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1. 2011˛12--˛se _P‰v {]kwKØn\p Imhytim` ]Icm≥
GXm\pw hcnIƒ ‘Zn\m¥’ Øn¬ \n∂v D≤cn°m≥
an
]men®phmKvZm\tasd, sb∂mInepw
ul
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]men°m\p≠n\ntbsd!
]n∂n´pZqcßtfsdsb∂mInepw
]n∂nSm\p≠n\ntbsd!,
A∂hpw hkv{Xhpw ]m¿°m\nShpao
a∂n¬∏nd∂h¿s°√mw ˛
Ht∂ \nbahpw \oXnbptah¿°p˛
sa∂pd∏mIpw htcbpw
t]mhpI [ocambv apt∂m´v˛hmKvZØ˛
`qhntebv°mhs´ bm{X!
1
k¿, 2011˛12˛se _P‰v Rm≥ AhXcn∏n°p∂p.
2. hmKvZm\ßtfsdbpw \ndth‰nb kwXr]vXntbmsSbmWv
Rm\nhnsS \n¬°p∂Xv . kam\XIfn√mØ t\´ßfmWv
kmaqlyt£acwKØv Cu k¿°m¿ ssIhcn®Xv F∂v
hna¿iI¿t]mepw kΩXn°p∂p. kmºØnIcwKØpw Ign™
A©ph¿jØnep≠mb hf¿® HcpImeØpap≠mbn´n√
F∂mWv Fs‚ hmZw. sXmÆqdpIfpsS Ahkm\w Bcw`n®
Im¿jnI XI¿®bpsS sNmcp°pw BtKmfamµyØns‚
kΩ¿±hpap≠mbn´pw tIcfw Ign™ A©ph¿jw GXm≠v 9
iXam\w thKØn¬ hf¿∂p. k¿, Rm≥ Dd∏p ]dbp∂p,
ct≠m aqt∂m h¿jØn\pffn¬ C¥ybn¬ G‰hpw thKØn¬
hfcp∂ kwÿm\ambn tIcfw amdpw.
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4. bmYm-ÿn-XnI [\\b-߃°p ]Icw kwÿm-\Øns‚
t£a hnI-k\ Bh-iy-߃ ASnÿm\am°nbpff kao-]-\-
amWp kzoIcn®Xv. CXns‚ ^eambn 2001˛06 Imebfhn¬
k¿°m¿ sNehv 53 iXam\w am{Xw h¿≤n®t∏mƒ, Cu
k¿°mcns‚ ImeØv 100 iXam\Øntesd h¿≤n®p. AXmbXv,
2005-˛06˛se 19,528 tImSn cq]-bn¬ \n∂vv 2010˛11˛¬ 39,790 tImSn
cq]- b mbn k¿°m¿ sNehv Db¿∂p. aqe[\s®ehns‚
ImcyØnepw C°meØp KpW]camb am‰ap≠mbn. k¿°mcns‚
samØw sNehn¬ 5.65 iXam\ambncp∂ aqe[\s®ehv 12.51
iXam\ambn. Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]\߃°pff hnlnXw
6.6 iXam\Øn¬ \n∂v 8 iXam\ambn. ]≤Xns®ehv 22.0
iXam\Øn¬ \n∂v 25.3 iXam\ambn. hnIk\s®ehv 53
iXam\Øn¬ \n∂v 55 iXam\ambn Db¿∂p.
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iX-am-\a
- mbn XmWp. [\-°Ω - n-bpw KWyambn Xmgv∂p.
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Bbncp∂Xv 2010˛11˛¬ GXm≠v 16,000 tImSn cq]bmbn Dbcpw.
AtXkabw tI{µ- k ¿°m- c ns‚ klmbw kwÿm\
k¿°m-cns‚ samØw dh\yq hcp-am-\Ø
- ns‚ 29.94 iX-am\Øn¬
\n∂v 25.6 iX-am-\ambn C°mebfhn¬ Xmgv∂p.
8. k¿, an® _P‰v AhXcn∏n°m≥ Ignbpsa∂ {]Xo£
{]Ya _P‰v {]kwKØn¬ Rm≥ {]ISn∏n®ncp∂p. F∂m¬
{]Xo£bv ° p hncp≤ambn ]Xnaq∂mw [\ImcyIΩnj≥
tIcfØn\pff tI{µ \nIpXnhnlnXw ho≠pw Ipdbv°pIbmWv
D≠mbXv. tI{µw {]Jym]n® Nc°ptkh\ \nIpXn
k{ºZmbhpw \S∏mbn√. BtKmfamµyw tI{µ˛kwÿm\
k¿°mcpIfpsS kmºØnI \nesb {]XnIqeambn _m[n®p.
tI{µhpw GXm≠v F√m kwÿm\ßfpw IΩnbnembn. Cu
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Ah-km-\n-°p-tºmƒ 78,327 tImSn cq]-bmbn Db-cpw. ]t£,
ISØns‚ samØw XpI t\m°nb√ IS`mcw \n¿Æbn°p∂Xv.
henb kºZv L S\bv ° v IqSpX¬ IS`mcw Xmßm\mhpw.
IS`mcw Aft°≠Xv kwÿm\ B`y¥c hcpam\hpambn
XmcXays∏SpØn thWw. 2000˛01˛¬ 32.9 iXam\ambncp∂
IS`mcw 2005˛06˛¬ 33.6 iXam\ambn Db¿∂p. F∂ment∂m,
2010˛11˛¬ CXv 29.52 iXam\ambn XmWp. Ign™
A©ph¿jØn\nSbn¬ tIcfØns‚ ISw 70 iX-am\w Db¿∂p.
AXn\p apºpff A©ph¿jØntem, 92 iXam\amWv h¿≤\.
Cu k¿°mcns‚ ImeØv ISw s]cp- I p- ∂ - X ns‚ thKX
IpdbpIbmWv sNbvXXv.
10. k¿, ISØns‚ hen∏a√, kwÿm\Øns‚ hmbv]m
]cn[n Npcp°m\pff tI{µk¿°mcns‚ \o°ßfmWv Fs∂
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kmº-ØnI imkv{X⁄\mb ltcmUv tUma¿ cq]w \¬Inb
kq{XhmIysØbmWv kmºØnI hnZKv[¿ ASnÿm\am°p∂Xv.
AXp{]Imcw IS-Øns‚ icm-icn ]en-i- \nc-°ns\-°mƒ Db¿∂-
XmWv kwÿm\ hcp-am-\Ø - ns‚ hf¿®m\nc-s°-¶n¬ ISw A]-
I-S\
- n-eb
- ne√. tIc-fØ
- n¬ k¿°m-¿ ISØns‚ icm-icn ]eni
\nc°v 7.8 ˛ 8.2 iX-am\w hsc-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ kwÿm\ hcp-
am\w 14 ˛ 15 iX- a m\w hsc thK- X - b n- e mWv hf- c p- ∂ - X v .
Npcp-°-Øn¬ IS-s°-Wn-bn-em-sW-∂p-ff ]cn-{`m¥n ]S¿Øn
bmYmÿn-XnI [\-\bw ASn-t®¬∏n-°m-\pff ]cn-{i-a-amWv
\S-°p-∂X - v.
12. k¿, hmbv ] sbSp°m≥ XS w \n¬°p∂ tI{µ
k¿°mcns‚ \ne]mSv kwÿm\hnIk\Øn\p Iq®phneßmbn
amdpIbmWv. 2011˛12˛¬ kwÿm\ hcpam\Øns‚ 3.5 iXam\w
an
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IW°p{]Imcw AXv 2.89 iXam\w am{XamWv. tIcfØnse
{Sjdn tkhnwKv k v _m¶v D]tbmKs∏SpØn h≥tXmXn¬
hmbv]sbSp°p∂p F∂ Btcm]Ww ASnÿm\clnXamsW∂v
Cu hkvXpXIƒ sXfnbn°p∂p. kwÿm\ {Sjdn
tkhnwKvkv _m¶pXs∂ \n¿Øem°Ww F∂mWv
tI{µk¿°mcns‚ Ct∏mgsØ Bhiyw. CXwKoIcn®m¬
kwÿm\Øns‚ ]cnanXamb [\Imcy kzmX{¥yhpw
Ih¿s∂Sp°s∏Spw. XncphnXmwIq¿ C¥y≥ bqWnb\n¬
ebn®t∏mƒ tIcfØn\v HkyØmbn In´nb {Sjdn tkhnwKvkv
_m¶n\pta¬ ssIshbv°m\pff GXp \o°sØbpw
H‰s°´mbn tIcfØnse P\߃ sNdp°pw. I£n
cmjv{SobØn\v AXoXamb ka\zbw C°mcyØn¬
kwÿm\Øp≠mhWw.
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ok
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15. hmbv]b√msX C{Xbpw ]Ww kzcq]n°m≥ am¿Kan√.
tIcfw F{X XymKw kln®v dh\yq IΩn C√mXm°nbmepw
B`y¥chcpam\Øns‚ aq∂p iXam\Øn\∏pdw
hmbv]sbSp°m≥ tI{µk¿°m¿ A\phZn°pIbpan√. tZiob
]mXbpsS ImcyØn¬ tI{µk¿°m¿ ASnt®¬∏n® _nHSn
tamU¬ kwÿm\ ]mXIfpsSbpw Pn√m {KmaoW
tdmUpIfpsSbpw \n¿ΩmWØn¬ ]co£n°m≥ t]mepw ]‰n√.
]ns∂, F¥mWv t]mwhgn?
16. bmYmkvYnXnI [\\bw apdpsI∏nSn°p∂
tI{µk¿°mcns‚ ]nSnhmin adnIS°m≥ Hcp _Z¬
kao]\Øn\p cq]w \¬Intb Xocq. kwÿm\ k¿°m¿
t\cn´√msX k¿°m¿ \nb{¥WØnepff kzX{¥amb
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tIm¿∏tdj\pambncn°pw.
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k{ºZmbw XpSßnb ]cnjvImc߃ ]q¿ÆXbnseØn°Ww.
tIm¨{SmIvS¿am¿°v IpSninIbn√ F∂pffXpw ]pXnsbmcp
A¥co£w krjvSn®n´p≠v. k¿, Cu k¿°m¿ A[nImcØn¬
hcptºmƒ 26 amkambncp∂p IpSninI. Ct∏mƒ Hcp _n√pw
[\hIp∏n¬ IpSninIbn√.
