was felt that the trouble had been corrected.

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 P o s t - s h o t evaluation of the scientific photography m i s s i o n
h a s disclosed the fol.lowing s y s t e m failures:
1) A faulty tone r e c e i v e r resulted in the complete l o s s of data
f r o m Station 5.
2) C a m e r a C1-70, Number 7 , Station 3 operated in an i n t e r -
mittent fashion.
The r e m a i n d e r of the equipment functioned a s programmed.

T h e r e w e r e a number of f a c t o r s which hampered interpretation

and analysis of the Sulky photographic r e c o r d s . First, determination
of s u r f a c e motion w a s made difficult by the considerable amount of
smoke generated by the f l a r e s which, because of the wind direction,
blew d i r e c t l y a c r o s s the t a r g e t s . This situation is illustrated in
F i g u r e 4, which shows views of the two t a r g e t a r r a y s f r o m Stations
1 and 2. The magnesium f l a r e s w e r e ignited at minus 5 seconds and
the plywood t a r g e t s w e r e obscured p r i o r t o z e r o time. Displacement-
v s - t i m e data was obtained using the oft t i m e s poorly defined f l a r e
images.
Much of the phenomena observed on Sulky bore little r e s e m b -
lance to p r e - s h o t e s t i m a t e s . The base s u r g e dimensions w e r e a
factor of 4 t o 10 lower than predicted. The cloud turned out to be
e x t r e m e l y s m a l l and dissipated within a v e r y s h o r t t i m e ( - 5 minutes).
F i g u r e 5 is a view of the Sulky cloud at plus 3 minutes f r o m Station 6
looking E a s t . The 7 0 m m f r a m e is magnified 3 . 1 t i m e s ; the i n s e r t
showing cloud detail is magnified an additional 3. 4 t i m e s .
The o v e r c a s t weather conditions under which Sulky w a s fired
g r e a t l y reduced c o n t r a s t on the photographic r e c o r d s . The variable
and relative low density of the Sulky cloud m a k e s definition of cloud

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 A
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I
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 e x t r e m i t i e s difficult. Significant differences have been noted between
simultaneous (in t i m e ) m e a s u r e m e n t s of cloud c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s f r o m
r e c o r d s taken at different stations. T h e r e is no definition of cloud
outline on the 70 m m r e c o r d s a f t e r the cloud rises above the skyline.
A s the helicopter f l e w its clockwise p a t t e r n about the Sulky
z e r o point, it passed into and over a cloud at an approximate position
southwest of ground z e r o ( - 1. 4 minutes) and all detail w a s obscured
until the helicopter e m e r g e d at a position north-northwest of ground
z e r o ( - 2. 2 minutes).
It w a s subjectively decided, in consultation with Robert Rohrer,
L R L Plowshare Group, that, f o r the purposes of data reduction, the
Sulky shot evolution could be described by the following phases:
Doming P h a s e 0 t o 450 milliseconds
B a s e Surge P h a s e Approximately 4 to 1 9 seconds
Cloud P h a s e 0. 5 t o 5 minutes
Qualitative descriptions of the contents of the Sulky photographic
r e c o r d s relative t o these phases a r e contained in Table 2.
3. 2 Analysis of Surface Motion Data
F o u r 1 6 m m r e c o r d s f r o m Stations 1 and 2 w e r e analyzed f o r
t a r g e t s u r f a c e motion data. Rectangular coordinates, representative

of the position of each f l a r e , within selected f r a m e s f r o m the r e c o r d s

.
I,
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w e r e read on the Mann c o m p a r a t o r s ( F i g u r e 6). The output data

w a s reduced t o displacement-vs-time information using a specially
11
prepared program, Boom", on the CDC 1604 computer. Results
w e r e presented in the form of graphic and tabulated data. Table 3 is

:I:The Mann C o m p a r a t o r h a s a resolution of f 2 m i c r o n s on both

the horizontal and v e r t i c a l axis. The EG&G machines a r e equipped
with "data logger" units which encode X and Y s c r e w positions and
provide outputs to drive IBM c a r d punches.

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 k
0
U
a
E0
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 a tabulation of the r e c o r d s analyzed f o r surface motion data. Since
these data showed good correlation with one another and with r e s u l t s
obtained by Robert Terhune, LRL, on the "eyeball" film reader,
additional r e c o r d s w e r e not read.

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 TABLE 2
DESCFUPTIONS OF SULKY PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDS
Planned Actual
Emulsion Speed Planned Speed Actual
Station Camera Type Number (FR/SEC) Coverage (FR/SEC) Coverage
1 PS 3 82531 1000 -1.5 sec.
+ 6 sec.

