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BIOLOGY 25 LECTURE
A. Santiago
Lecture Content:
Respiration
• Basic Concepts & Types
• Properties of Gases in Air
– Partial Pressures (Dalton’s Law)
– Atmospheric Pressure
– Alveolar Gas Pressure
• Property of Gases in Liquid (Henry’
• Lung Ventilation & Respiration
• Lung Volumes & Anatomic Dead Sp
• Control of Lung Ventilation
Respiration
• Exchange of gases (O2 & CO2)
• Types
1. External = between environment &
gills/lungs
2. Internal = between blood & tissues
• Goal of the respiratory system
– Acquire O2 and expel CO2
– Accessory functions: defense &
language
Partial Pressure of Gases
• Dalton’s Law
in a mixture of gases, the pressure
exerted by each gas is independent
of the pressure exerted by the
others
Partial Pressure of Gases
• Simply because gas molecules are
far apart
• So….the total pressure of the entire
gas mixture (say, air) is the sum of
all the pressures of each gas
molecule
• That’s why we call the pressure of a
specific gas in air as partial
pressure (denoted as Pwhatevergas)
• It is influenced by temperature &
Atmospheric Pressure
• partial pressures of all gases in the
air
• 760 mmHg at sea level
• varies depending where you are in
the world
• since air is 79% nitrogen & 21%
oxygen, to determine PO2 at sea
level….
0.21 X 760 mmHg = 160 mmHg
• now determine PNitrogen at sea level
Alveolar Gas Pressure
• Normal alveolar PO2 = 105 mmHg;
PCO2 = 40 mmHg
• Why do we not consider the
abundant nitrogen? It’s biologically
inert under normal conditions &
does not undergo exchange in the
alveoli
• Consider the atmospheric PO2 & PCO2
at sea level…specifically PCO2 = 0.3
mmHg then CO2 net movement is
Property of Gases in Liquid
• Henry’s Law
the amount of gas dissolved will be
directly proportional to the partial
pressure of the gas with which the
liquid is in equilibrium
• Example, if the PO2 in air is high
then the amount of O2 molecules
that enter & dissolve in water/ liquid
is also high there is net
movement of O2 into the water
Property of Gases in Liquid
A Volume
Lung
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