18. c≠matØXv, Hcp ZiIw sIm≠p 40,000 tImSn hcp∂
`oaamb XpI hmbv]sbSp°m\pff s{IUn‰v td‰nwKv AYhm
Itºmf hnizmkw tdmUv ^≠v t_m¿Un\pw tdmUvkv B≥Uv
{_nUvPkv tIm¿∏tdj\pw Dd∏phcpØpIbmWv. CXn\mbn
tamt´m¿ hml\ \nIpXnbpsS BZysØ aq∂v˛BdpamksØ
hcpam\w Fkv{Iq A°u≠mbn Cu c≠p ÿm]\߃°p
\¬Ipw F∂v \nba\n¿ΩmWw hgn Dd∏m°Ww. ]cky\nIpXn,
`qhnIk\ ]cn]mSnIƒ XpSßnb X\Xp hcpam\
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20. k¿, Cu 40,000 tImSn cq]bpsS ka{K tdmUv
]p\cp≤mcW ]≤Xnbntebv ° v 1000 tImSn cq] Rm≥
hIbncpØp∂p. ]eniclnX hmbv]bmbn tdmUvkv B≥Uv
{_nUvPkv tIm¿∏tdj\pw tdmUv ^≠v t_m¿Un\pw Cu XpI
e`yam°pw. CXns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ Xmsg ]dbp∂ 5000
tImSnbn¬∏cw cq]bpsS tdmUp \n¿ΩmW {]hrØnIƒ
2011˛12˛¬ Cu ÿm]\߃ Gs‰Sp°pw.
21. 1920 tImSn cq]bpsS tÉv sslth ]mt°Pv —
320 In.ao ssZ¿Lyw hcp∂ ]Øp tÉv sslthIƒ
]p\cp≤mcWØn\v Gs‰Sp°p∂p.
FkvF®v 2 ˛ sX∑e ˛ aSØd ˛ 28 In.ao.
FkvF®v 3 ˛ s\SpaßmSv ˛ sjm¿ft°mSv ˛ 37.5 In.ao.
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{][m\ Pn√m tdmUpIƒ
Pn√ tdmUns‚ t]cv Zqcw
(1) (2) (3)
1 Imk¿tImSv D∏f ˛ I\ym\ 15.69
2 Ipºf ˛ s_ZnbSp° 16.27
3 tX°n¬ ˛ Bem´n 30
4 IÆq¿ sNm∆ ˛ a´∂q¿ 22.9
5 Xfn∏dºv ˛ Iq¿Kv tdmUv 36.9
6 Xeticn ˛ Ccn°q¿ 31.24
7 sh≈q¿ ˛ ]pfntßmw 34.3
8 knsIFwsI tdmUv 26.78
9 tImgnt°mSv t]cm{º ˛ hSIc 30
10 ssIXs∏mbvIbn¬ ˛ tImSt©cn ˛
XncphºmSn ˛ ap°w 30
11 hSIc ˛ tNe°mSv ˛ Ip‰nbmSn 25
12 _mepticn ˛ Ipdpsºmbn¬ ˛ XebmSv 17.5
13 ]me°mSv Iq‰\mSv ˛ s]m∂m\n 10.3
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23. 1000 tImSn cq]bpsS ss_]mkv ]mt°Pv —ka{K
tdmUp \n¿ΩmW ]≤XnbpsS `mKambn Xmsg ]dbp∂
ss_]mkpIƒ°v A\paXn \¬Ip∂p. Xriq¿ (aÆpØn˛
Aae), Ip∂wIpfw, H‰∏mew, sjm¿Wq¿, Xr∏qWnØpd,
sIm´mc°c, a´∂q¿, sImbnem≠n, A¶amen, FS∏mƒ,
s]cn¥¬aÆ, ssh°w, tIm´bv°¬, Be∏pg (]ffmØpcpØn˛
BcymSv ) , Xncph√ ss_]mkv sIFkv S n]nbpsS `mKambn
\S°psa¶nepw sNß∂q¿ apX¬ G‰pam\q¿ hsc Fwkn
tdmUn\p kam¥cambn Xncph√, Nß\mticn, tIm´bw F∂o
]´Wßsf ss_]mkv sNbvXv ]pXnb tdmUp
\n¿Ωn°p∂XmWv. ko t]m¿´v Fb¿t]m¿´v tdmUv, tdmUvkv
B≥Uv {_nUvPkv tIm¿∏tdj≥ Gs‰SpØp ]q¿ØoIcn°pw.
24. \Kcßfnse KXmKX°pcp°gn°m≥ PwKvj≥
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(iv) 180 tImSn cq]bpsS tImgnt°mSv ]mt°Pv—
Cc™n∏mew, tXm≠bmSv F∂nhnSßfn¬ ^vssf HmhdpIƒ,
Imcm∏dºv, I√pØmwIShv, {^m≥knkv tdmUv, tNhmbq¿, a¶mhvv
F∂o PwKvj\pIfpw an\n ss_]mkv tdmUnse FwF¬F
PwKvj≥ F∂nhbpsS \hoIcWhpw.
(v) 250 tImSn cq]bpsS Xncph\¥]pcw ]mt°Pv —
dnwKv , tdUnb¬ tdmUpIƒ hgn am{Xta Xncph\¥]pcw
\KcØnse KXmKX°pcp°v ]cnlcn°m\mhq. 42 tImSn cq]
sNehp hcp∂ 14 In.ao. ssZ¿Lyapff IpfØq¿ ˛ {ioImcyw ˛
aÆ¥e ˛ t]cq¿°S dnwKv tdmUpw 240 tImSn cq] sNehp
hcp∂ 60 In.ao.sZ¿Lyapff awKe]pcw ˛ t]mØ≥tImSv ˛
IcIpfw ˛t]bmSv ˛ hngn™w F≥F®v ss_]mkv Hu´¿ dnwKv
tdmUpw DS\Sn \n¿ΩmWw Bcw`n°p∂XmWv. 125 tImSn cq]
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Gs‰Sp°pw.
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s]m∂m\n apX¬ FeØq¿ hsc 4 hcn∏mX \n¿Ωn°m≥
tdmUvkv B≥Uv {_nUvPkv tIm¿∏tdjs\ CXn\Iw
NpaXes∏SpØnbn´p≠v.
27. Cu h¿jsØ \o≠ ag°mew ]Xnhn√mØhn[w
tdmUpIfpsS \ne timN\obam°n. XI¿®bpsS Kuchw
IW°nseSpØv tdmUpIƒ ASnb¥ncambn ]pXp°n∏Wnbm≥
_P‰n¬ hIbncpØnbXn\p ]pdsa Xt±i`cW ÿm]\߃°v
346 tImSn cq] A\phZn®p. s]mXpacmaØp hIp∏n\v 700 tImSn
cq]bmWv A[nIambn A\phZn®Xv. F∂m¬ i‡amb agaqew
Unkw_¿ amkØnte \n¿ΩmW{]h¿Ø\w Bcw`n°m≥
Ign™pffq. Cu th\¬°mew Ahkm\n°p∂Xn\p apºv
tdmUp irwJe km[mcW \nebnemIpw F∂p Rm≥ Dd∏p
\¬Ip∂p.
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am¿§\n¿t±iw A\pkcn®v 20 iXam\ambncp∂p ]›mØe
taJebv°pff hnlnXw. CXv 40 iXam\ambn Db¿Øp∂p.
29. Ign™ Ggph¿jØntesdbmbn AZ¿ Unkv{SnIvSv
tdmUp kw_‘n®v s]mXpacmaØv hIp∏pw Xt±ikzbw`cW
ÿm]\ßfpw XΩn¬ X¿°w \ne\n¬°pIbmWv. X∑qew
tdmUpIfpsS A‰Ip‰∏Wn kabmkabw \S°msX t]mbn.
DSaÿmhImiw t\m°msX XI¿∂ tdmUpIƒ ]Wnbp∂Xn\v
]nUªypUnbv°v A\phmZw \¬Inbn´p≠v. ]t£, C∂sØ
Ahyhÿm]camb ÿnXnhntijw Ahkm\n∏nt°≠Xp≠v.
Ct∏mƒ ]nUªypUn Gs‰SpØncn°p∂p F∂p {]Jym]n®
tdmUpIƒ Hcp am\ZWvUhpw ]men°msXbmWv
Xn´s∏SpØnbn´pffXv. ]nUªypUn IrXyamb am\ZWvU߃
{]Jym]n°pIbpw AhbpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ FwUnB¿ B°n
an
hIbncpØnbn´p≠vv.
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tdmUpIƒ : sIm´mc°c ˛ imkvXmwtIm´, NmØ∂q¿ ˛
]dhq¿, ap´Øn∏dºv ˛ A¿Øp¶¬, tN¿Øe ˛ XÆo¿ap°w,
sh¶nSßv ˛ Xriq¿, sNºntemSv ˛ aeºpg I\m¬, tat\m≥
]md ˛ I©nt°mSv, Iqºmd ˛ AIºpg, IpfßØv ˛ KpfnI∏pg,
FSq¿ ˛ c≠mwIShv, apt≠cnb ˛ Ipºf
(iii) tImgnt°mSv ss_]mkv (_nFw B≥Uv _nkn),
]gb∂q¿ en¶v tdmUv, I°S ˛ s]Æp°c, ]ffØv PwKvj≥ ˛
Xmac°pfw F∂o tdmUpIƒ°pw, A°c∏mSw (tIm´bw),
Ba´n°c (]me°mSv ) , sXm≠mfn°Shv (tImgnt°mSv ) ,
ImWt®cn, ]pfn¶p∂v ˛ Imhmew, apt´¬ (Be∏pg), hSt°
s]mbneq¿ (IÆq¿), ]pe°m´pIc (Xriq¿), Iq´pwhmXn¬°¬
IShv (ImbwIpfw) F∂o ]me߃°pw 44 tImSn cq]
s]mXpacmaØp hIp∏n\v hIbncpØp∂p.