Comments :
F l a r e contrast good. Flashbulb target marking z e r o time easily
detected on film. Flares 2 and 3 a r e consistently d i m m e r than other.
Throw out obscured central f l a r e s at plus 140 frames. A l l f l a r e s ob-
scured at plus 300 frames.

Planned Actual
Emulsion Speed Planned Speed Actual
Station C a m e r a Type Number (FR/SEC) Coverage (FR/SEC) Coverage
1 PS 4 82532 1000 -1.5 sec. 932 -1. 1 sec.
+ 6 sec. +5. 4 sec.

Comments:
Contrast and focus good. Plywood s u r f a c e motion t a r g e t s obscured
by smoke. Definition of f l a r e s hampered at times by smoke blowing a c r o s s
array. Total F r a m e s - 6360

Planned Actual
Emulsion Speed Planned Speed Actual
Station C a m e r a Type Number (FR/SEC) Coverage (FR/SEC) Coverage
1 E-20 82534 1000 -1.5 sec.
+ 3 sec.
1080 -.58 sec.
+2.96 sec.
Comments :
Contrast and focus good. Time m a r k e r s good. Zero flashbulb
timing reference easily detected. F l a r e s at times obscured by smoke
blowing a c r o s s array. Total F r a m e s - 3825

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 Planned Actual
Emulsion Speed Planned Speed Actual
Station Camera Type Number (FR/SEC) Coverage (FR/SEC) Coverage
1 M-23 82535 100 - 5 sec. 96.38 -3.59 sec.
+ l min. + 3 5 . 3 sec.
Comments:
Contrast, focus and time m a r k e r s a r e good. Record contains
surface motion (flares) and early base surge data. Total F r a m e s - 3402

P1anne d Actual
Emu1sion Speed Planned Speed Actual
Station Camera Type Number (FR/SEC) Coverage (FR/SEC) Coverage
1 H-70 82536 20 - 5 sec. - 3 . 6 sec.
+15 sec. +17.5 sec.
Comments :
Focus and contrast good. F l a r e s obsecured by smoke very quickly.
Throw-out has obscured most flares by +10 frames.

Planned Actual
Emulsion Speed Planned Speed Actual
Station Camera Type Number (FR/SEC) Coverage (FR/SEC) Coverage
1 M-142 82537 400 - 5 Bec. 182 - 3 . 6 sec.
+40 sec. +44.9 sec.
Comments :
Contrast and focus good. Time m a r k e r s good. Total F r a m e s 8180

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 P1anned Actual
Q
Emulsion Speed Planned Speed Actual
Station C a m e r a Type Number (FR/SEC) Coverage -
( F R /SEC) Cove rage
2 PS-1 82538 1000 -1. 5 sec.
+ 6 sec.
Comments :
Zerd f r a m e easily detected. Flare contrast good. Wooden surface
motion targets not visible. First f l a r e on right somewhat obscured.
+255 frs. - f l a r e s a r e quickly disappearing.

Planned Actual
Emulsion Speed Planned Speed Actual
Station C a m e r a Type Number (FR/SEC) Coverage (FR/SEC) Coverage
2 Ps-2 82539 1000 -1.5 sec. 992 -.97 sec.
+ 6 sec. +7.7 sec.

Comments :
Contrast and focus good. Time m a r k e r s good. Z e r o flashbulb
a r r a y easily detected. Target definition (only f l a r e s can be seen) hampered
by smoke. Total Frames - 7640

Planned Actual
Emulsion Speed Planned Speed Actual
Station Camera Type Number (FR/SEC) Coverage (FR/SEC) Coverage
2 E-11 82541 1000 -1.5 sec.
+ 3 sec.
1046 -.5 sec.
+3. 4 sec.
C omment s :
Contrast and focus good. Time m a r k e r s good. Flashbulbs marking
z e r o time easily detected. F l a r e definition hampered by smoke.
Total F r a m e s - 3600

-24-
 Planned Actual
Emulsion Speed Planned Speed Actual
Station Camera Type Number (FR/SEC) Coverage (FR/SEC) Coverage
2 M-29 82542 100 - 5 sec. 86. 5 -3. 5 sec.
+ 1 min. +69.7 sec.
Comments:
Contrast, focus and time m a r k e r s a r e good. Record contains surface
motion and base surge information. Total F r a m e s - 6032

Planned Actual
Emulsion Speed Planned Speed Actual
/
Station Camera Type Number (FR/SEC) Coverage (FR/SEC) Coverage
3 CL-70-7 82544 1/2-1/10 - 6 sec. 1/2-1/10 - 6 sec.
+20 min. + 2 0 min.
Comments:
Contrast good, focus good, cloud image small in large field of
view. Lost f r a m e s (47) occurred in random fashion throughout record.
Timing clock operated, frame counter did not. Total F r a m e s - 195

