1. How do you define “Malnutrition”?

Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy

and/or nutrients. inadequate vitamins or minerals, overweight, obesity, and resulting diet-related
noncommunicable diseases. The term malnutrition covers 2 broad groups of conditions. One is
‘undernutrition’—which includes stunting (low height for age), wasting (low weight for height),
underweight (low weight for age) and micronutrient deficiencies or insufficiencies (a lack of
important vitamins and minerals). The other is overweight, obesity and diet-related
noncommunicable diseases (such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer).

2. How can children and families that suffer from PEM (Protein Energy Malnutrition) be
helped?

In cases in which the diarrhea is severe, the patient may be kept without oral intake for up
to 24 to 48 hr. Following the first 24 to 48 hr, the patient may be placed on gradually increasing
protein and energy intakes. the dietary intake required for optimum recovery from Malnutrition
is 175 kcal and 2 to 3 g of protein per kilogram daily. The management of malnutrition in adults
requiring hospitalization is divided into three phases, namely the stabilization phase, the
transition phase, and the rehabilitation phase. In the stabilization phase, nutritional therapy
begins with the provision of a formula, namely F75 (100 ml = 75 kcal) which is calculated
according to the daily needs per kilogram of the patient's body weight.

3. What steps have been taken in Indonesia to help mothers with their malnutrished children ?
Include term PKK and balita.

The Indonesian government is addressing the problem of malnutrition with the provision
of PMT (Provision of Supplementary Food) for toddlers and pregnant women, supplemented
blood tablets, socialization of 1000 HPK, socialization of complementary foods, provision of
clean water, and good sanitation hygiene.

4. Name some animal that have high protein content. What animal protein is prevalent in
Indonesia?
Fish, shrimp, crab, eel, chicken meat, duck meat, lamb, beef, and pork.
5. What indigenous food of Indonesia can be used to substitute for milk, meat, and eggs?
Fish, shrimp, crab, eel, soy (Tempe and tofu, soy milk), Mushroom (Oyster mushroom).

6. Explain “Balance Diet”

A balanced diet is one that fulfills all of a person’s nutritional needs. Humans need a
certain amount of calories and nutrients to stay healthy. A balanced diet provides all the nutrients
a person requires, without going over the recommended daily calorie intake includes six main
nutrients, i.e. Fats, Protein, Carbohydrates, Fibre, Vitamins, and Minerals. By eating a balanced
diet, people can get the nutrients and calories they need and avoid eating junk food, or food
without nutritional value. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) used to
recommend following a food pyramid. However, as nutritional science has changed, they now
recommend eating foods from the five groups and building a balanced plate. According to
the USDA’s recommendations, half of a person’s plate should consist of fruits and vegetables.
The other half should be made up of grains and protein.