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XpS°w Ipdn°pIbmWv . Cu ]›mØeØn¬ i‡amb
KthjW ]n¥pW IqSntb Xocq. CXn\mbn Xncph\¥]pcw
F©n\obdnwKv tImtfPn¬ sSÃv {Sm°v kuIcytØmSp IqSnb
{Sm≥kvt]m¿´v dnk¿®v sk‚¿ Bcw`n°p∂XmWv. CXn\mbn 5
tImSn cq] A\phZn°p∂p. Ct∏mgsØ tIcf sslth dnk¿®v
sk‚¿ {Un°ns‚ IqSn Bÿm\ambn amdpw. Un]nB¿
Xømdm°p∂Xn\p ]pdsa Izmfn‰n I¨t{Smfpw ChcpsS
NpaXebnembncn°pw. Cu ]pXnb kwhn[m\Øn\v 5 tImSn cq]
A\phZn°p∂p. k¿, tIcfØnse tdmUp hnIk\ Ncn{XØn¬
2011˛12se _P‰v Hcp ]pXnb A[ymbw Xpd°pIbmWv.
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Bcw`n®pIgn™p. CXntebv°v 150 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
H∂mwL´w ]q¿ØoIcn°p∂tXmsS c≠mwL´w IqSpX¬
BI¿jIamIpsa∂pw a’cmSnÿm\Øn¬ A\ptbmPy
]¶mfnsb Dd∏m°m≥ Ignbpsa∂pamWv IcpXp∂Xv. hnim¬
F∂ k¿°m¿ Iº\nbmWv Cu L´Ønse {]h¿Ø\߃
Gs‰Sp°p∂Xv. hmbv] e`yam°m\pff I¨tkm¿jyØn\p
cq]w \¬Inbn´p≠v. 14 h¿jw sIm≠mWv hmbv]
Xncn®Sbvt°≠n hcnI.
35. CXn\p ]pdsa a‰p sNdpInS XpdapJßfpsS
{]h¿Ø\hpw apt∂m´p sIm≠pt]mtI≠Xp≠v . X¶ticn
t]m¿´n\v 18 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. Ago°¬ t]m¿´n\v
3000 tImSn cq]bpsS kwbp‡ hnIk\ ]cn]mSnbv ° v
KpPdmØnse ap{Z t]m¿´v k pambn [mcWbnseØnbn´p≠v .
an
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thymabm\w
36. Xncph\¥]pcw Fb¿t]m¿´ns‚ ]pXnb sS¿an\¬
ASpØ Znhkw {][m\a{¥n DZv L mS\w sNøpIbmWv .
tImgnt°mSv Fb¿t]m¿´v hnIk\Øn\mhiyamb `qan k¿°m¿
sNehn¬ Gs‰Sp°m\pff \S]SnIƒ {ZpXKXnbn¬
\S∂phcnIbmWv. CXn\v 25 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. IÆq¿
Fb¿t]m¿´ns‚ H∂mwL´ \n¿ΩmWØn\pff `qan Gs‰SpØp
Ign™p. Iº\n cq]oIcn®v Hmlcn kamlcWw
\S∂psIm≠ncn°pbmWv . c≠ph¿jØn\pffn¬ IÆq¿
hnam\Ømhfw bmYm¿∞yamIpw. A\p_‘ {]h¿Ø\
߃°mbn 10 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
18
sdbn¬th
37. sX°phS°v AXnthK sdbn¬∏mXbv°pff
km[yXm]T\w Zn√n sat{Sm \SØnhcnIbmWv. CXn\mbn 20
tImSn cq] Ah¿°p ssIamdnbn´p≠v. hniZamb Un]nB¿
Xømdm°p∂Xn\v 20 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. 50,000-˛Øntesd
tImSn cq] sNehp hcp∂ Cu ]≤Xnbv ° v DNnXamb
_nkn\kv tamUeneqsS ]Ww Is≠Øm\mhpw
Fs∂\n°pd∏p≠v. sIm®n sat{Sm tI{µ˛kwÿm\
k¿°mcpIfpsS kwbp‡ kwcw`ambn Bcw`n°m\pff
A\paXn tI{µ [\ImcyhIp∏v \¬Inbn´n√. CXp e`n°psa∂
ip`{]Xo£bpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬, sat{Sm ]Wnbptºmƒ
A\nhmcyambn hcp∂ sdbn¬ Hmh¿ {_nUv P pIƒ°pw
an
hyhkmb ]m¿°pIƒ
lo
ul
M
19
hmXI irwJe
40. sIm®nbnse F¬F≥Pn sS¿an\epw _wKeqcp,
awKem]pcw, ImbwIpfw F∂nhnSßfntebv°pff
hmXI ss]∏vsse\pIfpw ÿm]n°s∏´p Ign™m¬
sIFkvsFUnkn˛bpsSbpw sKbnens‚bpw B`napJyØn¬
kwÿm\sØ F√m {][m\s∏´ \Kcßfntebv°pw kπnsa‚dn
hmXI hn\nab irwJe ÿm]n°p∂Xn\v 12 tImSn cq]
\o°nshbv°p∂p.
Pe]mX
41. tZiob Pe]mXIfpsS hnIk\Øn\pw Dƒ\mS≥
PeKXmKXØn\pambn 94 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
IS¬`nØn \n¿ΩmWØn\pff XpIbpw CXnepƒs∏Spw.
an
ar
sshZypXntaJe
ka
ok
20
saKmhm´v ÿm]nXtijnbpff 17 ]pXnb PesshZypX
]≤XnIƒ°p XpS°w Ipdn°m\mbn 10 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØnbn´p≠v. ]pXnb k_vtÃj\pIƒ°mbn 250 tImSn
cq]bpw hIbncpØp∂p. 6800 Intemao‰¿ ]pXnb sse\pIƒ
hen°p∂Xn\pw 5000 {Sm≥kvt^m¿adpIƒ ÿm]n°p∂Xn\pw
5 e£w k¿hokv IW£≥ \¬Ip∂Xn\pambn 229 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØp∂p.
44. k¿, {]Xnamkw 10 cq] \nc°n¬ 1 tImSn D]t`m‡m
°fn¬ \n∂pw CuSm°nhcp∂ ao‰¿ hmSI Hgnhm°p∂p.
CXns‚ ^eambn sshZypXnt_m¿Un\v 120 tImSn cq]bpsS
hcpam\\jvSw D≠mIpw.
an
IV
ar
ka
s]mXptaJebpsS Ncn{Xapt∂‰w
ok
lo
ul
21
s]mXptaJem hyhkmbÿm]\߃ em`Icambn \SØmhp∂
kmlNcyw tIcfØneps≠¶n¬ kzImcy kwcw`I¿°v
F¥psIm≠v Bbn°qSm? CXmWv Cu A\p`hw Db¿Øp∂
tNmZyw.
46. k¿, Ign™ _P‰n¬ 125 tImSn cq]bpsS F´p ]pXnb
hyhkmb t{]mPIvSpIƒ {]Jym]n°pIbp≠mbn. Cu _P‰v k`
]mkm°p∂Xn\p apºv Ch F´pw DZv L mS\w sNøs∏Spw.
kam\XIfn√mØ Cu t\´w ssIhcn® hyhkmb hIp∏ns\
A`n\µn°m≥ F√mhcpw Ft∂msSm∏w tNcpsa∂pd∏mWv.
\nehnepff s]mXptaJem ÿm]\ßfpsS 260 tImSn cq]bpsS
9 hn]peoIcW t{]mPIvSpIfn¬ BsdÆhpw Cu h¿jw Xs∂
]q¿ØoIcn°pw. G‰hpw {][m\w sFFkv B ¿Hbpambn
an
22
a‰p s]mXptaJem ÿm]\߃°pambn 65 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØp∂p. _m°n Bhiyamb ]Ww a‰p s]mXptaJem
ÿm]\ßfpsS em`Øn¬\n∂pw hmbv]bmbpw Is≠Øpw.
(i) ae_m¿ kv ] n∂nwKv B≥Uv hohnwKv an¬ 25,000
kv]n≥UnepIfpff B[p\nI ^mIvSdnbmbn ]p\cp≤cn®n´p≠v.
F∂menhnsS s\bvØn√. ChnsS 15 tImSn apS°n s\bvØpime
IqSn Bcw`n°p∂XmWv.
(ii) bixicoc\mb sI. IcpWmIc\S°w At\Iw
cmjv{Sobt\Xm°fpsS I¿Ω]mTimebmbncp∂p Xriqcnse
koXmdmw sSIvssìkv. 20 tImSn apS°n CXv B[p\oIcn
°p∂XmWv.
(iii) ]gb {]Xm]tØmsS sI¬t{Sm¨ ]p\chXcn
an
ar
23
49. s]cpºmhqcnse {Smh≥Iq¿ dtbm¨kv, Ip≠dbnse
Aen≥Uv, tImgnt°mSv tImw{SÃv (sSIvssìkv) F∂nhbpw
tZikm¬°cn°m≥ Xocpam\n®n´p≠v. \nba\n¿ΩmWØn\v
{]knU‚ns‚ ap≥Iq¿ A\phmZØn\v Ab®ncn°pIbmWv.
s]cpºmhqcn¬ \qX\ ssh⁄m\nI hyhkmbßfpsS Hcp
l∫pw Ip≠dbn¬ AXym[p\nI CeIv{Sn°¬ hyhkmbhpw
Bcw`n°p∂XmWv . tImw{SÃns‚ sSIv s sì Unhnj≥
B[p\nIhXvIcn°pIbpw Bÿm\ aµncw ss]XrI aµncambn
kwc£n°pIbpw sNøpw.