Planned Actual
Emulsion Speed Planned Speed Actual
Station Camera Type Number (FR/SEC) Coverage (FR/SEC) Coverage
3 CL-70-1 82543 1/2-1/10 - 6 sec. 1/2-1/10 - 6 sec.
+20 min. +19.00
Comments:
Film contrast good, focus good. Cloud dispersed before it came
into field of view. Second frame was exposed on first, no other double
exposures o r lost frames. Clock working, counter working. Total F r a m e s - 189

-25-
 Planned Actual
Emulsion Speed Planned Speed Actual
Station C a m e r a Type Number ( F R /SEC) Coverage ( F R / SEC) Cove rage
3 M-15 82545 12-1/2 -5 sec.
+ 2 0 min.
Comments:
C a m e r a aimed t o provide downwind cloud coverage at late times,
Sulky cloud had dissipated t o such an extent that i t could not be seen before
reaching c a m e r a ' s field of view.

Planned Actual
Emulsion Speed Planned Speed Actual
Station C a m e r a Type Number ( F R /SEC) Coverage (FR/SEC) Coverage
4 CL-70-6 82546 1/2-1/10 - 6 sec. - 6 sec.
+20 min. +20 min.
Comments:
F i l m contrast and focus good. Cloud image s m a l l i n l a r g e field
of view. F r a m e s overlap slightly. Clock and f r a m e counter operated.
Total F r a m e s - 197
Planned Actual
Emulsion Speed P1anned Speed Actual
Station C a m e r a Type Number (FR/SEC) Coverage (FR/SEC) Coverage
4 CL-70-3 82547 1/2-1/10 - 6 sec. 1/2-1/10 - 6 sec.
+20 min +20 min.
Comments:
Focus and contrast good. F r a m e counter operated, clock did not.
197 total f r a m e s . C a m e r a aimed downwind; no detectable image of Sulky
cloud recorded on this record.

-26-
 Planned Actual
Emulsion Speed Planned Speed Actual
Station C a m e r a Type Number (FR/SEC) Coverage (FR/SEC) Coverage
4 M-12 82548 12-1/2 - 5 sec.
+ 2 0 min.
Comments:
C a m e r a aimed downwind t o provide cloud coverage at late times.
No detectable image recorded.

STATION 5
Did not o p e r a t e - no d a t a obtained

P1anne d Ac tu a1
Emulsion Speed P1anne d Speed Actual
Station Camera Q p e Number (FRISEC) Coverage (FR/SEC) Coverage
6 CL-70-8 a2551 1/2-1110 - 6 sec. - 2 sec.
+20 min. +20 min.
Comments:
F o c u s good, c o n t r a s t good. Cloud w a s well d i s p e r s e d by frame 100.
..-"Clock didn't start until frame 59 but worked f r o m t h e r e t o end of film. Cloud
v e r y s m a l l in l a r g e field of view. Counter did not work. Total F r a m e s - 196

P1anne d Actual
Emulsion Speed Planned Speed Actual
Station C a m e r a Type Number (FR/SEC) Coverage (FR/SEC) Coverage
6 CL-70-5 82552 ' 112-1/10 -6 sec. 1/2-1/10 - 6 sec.
+20 min. + 2 0 min.
Comments :
C o n t r a s t good, focus good. Counter and clock working. Cloud not
visible i n c a m e r a field of view. Total Frames - 196

-27-
 Planned Actual
Emulsion Speed P1anne d Speed Actual
Station Camera Type Number (FR/SEC) Coverage (FR/SEC) Coverage
6 M-32 82553 12-112 - 5 sec.
+20 min.
Comments :
Camera aimed downwind to provide late cloud coverage. No cloud
image recorded.

P1anne d Actual
Emulsion Speed Planned Speed Actual
Station Camera Type Number
-- (FR/SEC) Cove rage (FR/SEC) Coverage
6 H- 6 82554 112-1/ l o - 6 sec. 1/ 2 - 1 / 1 0 215 f r a m e s
+ 2 0 min.
Comments:
Focus good, contrast fair.

