PUNCTUATION

1) OPEN PUNCTUATION

2) MIXED PUNCTUATION

3) CLOSED PUNCTUATION
OPEN PUNCTUATION

The modern tendency is to omit unnecessary

commas and full stops, and to use what is
called Open punctuation. In this style, no
commas and full stops are used in any part of
the letter except in the body, in which the
usual punctuation marks are used.
MIXED PUNCTUATION

Another punctuation style is known as Mixed.

In it a comma is put after the date, the house
number (if any), the salutation, and the
complimentary close, and a full stop follows
the last line of the inside address.
CLOSED PUNCTUATION

The third style is called Closed punctuation. It

is the oldest and conventional form of
punctuation. In it the main parts are
punctuated at random pace.
TYPES OF LETTERS
1. Formal Letters- These are written on formal occasions and
for very practical purposes. It is mainly divided into two
categories:

(a) Business Letters-It cover all sorts of business communication

like business correspondence, letters among the
professionals, ordering of goods etc.

(b) Official Letters- It include the correspondence of the

Government departments, public bodies & institutions etc.

2. Informal Letters- These type of letters are also called private

or personal letters. When we are expressing our personal
feelings, emotions or ideas to some intimate friends, relatives,
parents, cousins etc. in words, it is said to be a personal letter.
MEMORANDUM (MEMO)

Within the same company or organization,

routine communication or daily transmission
of information, among different units,
sections, departments is carried through short
informal reports and memoranda (memos).
CHARACTERISTICS OF A MEMO

 There is no prescribed limit with regard to the

length of a memo or a memo report.

 It may vary from a few words to about three

pages.

 The ‘Format’ of a memo is usually like an

unindented form of a business or official
letter.
CHARACTERISTICS (Cont.)

 The writer follows all the conventions of writing a

letter, such as punctuation, capital letter, spacing,
margin, etc., but still, often being informal.

 The date may be put either at the right top or at the

left top.

 Contents are generally indicated under the ‘subject’.