50. Xncph\¥]pcsØ sse^v kb≥kv ]m¿°n\v 5 tImSn
cq]bpw sIm®nbnse CeIvt{SmWnIv lm¿Uvshb¿ ]m¿°n\v
9 tImSn cq]bpw sIm®n tImbºØq¿ C≥Ukv { Snb¬
an
24
V
]pØ≥ hf¿®m taJeIƒ
hnhckmt¶XnI hnZy
52. k¿, kwÿm\Øns‚ Xm¬]cy߃ ]q¿Wambn
kwc£n®psIm≠v kv a m¿´v kn‰n bmYm¿∞yamhpIbmWv .
hnIk\w thWsa¶n¬ \nt£]IcpsS XmfØn\p XpffpItb
hgnbpffq F∂ hmZ°m¿°v adp]SnbmWv kvam¿´v kn‰n. 62 e£w
NXpc{i ASn sI´nS hnkvXrXn kvam¿´v kn‰nbnep≠mIpw. AXp
]q¿ØnbmIptºmƒ kvam¿´v kn‰nbv°p kao]w Ah¿°p
hn´psImSp°msa∂v Ign™ k¿°m¿ hm°p sImSpØ C≥t^m
]m¿°v 51 e£w NXpc{i ASn hnkvXo¿WØn¬ kzX{¥ambn
an
C—mi‡nbpsS {]XoIamWv.
ok
lo
25
amt\Pv s a‚n\v 9 tImSn cq]bpw hIbncpØp∂p. sFSn
]m¿°pIƒ°v IqSpX¬ `qan Gs‰Sp°m≥ 102 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØp∂p. A£b t{]mPIvSn\v 3 tImSn cq]bpw A£b
sXmgn¬kwcw`I¿°v t{]m’ml\ [\klmbw \¬Im≥
as‰mcp 2 tImSn cq]bpw hIbncpØp∂p.
Sqdnkw
55. kwÿm\sØ G‰hpw thKØn¬ hfcp∂
kmºØnIØpdbmWv Sqdnkw. C¥ybnseØp∂ hntZi
SqdnÃpIfn¬ 12 iXam\w tIcfw kµ¿in°p∂p≠v. 105 tImSn
cq]bmWv Sqdnkw taJebpsS AS¶¬.
56. kzImcykwcw`Iscbpw SqdnÃpIsfbpw BI¿jn°m≥
`uXnI kuIcy߃ C\nbpw sa®s∏SpØm\pw am¿°‰nwKn\pw
an
26
]≤XnbpsS `mKambn ]´Ww ayqknbØn\mbn
sIknF®v B dn\p 2 tImSn cq], Ip™n°p´≥ Xºpcm≥
tImtfPv kmwkv°mcnI kap®bØn\mbn hnZym`ymk hIp∏n\v
5 tImSn cq], tIm´IfpsS ]p\cp≤mcWØn\v ]pcmhkvXp
hIp∏n\p 2 tImSn cq], hmb\m kma{KnIfpsS
{]kn≤oIcWØn\mbn _mekmlnXy C≥Ãn‰yq´n\v 1 tImSn
cq], ayqknb߃°v 4 tImSn cq], SqdnkØn\v 6 tImSn cq]
F∂nßs\ 20 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
58. apkncnkv amXrIbn¬ Xeticn ss]XrI ]≤Xnbv°pw
cq]w \¬Inbn´p≠v. CXnse hnhn[ kvIoapIƒ°mbn 27 tImSn
cq]bpsS `cWm\paXn \¬In°gn™p. 2011˛12-˛tebv°v 20 tImSn
cq] hIbncpØp∂p. Be∏pgbv°pff amÿπm≥
Xømdmbns°m≠ncn°pIbmWv. CXns‚ {]mcw`
an
ar
27
A\phZn°p∂p. kvss]kv dq´v ]≤XnbpsS {]mcw`
{]h¿Ø\߃°mbn as‰mcp 5 tImSn cq] IqSn A\phZn°p∂p.
sIm®n ˛ apkncnkv _n\mse F∂ A¥¿t±iob B¿´v
s^Ãnshen\v 5 tImSn cq] A\phZn°p∂p.
VI
ka{K kmaqlykpc£m ]≤Xn
60. ]m∏coIcn°s∏Sp∂ P\e£ßfpsS PohnXkpc£bv°v
h≥InS ]›mØe kuIcy߃°pw sFSn, Sqdnkw XpSßnb
taJeItfmsSm∏w {]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂ hnIk\ X{¥Øn\p
{]tbmKnI cq]w \¬InbXmWv Cu k¿°mcns‚ G‰hpw
an
{][m\s∏´ kw`mh\.
ar
ka
28
]≤Xnbv°p cq]w \¬Ip∂Xn\pff \n¿t±iamWv Cu _P‰nse
c≠masØ {][m\ {]Jym]\w.
62. kmaqly kpc£m ]≤XnIƒ cq]oIcn°p∂Xns‚
BZy]Sn _n]nF¬ enÃv Xømdm°emWv. tI{µk¿°mcns‚
11.5 e£w _n]nF¬ hn`mKØn¬ hcp∂hcpsSbpw kwÿm\
k¿°mcns‚ _n]nF¬ enÃn¬ Dƒs∏Sp∂ 20 e£w
t]cpsSbpw t]cpIƒ Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\mSnÿm\Øn¬
]ckys∏SpØnbn´p≠v . CXn¬ Dƒs∏SmsX t]mbn´pff
A¿lcmbhsc C\nbpw Dƒs∏SpØp∂XmWv. Aßs\
35˛40 e£w IpSpw_ßsf _n]nF¬ IpSpw_ßfmbn
kwÿm\w AwKoIcn°pw. Ch¿s°√mw kmaqlykpc£m
]≤Xnbn¬ kuP\y ]¶mfnØap≠mIpw. a‰pffh¿°v
AwiZmbaS®v ]≤Xnbn¬ AwKamImw. F√m _n]nF¬
an
ar
29
XpIbpsS \mensem∂mbncn°pw a‰pffh¿°p \¬IpI. an\naw
s]≥jt\°mƒ IqSpX¬ Db¿∂ s]≥j≥ th≠h¿°v
t£a\n[nIƒ hgn kzta[bm AwiZmbw ASbv ° m\pff
kuIcyap≠mbncn°pw.
(ii) 30,000 cq]bv ° pff tI{µ BtcmKy C≥jzd≥kv
apgph≥ tI{µ kwÿm\ _n]nF¬ IpSpw_߃°pw
kuP\yambn \¬Ipw. CXn\mbn 167 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
C≥jzd≥kv FSpØn´pffh¿°v Im≥k¿, lrt{ZmKw, hr°
NnIn’ XpSßnb amdmtcmK߃°v 70,000 cq] hsc k¿°m¿
Bip]{XnIfnse NnIn’bv°v e`yam°pw. IqSpX¬ XpIbv°v
C≥jzd≥kn¬ kzta[bm tNcm≥ Ahkcap≠mIpw. CXn\pff
A[nI]Ww t£a\n[nIƒt°m sXmgnepSaIƒt°m
an
kvIow \S∏m°pI.
ok
lo
30
(v) Aø¶mfn \Kc sXmgnepd∏p ]≤XnbpsS AS¶¬ 20
tImSn cq]bn¬ \n∂v 40 tImSn cq]bmbn Db¿Øp∂p.
(vi) Ign™ _P‰n¬ {]Jym]n® hcpam\ Dd∏p]≤Xn
Cu amkw apX¬ \S∏mhpw. CXntebv°pff 2011˛12˛se AS¶¬
50 tImSn cq]bn¬ \n∂v 80 tImSn cq]bmbn Db¿Øp∂p.
(vii) ]mhs∏´ P\ßfpsS kmaqlykpc£nXXz
{]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ G‰hpw henb ]¶mfnØamWv Bim
{]h¿ØI¿°pw AwK\hmSn {]h¿ØI¿°papffXv. ]q¿Æambpw
tI{µ]≤Xnbmbn´pw Bim k∂≤ {]h¿ØI¿°v Hcp
[\klmbhpw tI{µk¿°m¿ CXphsc A\phZn®n´n√.
AwK\hmSn So®¿am¿°v 1500 cq]bpw sl¬∏¿am¿°v
750 cq]bpamWv tI{µw A\phZn®n´pffXv . sXmgnepd∏p
an
31
Bip]{Xnbnsebpw Im™ßmSv Pn√m Bip]{Xnbnsebpw
kvs]jymen‰n tkh\߃, ]p\c[nhmkw XpSßnbhbv°pff
kvIoapIƒ IqSn ]mt°Pnep≠v.
(ix) iømhew_cmb tcmKnIfpsSbpw am\knI
tcmKnIfpsSbpw ip{iqjI¿°v 300 cq] hoXw [\klmbw
\¬Ip∂Xn\v 10 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. am\knIhpw
ImbnIhpamb sh√phnfnIƒ t\cnSp∂ Ip´nIfpsS
tI{µklmbw e`n°mØ kvIqfpIƒ°v [\klmbw
\¬Ip∂Xn\v 15 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. hnIemwK
s]≥j≥ 400 cq]bmbn Db¿Øp∂p.
(x) D®`£WØn\p ]pdsa Bgv N bn¬ c≠pZnhkw
kv°qƒ Ip´nIƒ°v ]mepw ap´bpw \¬Ip∂ t]mjImlmc
an
32
16 Bip]{XnIfn¬ Ip´nIƒ°v kuP\y NnIn’ \¬Ip∂Xn\v
5 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. Im≥k¿ kpc£m ^≠ntebv°v
2.8 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
(xiii) tIcfØn¬ hf¿∂p ]¥en°p∂ ]¶mfnØ
km¥z\ NnIn’m irwJe t{]m’mln∏nt°≠Xns‚ {]m[m\yw
Dƒs°m≠v 48 km¥z\ NnIn’m tI{µßƒ°mbn 1 tImSn
cq]bpw km¥z\ NnIn’m skmssk‰nIƒ°v 4 tImSn cq]bpw
hIbncpØp∂p.
(xiv) \n¿≤\cmb £btcmK _m[nXcpsS [\klmbw
400 cq]bmbpw IpjvTtcmKnIƒ°pff klmbw 500 cq]bmbpw
Im≥k¿ tcmKnIfptSXv 600 cq]bmbpw h¿≤n∏n°p∂p.
an
33
(xviii) adp\mS≥ sXmgnemfnIfpsS t£aØn\mbn
\n¿ΩmWsØmgnemfn t£a\n[n \o°nshbv°p∂ XpIbv°v
Xpeyamb XpI \¬Ip∂Xn\v 10 tImSn cq] \¬Ip∂p.
(xix) sXmgn¬taJebnse G‰hpw AkwLSnX
hn`mKamWv ho´ptPmen°m¿. alm`qcn]£hpw kv{XoIfmWv.