Planned Actual
Emu1sion Speed Planned Speed Ac tu a1
Station Camera Type Number (FR /SEC) Cove rage (FR/SEC) Coverage
7 M-8 82555 12-1/2 - 5 sec. 16. 4 -2. 9 sec.
+20 min. +8. 68 min
still running
at this point
but record-
ing only sky
Comments :
Focus and contrast fair. Target a r e a obscured by clouds from
85 to 135 sec. Time m a r k e r s a r e good. Total F r a m e s - 8592

-2a-
 TABLE 3

SULKY SHOT RECORDS ANALYZED BY EG&G FOR SURFACE MOTION

(TARGET DISPLACEMENT-VS-TIME) DATA
Station Camera Emulsion Nominal Lens Field of View
No. Speed (horizontal-vertical)
1 Milliken 2 82537 400 p p s 75 mm 108 m e t e r s 78 m e t e r s
1 Photosonics 4 82532 1000 pps 7 6 mm 125 meters 91 meters
2 Eastman 11 82541 1000 pps 63 m m 149 m e t e r s 105 m e t e r s
2 Photosonics 2 82539 1000 pps 7 6 mm 103 meters 87 m e t e r s
F r a m e s were oriented on the c o m p a r a t o r by aligning the
c r o s s - h a i r s of the c o m p a r a t o r ' s microscopic eyepiece on the film
perforations. F l a r e s were a r b i t r a r i l y numbered consecutively from
right to left (shown previously in Figure 4). The X and Y coordinates
of all visible f l a r e s within the f r a m e were then recorded along with
the coordinates of the fiducial f l a r e s . The fiducial f l a r e s w e r e used
t o establish a common reference between different f r a m e s . Flare
displacement measurements i n microns were converted to physical
distances using the relation:
D = -
k R d
f ola
D = actual distance i n feet o r m e t e r s
k = conversion factor
f '= focal length of lens i n m i l l i m e t e r s

Ro/a = object range along optical axis

d = m e a s u r e d film distance i n m i c r o n s
Since the c a m e r a s of Stations 1 and 2 w e r e aimed directly at the t a r g e t s ,
range along the optical axis coincided with horizontal object distances
listed in Table 1. Timing data w a s obtained by determining the time
interval (between f r a m e s and multiplying this by the f r a m e count). In o r d e r to

-29-
perform this computation it was necessary to measure (from the film)
the distance between common points on successive frames and the
distance between the timing marks. Three s e t s of from four to six
measurements were taken at roughly 100-millisecond intervals and
then averaged. Differential variation in camera speed due to partition
of the film load between the camera reels was ignored. Resulting time
fluctuations a r e estimated to be l e s s than * 2 msec. This is not considered
serious, since, with a conversion factor of from 25 to 30 film microns
p e r actual foot and a flare image on the order of 100 microns, the
loss of precision in position determination would tend to mask any
timing e r r o r of this magnitude.
A s the doming p r o g r e s s e d , some flares became partially
( o r totally) obscured by dust and debris a s evidenced by the decrease
in flare image size at times. Resolution was not good enough to deter-
mine how much o r what part of the flare was obscured and the probable
e r r o r was, therefore, at times increased. It is estimated that the
e r r o r in position is not greater than f 1. 5 feet for any single displace-
ment observation. Figure 7 is a plot of the displacement at the
central flare as a function of time a s taken from camera P. S. 4, perforation
82532, Station 1. Composites of the flare displacement data showing
doming contours at different times have been prepared and a r e presented
f o r the two target a r r a y s in Figures 8 (targets viewed from Station 1)
and 9 (targets viewed f r o m Station 2). Slope of the vertical displacement-
vs-time data was measured at approximately 180 msec for each of the
f l a r e s and is presented in Table 4. Computer listings of displacement-
vs-time data and plots for each of the flares and the records described
in Table 3 a r e contained in Appendix B.

-30-
 TABLE 4
V E R T I C A L D I S P L A C E M E N T V E L O C I T I E S O F SULKY F L A R E S A T
180 MILLISECONDS

STATION 1 STATION 2
Flare No. Velocity Flare No. Velocity
(m/sec) (m/sec)

1 5. 72 5. 50
2 8. 47 9. 6 3
3 14. 6 4 11. 79
4 19. 91 13. 36
5 20.59 19. 65
6 26.09
7 23. 80
8 14.42
9 10. 07
10 7 . 32
11 5. 72

