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  • Functions of Surfactant: Stabilizes The Alveoli Increases Compliance Prevent Pulmonary Edema

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    1. Surfactant stabilizes the alveoli and increases lung compliance, preventing pulmonary edema. 2. It reduces airway resistance by relaxing bronchial smooth muscles when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. 3. Gas exchange occurs by passive diffusion across the respiratory membrane and down partial pressure gradients between the alveoli and blood during inhalation and exhalation.

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    1. Surfactant stabilizes the alveoli and increases lung compliance, preventing pulmonary edema. 2. It reduces airway resistance by relaxing bronchial smooth muscles when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. 3. Gas exchange occurs by passive diffusion across the respiratory membrane and down partial pressure gradients between the alveoli and blood during inhalation and exhalation.

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    11 views9 pages

    Functions of Surfactant: Stabilizes The Alveoli Increases Compliance Prevent Pulmonary Edema

    Uploaded by

    raj_47879388
    1. Surfactant stabilizes the alveoli and increases lung compliance, preventing pulmonary edema. 2. It reduces airway resistance by relaxing bronchial smooth muscles when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. 3. Gas exchange occurs by passive diffusion across the respiratory membrane and down partial pressure gradients between the alveoli and blood during inhalation and exhalation.

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    of 9

    Functions of Surfactant

    1.Stabilizes the alveoli


    2.Increases Compliance
    3.Prevent pulmonary edema
    Airway Resistance
    • Resistance offered to passage of air
    through respiratory tract

    • Factors determining
    • Radius of airways
    R=8l/r4
    Influencing Airway Resistance
    • Tone of bronchial smooth muscles
    Contraction of bronchial smooth muscles – 
    radii of bronchi -  AWR
    • Parasympathetic stimulation- contraction
    • Sympathetic stimulation- Relaxes (
    adrenergic receptor)
     adrenergic receptor stimulant is given in
    asthmatic people
    Respiratory Membrane
    • Allows diffusion of gases
    • Width : 0.2 to 0.5 microns
    • Layers:
    1. Surfactant Layer
    2. Water Layer
    3. Alveolar epithelial cell layer
    4. Basement membrane of the alveolus
    5. Interstitium
    6. Basement membrane of the RBC
    7. Endothelial cell layer of the RBC
    Gas Exchange
    • Involves simple passive diffusion
    • Occurs down their partial pressure
    gradients
    • Occurs during inspiration & expiration
    • Composition of dry air :
    O2 : 21%
    CO2 : 0.04%
    H2O : 78%
    Other inert gases : 0.92%

    • Atmospheric pressure : 760mmHg

    • Partial pressure of each gas ?


    Partial pressure of each gas at
    sea level
    • PO2 : 0.21 * 760 = 160mmHg
    • PCO2 : 0.0004 * 760 = 0.3mmHg
    • PN2 : 0.79 * 760 = 600mmHg
    • P inert gases : 0.92 * 760 = 564mmHg

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