C¥ybn¬ Ch¿°mZyambn Hcp t£a]≤Xn tIcfw
Bcw`n°pIbmWv . ]mNIsØmgnemfnIƒ°pw t£a\n[n
cq]oIcn°pw. sXßpIb‰ sXmgnemfnIfpsS A]ISklmbambn
1.25 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
(xx) A`ykvXhnZycpsS G‰hpw {][m\s∏´
A\u]NmcnI sXmgn¬taJebmWv A¨ FbnUUv
kv°qfpIƒ, tImfPpIƒ, Syqt´mdnbepIƒ XpSßnbh. H∂c
an
VII
hne°b‰Øn\p {]Xntcm[w
64. hne°b‰amWv km[mcW°mc≥ t\cnSp∂ G‰hpw
cq£amb {]iv \ w. Dul°®hShpw Ah[nhym]mchpw
t{]m’mln∏n°p∂ tI{µ k¿°m¿ \bßfmWv Cu
34
ÿnXnhntijw krjvSn®Xv. i‡amb Itºmf CSs]SemWv
{]Xnhn[n.
65. tdj≥ ISIƒ hgn Ahiykm[\߃ \¬Im\pff 337
tImSn cq]bpsS ka{Kamb ]≤XntbmSv GXm≠v Hcp
h¿jambn´pw tI{µk¿°m¿ A\pIqeambn Xocpam\saSpØn´n√.
]gb F]nF¬ hnebv ° v tdj≥ Izm´ ]p\xÿm]n®n´n√.
]©kmcbpsS Izm´ Ipd®p. a’ysØmgnemfnIƒ°pff
]cºcmKX asÆÆ tdj≥ Akm[yam°p∂ coXnbn¬
asÆÆbpsS Izm´ sh´n°pd®p. Cu {]XnIqe kmlNcyw
t\cnSp∂Xn\v Xmsg ]dbp∂ hne°b‰ hncp≤ ]mt°Pv Rm≥
{]Jym]n°p∂p.
(i) c≠pcq]bpsS Acn 40 e£w IpSpw_ßfntebv°p
an
hym]n∏n°p∂p.
ar
ka
35
A©v C\ßfpsS In‰v 150 cq]bv°p e`yam°pw. CXntebv°mbn
100 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. s^{_phcn amkw apX¬ Cu
kvIow {]m_eyØn¬ hcpw. CXntebv°mbn D][\m
`y¿∞\Ifn¬ 20 tImSn cq] A[nIambn hIbncpØnbn´p≠v.
36
VIII
]cºcmKX taJeIƒ
a’ysØmgnemfnIƒ
66. k¿, 3000 tImSn cq]bpsS hnIk\{]h¿Ø\߃
\SØpsa∂v a’ysØmgnemfnIƒ°v Fs‚ BZy_P‰n¬
\¬Inb hmKvZm\w ]men®p. 2001˛06 Imebfhn¬ 527 tImSn cq]
sNehgn® ÿm\Øv Ign™ A©p h¿j°meØn\nSbn¬
kp\man ]p\cp≤mcW ]≤XnbS°w 3092 tImSn cq]
a’ytaJebn¬ sNehgn®n´p≠v. CXn¬ a‰phIp∏pIfpsSbpw
Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfpsSbpw IW°v Dƒs∏SpØnbn´n√.
67. Ht∂Im¬ e£w IpSpw_ßfpsS 380 tImSnbpsS ISw
an
ar
37
69. _n]nF¬ IpSpw_߃°mbn kºmZy kamizmk
]≤Xn tI{µw ]cnanXs∏SpØnbncn°pIbmWv. kamizmk XpI
1800¬ \n∂v 3600 cq]bmbn Db¿Øp∂p. Pq¨, Pqsse
amkßfnembn Cu ]Ww e`yam°pw. 5000 cq]bpsS
]eniclnX hmbv]bv°v 1.5 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. apgph≥
a’ysØmgnemfnIƒ°pw A\p_‘ sXmgnemfnIƒ°pw
kamizmk ]≤Xn \S∏m°pw. XoctZi hnIk\ tIm¿]tdjs‚
Hmlcn aqe[\Øn\pw XoctZi ka{KhnIk\
]cn]mSnIƒ°pambn 20 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
70. 200 tImSn cq] AS¶epff amXrIm a’y{Kma ]cn]mSn
2011˛12˛¬ Bcw`n°pw. A©ph¿jw sIm≠v Cu kv I ow
]q¿ØoIcn°pw. ]m¿∏nSw, I°qkv, IpSnshffw, sshZypXn
F∂nh e`ya√mØ Hcp hoSpt]mepw Cu {Kmaßfn¬ D≠mhn√.
an
ar
38
hIbncpØp∂p. CXn\p ]pdsa ka{K ]cn]mSnbv ° pff
15 tImSn cq]bpw a‰p hnIk\ ]cn]mSnIfpw Cu kvIoapambn
kwtbmPn∏n°pw.
Ib¿, Iiph≠n
72. ]cºcmKX taJeIsf kwc£n®p am{Xta ]pXnb
hf¿®mtaJeIfntebv°pff NphSpam‰Øn\p kmaqlymwKoImcw
t\Sm\mhq. 2005˛06˛¬ 77 tImSn cq] am{Xambncp∂p sNdpInS
]cºcmKX hyhkmb߃°mbn hIbncpØnbXv. 2011˛12˛¬
hcpam\ Dd∏p ]≤XnhnlnXaS°w CXv 308 tImSn cq]bmbn
Db¿Øp∂p. CXn\p ]pdsa {Km‰phn‰n, dn´b¿sa‚ v s_\n^n‰v
XpSßnbhbpsS IpSninI C√mXm°m≥ 40 tImSn cq]
D][\m`y¿∞\Ifn¬ hIbncpØnbn´p≠v.
an
39
76. Ign™ A©ph¿jØn\nSbn¬ 40,000 kv ] n≥U¬
D¬]mZ\tijn h¿≤n∏n®n´p≠v . Cu taJebpw Ct∏mƒ
em`ØnemWv . ae∏pdw, IÆq¿ sSIv s sì an√pIƒ°mbn
10.5 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. ImbwIpfw, Xriq¿ an√pIfpsS
\hoIcWØn\p XpS°w Ipdn°m\mbn 3 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØp∂p.
77. JmZn hyhkmb߃°v 9 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
IcIuie ¢Ã¿ hnIk\ kvIow Bcw`n°p∂Xn\v 2.2 tImSn
cq] hIbncpØp∂p. sI¬]man\v 50 e£w cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
B¿´nkm≥kv sUhe∏v s a‚v tIm¿]tdj\v 1 tImSn cq]
A\phZn°p∂p. B¿´nkm≥kv sUhe∏vsa‚v tIm∏td‰ohn\p 50
e£w cq] Hmlcn aqe[\ambn A\phZn°p∂p.
an
40
]q¿Wambn sImSp°m\pff kv I ow Cu [\Imcyh¿jw
\S∏m°pw.
81. tIcf a¨]m{X \n¿ΩmW skmssk‰nIƒ°v
[\klmbw \¬Ip∂Xn\p 25 e£w cq] {]tXyIambn
A\phZn°p∂p. _m¿_¿amcpsS keqWpIƒ \hoIcn°p∂Xn\v
]eniclnX hmbv] \¬Ip∂Xn\v AhcpsS t£a\n[nbv°v 1
tImSn cq] A\phZn°p∂p.
IX
t£a {]h¿Ø\߃
]´nIPmXn ˛ ]´nIh¿K t£aw
an
ar
41
sNehgn®p. ]´nIh¿K D]]≤Xnbn¬ CXv 64.73
iXam\ambncp∂Xv Ign™ \meph¿j°meØv
92.83 iXam\ambn Db¿∂p.
83. ]´nIPmXn LSI]≤Xnbn¬ Xt±ikzbw`cW
ÿm]\ßfpsS hnlnXw Ign™m¬ 433 tImSn cq]bmWv
_m°nbpffXv. CXn¬ 125 tImSn cq] ]m¿∏nSØn\pw 80 tImSn
cq] s]m∂pwhnebv°p `qan hmßn \¬Ip∂Xn\pw
hIbncpØp∂p. apgph≥ ]´nIPmXn°m¿°pw Cu h¿jtØmsS
]m¿∏nSw Dd∏phcpØpw. hnZym`ymkØn\v v 48 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØnbn´p≠v. \nehnepff Ggv tamU¬ kvIqfpIƒ°p
]pdsa Ipg¬aµw, tNe°c, at©izcw, s]cntßmw
F∂nhnSßfn¬ ]pXnb kv°qfpIƒ Bcw`n°pw. Be∏pg,
an
tlmì ]Wnbpw.
ok
lo
42
¢mkpIfnsebpw Ip´nIƒ°pff bqWnt^mw Aeh≥kv
{]Xnh¿jw 3000 cq]bm°p∂p. _p°pIfpw tÃj\dnIfpw
hmßm\pff Aeh≥kv 60 iXam\hpw a‰v Aeh≥kpIƒ
50 iXam\hpw h¿≤n∏n°p∂p. tamU¬ dknU≥jy¬
kv I qfpIfn¬ ]{Xßfpw B\pImenIßfpw hmßp∂Xn\v
{]Xnamkw 1500 cq] hoXw A\phZn°p∂p. kv t ]m¿´v k v
D]IcW߃ hmßm\pff [\klmbw {]Xnh¿jw
10,000 cq]bmbn Db¿Øp∂p. Fkvkn FkvSn {]tam´¿amcpsS
Aeh≥kv 2500 cq]bn¬ \n∂pw 4000 cq]bmbpw dknU‚ v
Syq´¿amcptSXv 3000 cq]bn¬ \n∂v 4500 cq]bmbpw Db¿Øp∂p.
86. hS°mt©cn tªm°v ]©mbØn¬ \S∏m°nb {Ko≥
B¿anbpsS amXrIbn¬ F√m Pn√Ifnepw Hmtcm Awt_ZvI¿
an
A\phZn°p∂p.
ul
M
43
Db¿Øp∂p. ]msemfn aplΩZp Ip´n IΩn‰nbpsS \n¿t±i߃
\S∏m°p∂Xn\v 14 tImSn cq] A\phZn°p∂p.
]m¿∏nSw
89. tIcf tÉv luknwKv t_m¿Un\p 19.5 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØp∂p. CXn¬ 7.5 tImSn cq] FwF≥ e£w hoSv
]p\cp≤mcW ]≤Xnbv°pw 7.7 tImSn cq] \n¿ΩnXn tI{µbv°pw
3.25 tImSn cq] tIcf tÉv luknwKv s^Utdj\pamWv.