-31-
 e

e
e
e
e

e
e

FIG.7 POSITION OF
CENTRAL FLARE
V S - TIME

I I I I
-33-
 E
c
iz
I"-
J
d
I
0
3

8
O Y

-t;
W
W
0
z
F
2
P
- 34-
3. 3 Analysis Of Base Surge Phase
Base surge growth data was taken from two films: base surge
height from Milliken 2, Station 1; (Perforation 82537) and c r o s s wind
base surge diameter from Mitchell 8, Station 7 (Perforation 82555).
Milliken 2 is a 16 mm c a m e r a assigned primarily to collect doming
information. Mitchell 8 was a 35 mm c a m e r a operated from the
helicopter to collect base surge and cloud data.
The optical axis of the Milliken c a m e r a was aimed slightly
to the left of G Z . Thus, a significant portion of the base surge was
visible. F r o m this record, average base surge heights were read
on the comparator and the data manually reduced. Data samples were
taken at 400-frame intervals ( 2 . 2 3 seconds) and plotted a s height in
feet-vs-time (Figure 10).
The "guesstimated" e r r o r i n the base surge height measurements
is f 5 feet, The wind blowing at an angle of - 45
0
with respect to
the optical axis of the Milliken may have had some effect on base
surge height data at late times (16 to 19 seconds). Measurements were
taken from the record of Cloud C a m e r a Number 6, Station 4 ( P e r f o r a -
tion 82546) a s a backup for Milliken 2. Due to the very s m a l l image
s i z e s , these observations a r e subject to large relative e r r o r s and,
within the limits of e r r o r , support the data shown in Figure 10.
C r o s s wind base surge diameter data was obtained using
8 inch x 10 inch enlargements of the Mitchell record from the helicopter.
Since the object distance from the moving aircraft varied constantly,
magnification factors were established for each print by scaling
between readily identifiable Buckboard Mesa features (principally the
c i r c u l a r road pattern about Sulky G Z ) . This data is plotted a s distance
(feet)-vs-time in Figure 11. Small image size (the ratio of image to

-35-
-36-
44 A A

A
.I30

42
-
v)
a
w
k
Y
A

:
I-
40 A

. 120
A

38 A

36 110
A A

341 A

100

32( FIG. I I
SULKY CROSS WIND BASE
SURGE DIAMETER

5 10 15 20 25 30
TIME (SECONDS)
-37-
horizontal f r a m e s i z e f r o m Mitchell 8 is about . 04) and relatively
poor c o n t r a s t g r e a t l y affect the a c c u r a c y of these d a t a (Fig. 12).
P r o b a b l e e r r o r is estimated at - 15 feet. N o c o r r e l a t i o n of t h e s e
d a t a with Cloud 70 c a m e r a s at Station 3 w a s possible.
3. 4 Analysis of Sulky Cloud Evolution
Data descriptive of cloud growth and movement w e r e obtained
p r i m a r i l y f r o m the r e c o r d s of Mitchell 8, Station 7 and Cloud 6,
Station 4. The small image s i z e s , poor film c o n t r a s t , and low density
of the cloud made definition of the cloud outline e x t r e m e l y difficult.
Shown in F i g u r e 1 3 is the average and peak cloud heights as
functions of time. T h e s e d a t a w e r e obtained f r o m Station 4, Cloud
6 ( P e r f o r a t i o n 82546). N o definition of the cloud height w a s possible
after the cloud r o s e above the skyline. C u r v e s have been extrapolated
t o 5 minutes.
R e c o r d s f r o m Stations 4 and 7 w e r e used t o provide informa-
tion on cloud dimensions f o r the cloud volume calculations. Due t o
the p r o b l e m s outlined above, t h e s e m e a s u r e m e n t s are, at b e s t ,
approximate. Average heights, widths, and lengths w e r e determined
and the volume estimated by computing the volume of a rectangular
solid with t h e s e dimensions. Simultaneous m e a s u r e m e n t s f r o m the
two stations could only be obtained to about 3 minutes. Figure 1 4
shows an a e r i a l view of Sulky cloud taken f r o m helicopter at edge
of overhanging n a t u r a l cloud. F i g u r e 1 5 is a plot of Sulky cloud
volume as a function of time. The dashed portion of the curve is
an extrapolation of the e a r l y curve. T h e s e data a r e a l s o tabulated
i n Table 5. Accuracy is estimated t o be within a f a c t o r of two.

- 38-
- 39-
 /
/
/ /E f,",T /
A-OUESTIONABLE/

t--AVER AGE HEIGHT

FIG. 13' PEAK AND AVERAGE

SULKY CLOUD HEIGHT

T I M E (MINUTES)
I I
I 2 3 4 5 6

-40-
Fig. 1 4 Aerial View of Sulky Cloud
 /
/
/
/
/
/
-
/
/
/
v) /
-[L
W /
-I-
w /
I
-0
rn

- w
-
3
0

f
-I
0
>
- n
2
0
J
V

-
-
-
-
-
-

-
FIG. 15 SULKY CLOUD
VOLUME - V S - T I M E
-

TIME (MINUTES)
1 I
0 I 2 3 4 5 6 7

-42-
 TABLE 5
Sulky Cloud Volumes With Time
Volume
Time (Min) Cubic feet Stere
7 6
1.0 3. 6 x 1 0 1.0 x 10
7 6
1. 33 9 . 5 x 10 2.7 x 10
8 6
1. 67 2 . 3 x 10 6.5 x 1 0
8 7
2. 0 4.6 x 1 0 1 . 3 x 10
8 7
2. 33 7 . 9 x 10 2.2 x 10
9 7
2. 67 1 . 0 x 10 2.8 x 1 0
9 7
3. 0 1.5 x 10 4. 2 x 1 0
9 8
4. 0 data 3.7 x 1 0 1.0 x 10
9 8
5. 0 extrapolated 6 . 8 ~ 1 0 1 . 9 x 10
The s e c t o r of cloud movement w a s determined f r o m the Station
7 record. Due to the clockwise motion of the helicopter and the oblique-
n e s s of the optical axis with r e s p e c t to the ground, the cloud appeared
(on the film) t o be l a r g e r and f a r t h e r away than was actually the case.
The s e c t o r of cloud movement is illustrated i n F i g u r e 1 6 ,
An attempt h a s been made t o c o r r e c t f o r the position of the a i r c r a f t .
The o b l i q u e angle b e t w e e n the line of sight a n d the ground w a s deter-
11
mined using m a j o r and m i n o r axes of the elliptical" image of the
c i r c u l a r roads surrounding Sulky G Z . Cloud position and maximum
dimensions at v a r i o u s times are shown on the plot with the m a j o r
axis indicating the computed cloud bearing. E s t i m a t e d e r r o r in
cloud dimensions is k10% and in bearing f 5
0
. The prevailing wind
direction at Sulky z e r o t i m e w a s reported by the U. S. Weather Bureau
as north at 7 t o 1 2 mph. E f f o r t s made to c o r r e l a t e data presented in
F i g u r e 1 5 with m e a s u r e m e n t s taken f r o m the film a f t e r the helicopter
had e m e r g e d f r o m the cloud t o the North and East of the shot s i t e
were fruitless.

I -43-
 SULKY CLOUD SECTOR
WITH TIME

- 44-
 4.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Basic ally, the Sulky technic a1 photographic instrument ation
systems performed as programmed. The failure of Station 5 was
the only major exception. The consequence of this loss was mini-
mized by the fact that the Sulky cloud was significantly s m a l l e r than
anticipated and dissipated within 5 minutes.
Mission objectives were met; data were obtained from which
quantitative measure of surface motion, base surge and cloud
phenomena could be made. Uncertainties ( e r r o r s ) in these data
a r e large. Test results have indicated a number of ways in which
the accuracy 01photographic data on future experiments might be
improved.
F i r s t , within existing regulations governing nuclear explosions,
further experiments a r e likely to be of the Sulky type. That is, the
depth of burial w i l l probably be in excess of that required to produce
a maximum c r a t e r . It is recognized that, at present, it is difficult
to predict some of the shot phenomena to within an o r d e r of magnitude.
The significantly l e s s than optimum images of Sulky base surge 'and
cloud phenomena from the ground photo-stations well illustrate this
problem. Now, since the precision obtainable from analysis of
photographic records is a function of image size, it is recommended
that instrumentation systems provide a g r e a t e r dynamic coverage of
hard-to-predict phenomena by using backup c a m e r a s with different
fields-of-view at each station. In the event that equipment is limited
(as was the case in Sulky), it would be preferrable to reduce the
number of ground stations before abandoning the concept of duplicate
coverage with two ( o r m o r e ) c a m e r a s having different magnification
ratios.

-45-
 Q

t a r g e t s unnecessary. F l a r e images can be detected and read out on

manual comparators as readily as they are on the programmable
film r e a d e r .
Views of cloud phenomena from aerial photo-stations can
add greatly to determination of cloud location and volume as a function
of time. Ideally, one would l i k e t o have the a i r c r a f t as directly
I above the cloud a s possible in a stationary position. This station
should have c a m e r a s with comparatively long and s h o r t focal length
l e n s e s t o s e c u r e e a r l y and late time coverage. It is n e c e s s a r y t o
the analysis of aerial r e c o r d s that t h e r e be identifiable fiducial
t a r g e t s o r prominent land features with which t o establish orientation
(the c i r c u l a r roads surrounding Sulky G Z and features of Buckboard
M e s a were quite adequate for t h i s purpose).

-46-
 APPENDIX A
PHOTO P L A N S
I
!
I
I
!