90. ssa{Xn `h\hmbv ] bpsS IpSninI ]q¿Wambpw
FgpXnØffp∂p. tIcf k¿°m¿ luknwKv t_m¿Un\p
\¬Inb 275 tImSn cq] hmbv ] bn¬ Cu XpI AUv P Ãp
sNøp∂XmWv. lUvtIm hmbv]bpsS ]enibn\Øn¬ 20 tImSn
cq] D][\m`y¿∞\Ifn¬ Dƒs°mffn®n´p≠v.
an
ar
hIbncpØp∂p.
M
XpeyXbpw h\nXmhnIk\hpw
92. Ign™ _P‰v tIcfØn¬ sP≥U¿ _P‰nwKn\v
XpS°w Ipdn®p. kv{XoIƒ KpWt`m‡m°fmbpff kvIoapIƒ°v
]≤XnbpsS 5.6 iXam\w XpI am{XamWv 2009˛10˛¬
sNehgn®ncp∂Xv. CXv 2010˛11˛¬ 8.5 iXam\w Bbn Db¿Øm≥
Ign™p. sP≥U¿ Imgv N ∏mSneqsS kwÿm\ _P‰ns\
hna¿i\]cambn ]cntim[n°p∂Xn\v ]e h\nXm
kwLS\Iƒ°pw ]WvUnX¿°pw Ign™ h¿jsØ _P‰v
{]tNmZ\w \¬In. ]e t]mcmbvaIfpw shfns∏´n´p≠v. 2011˛12˛¬
kv{XoIƒ°pff {]tXyI kvIoapIƒ°v ]≤Xn AS¶ens‚
44
9.4 iXam\w ˛ AXmbXv ˛ 770 tImSn cq] hcpw F∂mWv
hnebncpج. CXn¬ Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfpsS
h\nXmLSI ]≤Xn Dƒs∏Sp∂n√. Nne {]tXyI kv°oapIƒ
am{Xw ]cma¿in°s´.
(i) 200 lb¿sk°‚dn kv°qfpIƒ, t_m´v sP´nIƒ,
_kv Ãm≥UpIƒ, s]mXp sI´nS߃, Itºmf߃
F∂nhnSßfn¬ aq{X∏pcIƒ \n¿Ωn°p∂Xn\v 17.5 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØp∂p.
(ii) t]meokv tk\bn¬ sP≥U¿ Aht_m[w
hf¿Øp∂Xn\pw t]meokv tÃj≥ kv{Xo kulrZ
am°p∂Xn\pw 4 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
(iii) h\nXm
tlmÃepIƒ, h¿°nwKv hnsa≥kv
an
45
kv{XoIƒ°pff s]≥j≥ ]≤Xn {]mb]cn[n 40 hbkm°n
XmgvØp∂p. XpI 400 cq]bmbn Db¿Øp∂p.
(vii) t_m[hXvIcWw, Iu¨kenwKv XpSßnbhbv°mbn
6.5 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
(viii) XpdapJßfnepw a‰pw a’ysØmgnemfn
kv{XoIƒ°p cm{Xn XmakØn\pff kuIcysamcp°m≥ 1 tImSn
cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
(ix) tImgnt°mSv ‘Xt‚Sw ’ sP≥U¿ ]m¿°v
ÿm]n°p∂XmWv. kmwkv°mcnI tkh\ taJeIfnse kv{Xo
kwcw`I¿°pff sI´nS kuIcyhpw k¿hIemimem
h\nXm]T\ tI{µw, hn]peamb sse{_dn, kmwkv ° mcnI
kap®bw, KÃv lukv XpSßnbhsb√mw ASßp∂Xmbncn°pw
an
46
{]tXyI kuIcyhpw G¿s∏SpØpw. CXntebv°pff sl¬]v
sse\pIƒ F√m \Kcßfnepw G¿s∏SpØpw. CXn\mbn 5
tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
{]hmknt£aw
95. {]hmknt£a {]h¿Ø\߃°mbn samØw 9 tImSn
cq]bmWv hIbncpØnbn´pffXv. hntZiØp tPmen°p
t]mIp∂h¿°pff {]tXyI Hmdnbt‚j≥ t{]m{Kmw,
{]hmknIƒ°mbpff {]tXyI eoK¬ FbnUv sk¬
F∂nhbmWv ]pXnb kv I oapIƒ. CXn\p]pdsa t\m¿°
sh¬^b¿ ^≠ntebv ° p 10 tImSn cq] {]tXyIambn
hIbncpØp∂p.
an
X
ar
ka
`£ykpc£
ok
lo
47
]p\cp≤mcWØn\pff 34 tImSn cq], ]me°ms´ I\m¬
\hoIcWØn\pw Pe kwc£WØn\papff {]h¿Ø\߃,
en^v ‰ v CdntKj\pff ]p\cp≤mcWw, tImƒ\neßfnse
hnIk\{]h¿Ø\߃ XpSßnbh Cu apt∂‰w \ne\n¬°pw
F∂pd∏phcpØpw. s\¬°rjnbv°v 29 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØp∂p. CXn\p ]pdsa B¿sIhnsshbpsS AS¶emb
225 tImSn cq]bn¬ KWyamb ]¶v s\¬°rjnbv°mbncn°pw.
98. k¿, Cu k¿°m¿ A[nImcØn¬ h∂t∏mƒ Ggp
cq]bmbncp∂ s\√ns‚ kw`cWhne Ct∏mƒ 13 cq]bmWv.
AXv 14 cq]bmbn Db¿Øp∂p. Acn{io F∂ ka{K s\¬Irjn
]cn]mSn Bcw`n°pw.
arKkwc£Ww
an
48
a‰phnfIƒ
101. \mfntIc Irjnbv°v 30 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
]pcbnS°rjn hnIk\Øn\mbpff kvIoapIƒ°p
]pdsabmWnXv. ]®°dn°rjn hnIk\Øn\v 6.6 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØp∂p. hb\ms´ IpcpapfIp IrjnbpsS
]p\c[nhmkØn\v 6.5 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
102. Im∏n ISmizmk ]mt°Pv 2010 {]Imcw klIcW
_m¶pIƒ \¬tI≠ ISmizmk hnlnXØntebv°v 10 tImSn
cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
PetkN\w
103. h≥InS PetkN\ ]≤XnIsf°pdn®v ap≥ _P‰v
{]kwKßfnepb¿Ønb hna¿i\߃ Bh¿Øn°p∂n√.
an
ar
49
`t£ymXv]mZ\ h¿≤\bv°p am{Xa√, ]cnÿnXn
k¥pe\mhÿ kwc£WØn\pw henb kw`mh\bmbncn°pw.
aÆp Pe kwc£Ww
105. \o¿ØS ASnÿm\Ønepff aÆpPe kwc£WØn\p
\_m¿Un¬ \n∂p 33 tImSn cq] e`yam°p∂XmWv.
\o¿ØSmSnÿm\Ønepff ]›naL´ hnIk\ ]≤Xnbv°v
37 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
XI
lcnX_P‰v
an
50
Hcp tImSn _ƒ_pIƒ hnXcWw sNøpw. kv°qƒ Ip´nIsf
e£yam°nbpff Du¿P s{IUn‰v ]≤XnbpsS ASnÿm\w
2010˛11˛se Du¿P D]t`mKambncn°pw. Z£X IqSnb Du¿P
D]IcW߃ hmßm\pff k_vknUn lcnX^≠n¬ \n∂pw
sIF^vknbv°p e`yam°pw. Du¿PZp¿hybw Ipdbv°p∂Xn\pff
FkvtIm tamU¬ Iº\nbpsS B¿´n°nƒ Hm^v
Atkmkntbj≥ Xømdmbn´p≠v. Cu h¿jw Xs∂ Iº\n
cq]oIcn°pw.
109. Imemhÿm ]T\߃°p 2 tImSn cq]bpw
ssPhIrjnbv°v 5 tImSn cq]bpw hIbncpØp∂p.
110. Be∏pgbnse Im∏n¬tXmSv ipNoIcn°m\pw sNΩo≥
kwkv°cW ^mIvSdnIfn¬ aen\Pe ip≤oIcW
an
h\w
111. h\w hIp∏n\v 74 tImSn cq] A\phZn°p∂p. F√m
^o¬Uv Ãm^n\pw samss_¬ t^m¨ IW£≥ \¬Ipw.
]pXnb 10 t^mdÃv tÃj≥ Bcw`n°pw. 50 sN°v UmapIƒ
]Wnbpw. Acn∏bn¬ t^mdÃv A°mZan ÿm]n°pw. kzm`mhnI
h\ßfpsS kwc£WØn\v 16 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
πmt‚j\pIƒ°v 5 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. ssPhsshhn≤y
kwc£WØn\pth≠n 14 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
112. Fs‚ acw, hgntbmcØW¬, \ΩpsS acw, lcnX
tIcfw XpSßnb kmaqlyh\hXvIcW ]≤XnIƒ°v
sFIycmjv{S k`bpsS AwKoImcw e`n®n´p≠v. Ch
51
GtIm]n∏n®v lcnXtIcfw ]≤Xnbmbn \S∏m°m≥ 3 tImSn
cq] A[nIambn A\phZn°p∂p. hrjvSn {]tZißfn¬ 50 sN°v
UmapIƒ \n¿Ωn°p∂Xn\v 1 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
]cnÿnXn ]T\IymºpIƒ°mbn 50 e£w cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
sske‚vhmen _tbmssUthgvkn‰n I¨k¿thj≥ dnk¿®v
B≥Uv tamWn‰dnwKv sk‚dn\v 1 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
XII
hnZym`ymkw
KpWta∑bpff kvIqƒ hnZym`ymkw
113. 2006˛¬ 33 iXam\Øn¬ Xmsg hnPbiXam\apff
an
52
kv t Imf¿jn∏v , Iºyq´¿ hnZym`ymkw XpSßnb hnhn[
tI{µmhnjv I rX ]≤XnIƒ°pff kwÿm\ k¿°mcns‚
hnlnXamWv . Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\߃ k¿hin£m
A`nbm\p apS°p∂ ]WØn\p ]pdsabmWnXv. CXv AXy¥w
Zu¿`mKyIcamb Hcp ÿnXnhntijamWv. F{Xtbm
Zo¿L\mfsØ hnZym`ymk ]mcºcyapff tIcfØns‚ kvIqƒ
hnZym`ymkw Zn√nbnencp∂v Bkq{XWw sNøp∂Xv Fs¥mcp
Akw_‘amsW∂v BtemNn®p t\m°pI. GXm≠v 839 tImSn
cq] hnhn[ tI{µ kvIqƒ hnZym`ymk kv°oapIfneqsS \ap°p
e`yamIpw. Cu XpI kwÿm\Øns‚ kmlNcy߃
°\pkcn®v kzX{¥ambn hn\ntbmKn°m≥ Ahkc
ap≠mbncps∂¶n¬ F¥p henb t\´ßƒ hnZym`ymk
an
kvtImf¿jn∏n\pw th≠nbmWv.