I
I
I
~

-47-
DISTANCE GZ 2555 N 851442.81 849 239.07 6Z 12/18/64

QISTANCE 08JEC?2-.
E 595 831.50
z 5 360
594 540.73
5 328.93
ow

motion
82533

82534 I]

Ii I. Film Legend: Fx= Kodak Panatonic X; LSB = Kodak Linograph Shellburst -

I
f u n d .
I
I I
STATtON NQ. 3 EVENT SULKY
PHOTO PLAN
STATION TYPE GZ STA.
S Y A M GZ MA. TILT
DISTANCE GZ 27.517. 89 -N Auu39aL GZ D A ~12 118164

DISTANCE OBJECT 27,524.66

E 593 541.69
5 940
594 540.73
5 328.93
ow POSTED

I. F i l m Legend: F x = Kodak Panatonic X

2. A l l cameras aimed so that lower 15% of f r a m e contains foreground.
3. Cloud 7 0 Cameras pulse operated I picture every 2 sec., f r o m -6 s e c .
to+3 min; I picture every 10 s e c . from +3 min. : to + 2 0 min.
3 T A m NO. 4 SULKY
o ~ ~ npym
m Transportainer
HOT0 PLAN
GZ STA u 18 d
S T A M GZ MFF. TILT
BIsB- 6z 223213.40 N 856 502.97 849 239.07 GZ 12/18/64
e 615 524.68 5 9 4 540.73 081 WSTED
DISTANCE OBJECT 223214.22 z 5 520 5 328.93

R€MARRS I. F i l m Legend: Fx = Kodak Panatonic X

2 . A l l cameras aimed s o that lower 15% of frame contains f o r e g r o u n d .
3 . Cloud 70 c a m e r a s p u l s e o p e r a t e d 1 p i c t u r e e v e r y 2 sec. f r o m - 6 sac.
to + 3 min.; I p i c t u r e e v e r y I O s e c . f r o m + 3 min. t o + 2 0 m i n
 ITATION NO. 5 SULKY
PHOTO PLAN
STATION TYPE 4 x 4 GZ LTA. U 18 d
STAT" OZ DIFF. Ilk?
~1st- GZ 31,829. 5 5 N 8 2 0 231.15 849 239.07 GZ D A ~1 2 / 1 8 / 6 4
E 607 594 540.73 olgsd po4vED
DISTANCE OWEC? 31.830.45 5 090 5 328.93

I. Film Legend: Fx = Kodak Panotonic X

2. All cameras aimed so that the lower 15% o f f r a m e contains forearound.
3. Cloud 70 camera p u l s e operated I picture every 2 sec. f r o m -6 sec. t o
+ 3 min.; I picture every IO sec. f r o m + 3 min to + 2 0 min.

-
,--
I I
 ~7 SULKY

GZ STA. u 18 d
TILT
OZ DATE 1 2 / 1 8 / 6 4
8Bd ,POSTED

I
Ln
W
I

REMARKS 1- Film L e g e n d * Fx = Kodak Panatonic X

2 A l l cameras aimed so t h a t t h e lower 15% of f r a m e contains foreground.
3. Cloud 7 0 cameras and Hulcher Pulse o m r a t e d I p i c t u r e every 2 sec from .
- 6 scc. t o + 3 min.; I picture every I O sec. f r o m + 3 min. to + 2 0 min.

I
I. Film Legend Fx = Kodak Panatonic X
2. S t a t i o n m a n u a l l y operated. Camera aimed so t h a t cloud would be in
center of frame.
 APPENDIX B
Appendix B c o n s i s t s of c o m p u t e r plots and printouts of flare
position v s time f o r the following c a m e r a s :
Camera Station P e r f o r a t i o n No.
Mil 2 1 82537
PS 4 1 82532
PS 2 2 82539
E 11 2 82541
The c o m p u t e r plots show the u n c o r r e c t e d v e r t i c a l d i s p l a c e -
m e n t i n meters v s time for the duration of the doming phase.
C o m p u t e r printouts list the v e r t i c a l f l a r e both horizontal and v e r t i c a l
d i s p l a c e m e n t s of the flares.