116. tIcf tÉv C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v Unssk\v 5 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØp∂p. sFSnsF \hoIcWØn\p 42.8 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØp∂p. CsXmcp k¿hIme sdt°m¿UmWv.
11 sFSnsF˛Ifn¬ aq∂mw jn^v‰v Bcw`n°p∂XmWv. ]pXpXmbn
]ffn∏mSv, s]cn™\w, hS°mt©cn, \nebv°map°v,
Xq°p]mew, s]cn¥¬aÆ, Iq‰\mSv, sNdpIp∂v, NmØawKew,
]ocptaSv F∂o 10 sFSnsFIƒ Bcw`n°p∂XmWv.
117. Ifaticn t]mfnsSIv\n°v Uba≠v Pq_nen
HmUnt‰mdnbØn\v 25 e£w cq] A\phZn°p∂p.
53
D∂XhnZym`ymkhpw ssh⁄m\nI kaqlhpw
118. tIcfsØ Hcp ssh⁄m\nI kaqlambn am‰pI F∂
e£ytØmsSbmWv D∂X hnZym`ymk taJebnse kuIcy߃
hn]pes∏SptØ≠Xv. 2001˛06 Imebfhv henb Xncn®SnbpsS
Imeambncp∂p. km[mcWKXnbn¬ F√m hIp∏pIfpsSbpw
{Km‚pIƒ F√m h¿jhpw ]ØpiXam\w hoXw
h¿≤n°pIbmWv ]Xnhv. F∂m¬ D∂XhnZym`ymk taJebnse
]≤XnbnXc {Km‚ v 2001˛02˛¬ 710.28 tImSn cq] Bbncp∂Xv
2005˛06˛¬ 790.34 tImSn cq]bmbn XpScpIbmbncp∂p. CXns‚
^eambn AXymhiyw HgnhpIƒ t]mepw \nIØm\mhmØ \ne
k¿hIemimeIƒ°p h∂ptN¿∂p. F∂m¬ Cu ÿnXn
hntijw C∂p ]mtS amdn. 2010˛11˛¬ 1573.76 tImSn cq]bmWv
an
54
121. k¿hIemimeIfnse \nba\\ntcm[\w FSpØpam‰n.
A^nentb‰Uv tImtfPpIfn¬ 1708 XkvXnIIƒ krjvSn®p.
k¿hIemimeIfn¬ 317 XkvXnIIƒ krjvSn®p. 10 C‚¿
bqWnthgvkn‰n sk‚dpIƒ Bcw`n®p. 2011˛12˛¬ Xmsg ]dbp∂
50 k¿°m¿ FbnUUv tImfPpIfn¬ Hmtcm ]pXnb
tImgv k pIƒ Bcw`n°p∂XmWv . k¿°m¿ tImtfPpIƒ˛
Imk¿tImSv , at©izcw, IÆq¿, ae∏pdw, s]cn¥¬aÆ,
Nme°pSn, I´∏\, tImSt©cn, am\¥hmSn, FfcnØ´v, ]´mºn,
sImgn™mºmd, samtIcn, aS∏ffn, t]cm{º, sImbnem≠n,
I¬∏‰, Nn‰q¿, Aºe∏pg, Nhd, B‰n߬, tImgnt°mSv
B¿Svkv B≥Uv kb≥kv tImtfPv, almcmPmkv, hnIvtSmdnb,
{_Æ≥, bqWnthgvkn‰n tImtfPpIƒ. FbnUUv tImtfPpIƒ ˛
hfmt©cn, aºmSv, s]m∂m\n FwCFkv tImfPpIƒ, sNºg¥n,
an
55
kvs]bvkv kb≥kv B≥Uv sSIvt\mfPn (270 tImSn cq]),
C¥y≥ C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v kb≥kv FPyqt°j≥ B≥Uv
dntk¿®v (500 tImSn cq]), Imk¿tImSv sk≥{S¬
bqWnthgvkn‰n Hm^v tIcf (720 tImSn cq]), Xriqcnse thƒUv
sk≥{S¬ bqWnthgvkn‰n (720 tImSn cq]), sk‚¿ t^m¿
AenK¿ ap…nw bqWnthgvkn‰n (500 tImSn cq]), hnXpcbnse
\mjW¬ sk‚¿ t^m¿ tamfnIypem¿ sa‰ocnb¬kv (75 tImSn
cq]) F∂nhbmWv Ch.
123. k¿hIemimemXeØn¬ aebmf `mjm]T\sØbpw
KthjWsØbpw t{]m’mln∏n°p∂Xn\v 10 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØp∂p. tIcf k¿hIemimebpambn _‘s∏´v Hcp
C‚¿ bqWnthgvkn‰n sk‚¿ ÿm]n°m\mbncn°pw Cu ]Ww
sNehgn°pI. almflmKm‘n k¿hIemimebn¬
an
ar
56
125. skkv , knUªypB¿ UnFw, sIF^v B ¿sF,
\m‰v]mIv, Sn_nPnB¿sF, sIFkvFw F∂o imkv{XKthjW
ÿm]\߃°v 22 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. kwÿm\
imkv{X kmt¶XnI ]cnÿnXn Iu¨knens‚ a‰p
{]h¿Ø\߃°v 24 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. Iu¨knens‚
CXphscbpff {]h¿Ø\m\p`hsØbpw tIcfØnse
imkv{XKthjW ÿm]\ßfpsS \nesbbpw Ipdn®v G‰hpw
{]K¤cmb imkv{X⁄cpsS Hcp IΩnjs\s°m≠v
]p\chtemI\w \SØp∂XmWv. sk‚¿ t^m¿ Uhe∏vsa‚ v
ÃUokn\p 3 tImSn cq]bpw sFFwPnbv°pw knFwUnbv°pw
1 tImSn cq] hoXw hIbncpØp∂p. doPW¬ Im≥k¿
an
57
kmwkv°mcnI ÿm]\߃
127. Iem kmwkv°mcnI ÿm]\߃°v 50 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØp∂p. ayqknb߃°pw arKimeIƒ°pw 7.75 tImSn
cq]bpw IemaWvUeØn\v 6 tImSn cq]bpw Ne®n{X hnIk\
tIm¿]tdj\pw Ne®n{X A°mZanbv°pw 2 tImSn cq] hoXhpw
kmlnXy A°mZan, kwKoX \mSI A°mZan, efnXIem
A°mZan F∂nhbv°v 1.5 tImSn cq] hoXhpw _mekmlnXy
C≥Ãn‰yq´v, `mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v, t^mIvtem¿ A°mZan, Bd∑pf
hmkvXphnZym KpcpIpew F∂nhbv°v 1 tImSn cq] hoXhpw
\o°nshbv°p∂p.
128. aebmf kn\nasb t{]m’mln∏n°p∂Xn\v
Nn{XmRvPen ÃpUntbmbn¬ \n¿Ωn°p∂ aebmf kn\naIƒ°v
an
58
]pkvXtIm’hØn\v 25 e£w cq] hIbncpØp∂p. Ign™
A©ph¿jw XpS¿®bmbn \S∂phcp∂ {]mtZinI ^nenw
s^ÃnshepIƒ°pw ^nenw ¢_pIƒ°pw [\klmbw
\¬Ip∂Xn\v ^nenw skmssk‰n s^Utdj\v 50 e£w cq]
hIbncpØp∂p.
130. Un∏m¿´psa‚v Hm^v B¿°ntbmfPnbv°v 2 tImSn cq]
A\phZn°p∂p. tIcf tÉv B¿ss°hvkn\v 2 tImSn cq]
A\phZn°p∂p. tIcf tÉv sse{_dn Iu¨knen\v 1 tImSn
cq]bpw tÉv sk≥{S¬ sse{_dnbv ° v 2 tImSn cq]bpw
A\phZn°p∂p.
131. Xncph\¥]pcØv Dffq¿ `h\w, X{km°nse
H.hn. hnPb≥ ayqknbw F∂nhbv°v 50 e£w cq] hoXw
an
59
C´n ANypX≥ sshZy¿ kvamcIw, Xebv°¬ N¥p kvamcI
Asºbv Ø p a’cw, Ieqcnse sshtem∏nffn kv a mcIw,
Xncph\¥]pcw \nco£ kv { Xo\mSI kwLw, Infnam\q¿
cmPmchnh¿Ω kvamcIw, IS∏m°Sbn¬ hn. KwKm[c≥ {]Xna
F∂nhbv°v 10 e£w cq] hoXw A\phZn°p∂p.
133. am∏nf Ie, kmlnXyw, kwkv ° mcw F∂nhbv ° p
\¬Ip∂ tambn≥Ip´n sshZy¿ kvamcI Ahm¿Uv
G¿s∏SpØpw. tambn≥Ip´n sshZy¿ kvamcIØn\v 20 e£w
cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
134. Xriqcnse {_“kzw aTw thZ]mTimebpsS sI´nS
]p\cp≤mcWØn\mbn 1 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
shßm\qcnse Aø¶mfn kvamcI kv°qfns‚
an
60
tÃUnbßfpsS \hoIcWamWv Chbnte‰hpw {][m\w. a‰v
A\p_‘ tÃUnb߃°v 200 tImSn cq] sNehp hcpw.