-55-
 SULRY DOMING S T A._
TIT~N- i CAMERA PS4

FLARE X PUSJTlON
kWW3fP HtTERS FEET

3 ... ..
. .-
- rm6
1 6 8
2 0 0
3 0 -- -6-
4 U 6
9 0 0
6 0 -0
7 0 0
0 0 e
P 0 D'
10 0 0
11 0 0

i h*ZO a 57
2 6,64 a 71
3 6.54 1.31
4
3
6
5.57
5,?7
5-77
.
a

i.Bi
03
67

7 5,?3 la75
8 4,48 84
9 4.49 1.98
10 4.UY 1.21
11 3,SS 1.34

PRAME NUMBER 20 TINE

1 e 64
2 e50
3 94
4 # 0 3

5 1,ll
6 l # O l
7 1.31
8 a 60
0 1.14
10 l a 5 1
11 ;,24

1 # 34

2
3
4
.
-60

0 .
74
07

-56-

- -
Q SULKY DOMING C A M E ~ ~ APS4 17 H A R , 1965
FLARE X DISPLACEMENT V D 1 SPLACED4E)tT
HlJHBER
s
4
FEE7
07
59
.
7 1.55
8 8 34
9 8 97
10 884
11 l e i 8

1
2
3
30
- a
13
1.28
.
4 ,27
9 67
6 8 74
7
a ..
I c34
47
9
10
11 1 05.25
e09
33*10
17.21
.
* 81
54
50

1 .I7
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-58-
 SUlKY DOH I N G STAT I U N 1 CAMERA PS4 1 7 MAR, 1965

FLARE X POSITION Y POSItXOM Y DISPLACEHtNT Y D 1 SPLACEHENT

NMRER HET€RS FEET METENS
10
11

1
2
3
4
5
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-59-
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FLARE
NUFIBER
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FLARE x POSITION X DiSPLACEMfMf 'r DISPLACEMENT
NUHEER F&hT WETERS FSFT
2 4 , R3
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14
9
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 STATI~N 1

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FLARE X POSITION Y POSJTlOM Y DISPLACEMENT
hUbl0ER FEET METERS
2 0 97 2.83
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-84-
 SULKY bO#lNG STATION 2 CAMERA PS2 5 FfB,, 1965
FLARE X POSITION V pO9ItlON X DISPLACEkfNT V DISPLACEMENT
'LUMBER
5
METERS
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FEET
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METERS FtEf METERS
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TIME 69.47

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Y DISPLACEMENT
FEET HtTfRS
2 2.38
3 3.65
4 2.42
5 -ARE WOf VISIBLE

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S

1 2.00
2 1e27
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5

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2 1.84 9a7b
3 4.46 13.99
4 2.88 10.41
S

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3 4.51
4 2.54
5

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3 4.73
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5 -5e38

f 2e65
 FLARE Y DISPLACEMENT
NUMBER FEET METERS FEET METERS PEET
2 15 9 4 e 44 2e11 3.21 10153
3 18.49 1.62 5.30 4.35
4 23,oo e91 3.00 6.01
5 32 a 2 2 -3.74 - 1 2 @26 8.75

1 13 a 6 1 e 69 2.27 2.60
'2 16.n4 42 1.69 9.36
3 i9e65 1.51 4.96 4,64
4 23.30 i.02 3.34 6.10
3 33.49 -3.14 - i n . 30 gel4

T I N E 426.75

1 13.43 0 70 2,31 2.48

2 15.73 e 35 1.15 3.27
' 3 19 a 46 1.71 5e61 4.58
4 23 a 23 1.02 3.34 6908
3 32.49 -3.58 '11 e 7 6 8.83

13.70 a 78 2.57 2,57

3.33
.
~ 5 ~ 9 2 e 60 1.96
19.42 1.61, 5.26 4.57
23 84 87 2e84 8.27
34.10 -2.38 -8,45 9.32

T I M E 446.59

2.61 2.45
1.42 3e3O
5.73 4,46
3.04 6.15
'11 a 6 1 9.43
030 -1 I ii a 1 -0

.
96.000006
I 1713 388631
~18~.oOUOOo
,P92432

-91-
6
A
I
L
7 0
d
 PROJECT SULKY

T e c h n i c a l Reports

Report Number Agency Subject o r T i t l e

PNE-700F LRL Radiochemical S t u d i e s

PNE-701F LRL T o t a l Cloud A c t i v i t y Measurements

PNE-703F LRL R. F. Gamma. Monitors

PNE-709F LRL Subsurf ace Dynamic S t u d i e s

PNE-71OF' EG8G S c i e n t i f i c Photography

PNE- 7 11F sc Close-In A i r Blast from a

R e l a t i v e l y Deep Low-Yield Nuclear
Detonation i n B a s s a l t

PNE- 713F NCGfLRL Crater Measurements

PNE-719F WES Preshot Geologic I n v e s t i g a t i o n

S a f e t y Reports

Report Number Agency Subject o r T i t l e

PNE-714F USWB Weather and R a d i a t i o n Program

PNE-715F USPHS Off-Site Surveillance

PNE-717F REECo On-Site R a d i o l o g i c a l S a f e t y

PNE- 7 18F FAA F e d e r a l A v i a t i o n Agency A i r Space

Advisory

124
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