2011˛12˛tebv ° v Ct∏mƒ 120 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
s\Sp¶≠w, Xeticn, tImXawKew, aqhm‰p]pg, Be∏pg,
Ip∂wIpfw F∂nhnSßfnse tÃUnb߃ ]q¿ØoIcn°m≥ 10
tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. \oteizcØv CFwFkv
satΩmdnb¬ tÃUnbØn\pw amfbn¬ IcpWmIc≥
satΩmdnb¬ tÃUnbØn\pw Hmtcm tImSn cq] hoXw
hIbncpØp∂p. ]me°mSv C≥tUm¿ tÃUnbØn\pw kznΩnwKv
tImwπIv k n\pw 3 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. ao\ßmSn,
Infnam\q¿, ]p√qcm≥]md aØmbn Nmt°m kv t ]m¿´v k v
tImwπIvkv an\n tÃUnb߃°mbn 2 tImSn cq]
an
hIbncpØp∂p.
ar
ka
61
XIII
BtcmKyw
140. s]mXphnZym`ymkØnse∂t]mse s]mXp BtcmKy
taJebnepw KpW]camb am‰w A\p`hthZyamWv. Bip]{Xn
A]v{KtUjs‚ ^eambn knF®vknIfpsS FÆw 114˛¬ \n∂pw
236 Bbn Db¿∂n´p≠v. tUmIvS¿am¿°p kvs]jymen‰n tIU¿
krjvSn°pIbpw saUn°¬ tImtfPv tUmIvS¿amcpsS kzImcy
NnIn’ \ntcm[n°pIbpw sNbv X p. saUn°¬ k¿hokkv
tIm¿]tdjs‚ cq]oIcWtØmsS Ahiyacp∂pIfpsS
Zu¿e`yw C√mXmbn. Ign™ h¿jw Bip]{Xn hnIk\
an
\n∂p e`yambn.
ka
ok
62
Xncph\¥]pcw saUn°¬ tImfPn¬ \ntbmt\t‰mfPn
C‚≥kohv sIb¿ bqWn‰pw ]pXnb tam¿®dnbpw
ÿm]n°p∂XmWv. tImgnt°mSv, tIm´bw, Xriq¿ saUn°¬
tImfPpIfn¬ ]pXnb FwB¿sF kvIm\dpIfpw ÿm]n°pw.
Ubs_‰nIv C≥Ãn‰yq´ns\ htbmP\ ]T\tI{µambn
hnIkn∏n°p∂Xn\v 6 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
143. saUn°¬ tImfPpIfn¬ sdknU‚vkns‚ {]Xnamk
ssÃ∏≥Uv 1˛1˛2011 apX¬ ap≥Ime{]m_eytØmsS
h¿≤n∏n°p∂p. Pq\nb¿ sdknU‚ vkns‚ ssÃ∏≥Uv H∂mw
h¿jw 23,000 cq]bmbpw c≠mw h¿jw 24,000 cq]bmbpw aq∂mw
h¿jw 25,000 cq]bmbpw Db¿Øp∂p. ko\nb¿
sdknU‚v k nt‚Xv H∂mw h¿jw 28,000 cq]bmbpw c≠mw
h¿jw 29,000 cq]bmbpw aq∂mw h¿jw 30,000 cq]bmbpw
an
ar
63
ae∏pdw Pn√m Bbq¿thZ Bip]{XnIfnse InS°IfpsS FÆw
50˛¬ \n∂v 100 Bbn Db¿Øp∂XmWv. F√m Pn√m
Bip]{XnIfnepw ]©I¿Ω As√¶n¬ £mckq{X kuIcyw
G¿s∏SpØp∂XmWv. Huj[nbv°v 4 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
Bbq¿thZ, tlmantbm hn`mK߃°pff AS¶ens‚
]IpXnØpI saUn°¬ hnZym`ymkØn\p th≠nbpffXmWv.
2 tImSn cq] tIm´bv ° ¬ Bbp¿thZ ]T\ KthjW
tI{µØn\v A\phZn°p∂p. tlmwtImbv ° p 4 tImSn cq]
A\phZn°p∂p.
147. hni∏n√m \Kc ]≤Xnbv°v 2 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØp∂p.
148. Xncph\¥]pcw sFt°mWn\p 3 tImSn cq]bpw
an
ar
IpSnshffw
ok
lo
ul
64
150. 964 tImSn cq]bmWv IpSnshff ipNnXz
]cn]mSnIƒ°mbn hIbncpØnbn´pffXv . 2011˛12¬ P∏m≥
IpSnshff ]≤XnIfn¬ apJyambpw _m°nbp≠mhpI
Xncph\¥]pcw, tImgnt°mSv kv°oapIfmWv. Chbv°mbn 500
tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. 1000 tImSn cq]bpsS ]pXnb
Pe\n[n t{]mPIv S n¬ \n∂v 2011˛12˛¬ 112 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØnbn´p≠v . Cu ]mt°Pn¬ 400 {Kma]©mbØp
Ifnembn 9650 sNdpInS kv I oapIƒ Dƒs∏SpØnbn´p≠v .
\nehnepff kv ° oapIfpsS ]gb ss]∏pIƒ am‰p∂Xn\pw
a‰pambn 20 tImSntbmfw cq] hIbncpØp∂p. Ign™
aq∂ph¿jØn\nSbn¬ {]Jym]n® kv]m≥, km¿°v XpSßnb
]mt°PpIfnse kv ° oapIƒ°pth≠n 100 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØp∂p.
an
ar
XIV
Xt±i kzbw`cWw
\memw [\Imcy IΩnj≥
152. \memw kwÿm\ [\Imcy IΩnj≥ tIcfØnse
A[nImc hntI{µoIcW \S]SnIfpsS Ncn{XØn¬
\mgnI°√mbn amdpIbmWv . Ign™ [\Imcy IΩnj≥
65
Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\߃°v {Km‚n¬ hcpØnb
sh´n°pdhpIƒ ]q¿Wambpw ]p\xÿm]n®p. CXns‚ ^eambn
hnkvabIcamb tXmXnemWv Xt±ikzbw`cW
ÿm]\߃°pff {Km‚pIƒ h¿≤n°p∂Xv.
153. k¿, Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfpsS hnIk\ ^≠v
2010˛11- ˛ ¬ 2049 tImSn cq]bmbncp∂Xv Rm≥ 2750 tImSn
cq]bmbn Db¿Øp∂p. IΩnj≥ dnt∏m¿´v ka¿∏n°p∂Xn\p
apºv ]≤Xnbv°p cq]w \¬In°gn™ncp∂Xn\m¬ 2574 tImSn
cq]tb ]≤Xnbn¬ hIbncpØnbn´pffq. 176 tImSn cq]
IqSn A[nIambn A\phZn°pIbmWv . Xt±ikzbw`cW
ÿm]\߃°pff P\d¬ ]¿∏kv {Km‚ v 2010˛11-˛¬ 439 tImSn
cq]bmbncp∂Xv 617 tImSn cq]bmbn Db¿Øp∂p. sabn‚\≥kv
{Km‚v 512 tImSnbn¬ \n∂v 793 tImSnbmbn Db¿Øp∂p. samØw
an
ar
AwKoIcn°p∂p.
M
66
8 tImSn cq] hIbncpØnbn´p≠v. Cu kvIow ]q¿Wambpw
IpSpw_{iobpambn kwtbmPn∏n®mbncn°pw \S∏m°pI.
IpSpw_{io Bbncn°pw t\mU¬ GP≥kn. IpSpw_{iobpsS
{]h¿Ø\w hnebncpØnbmWv \nehnep≠mbncp∂
FkvPnFkvssh kvIow F≥B¿F¬Fw Bbn ]cnjvIcn°m≥
tI{µk¿°m¿ Xocpam\n®Xv F∂Xv {]tXyIw {]kvXmhyamWv.
156. almflmKm‘n tZiob {KmaoW sXmgnepd∏p ]≤Xn
G‰hpw amXrIm]cambn \S∏nem°p∂Xv tIcfamsW∂v
tZiobXeØn¬ AwKoIcn°s∏´n´p≠v. tZiob am\ZWvU߃
]≤XnbpsS hym]\Øn\p XSkßtfsd krjvSn°p∂ps≠¶nepw
2010˛11˛¬ 750 tImSn cq]sb¶nepw Cu kv I ow {]Imcw
sNehgn°s∏Spsa∂p IcpXp∂p. \mfntIcw, d∫¿ XpSßnb
hnfIfpsS do πm‚nwKpw sXm≠ptiJcWhpw kv I oan¬
an
ar
AwKoIcn°s∏´n´n√.
ok
lo
67
hoSpIƒ ]q¿ØoIcn®p. AlmUvkn¬ {]hrØnsbSpØph∂
\√]¶v BfpIsf kmaqlyh\hXv I cWØnepw a‰pambn
D]tbmKs∏SpØp∂Xn\v [mcWbmbn´p≠v . ]≤XnbpsS
XpS¿\SØn∏n\v 8 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. CtX amXrIbn¬
hb\mSp Pn√bv ° p th≠n hn]peamb t{]mPIv S v 2011˛¬
Bcw`n°pw.
159. ]me°mSv, hb\mSv Pn√Ifnse kvIoapIƒ°p th≠n
_m°v t hUv doPnb≥ {Km‚ v ^≠n¬ \n∂v 34 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØp∂p.
160. C≥^¿taj≥ tIcf anj\v 4.5 tImSn cq]bpw
Inebv°v 6 tImSn cq]bpw hIbncpØp∂p.
\KchnIk\w
an
ar
68
hIbncpØnbn´p≠v . Xeÿm\ \KchnIk\ ]≤Xnbv ° v
10.5 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. Cu ]≤XnIfpsS \SØn∏v
kab_‘nXambn \oßnbn´n√ F∂ t]mcmbvabp≠v.
CXphscbpff A\p`h߃ ]cntim[n®v Hcp Xncpج
]cn]mSnbv°p cq]w \¬Inbn´p≠v.
IpSpw_{io
162. ssat{Im ^n\m≥kv Iº\nIfpsS Xosh´ns°mffbpsS
^eambn B{‘bnepw a‰pw BfllXyIfS°apff Zpc¥ßƒ
krjvSn°s∏´Xns‚ ]›mØeØn¬ IpSpw_{io amXrIbpsS
tZiob{]k‡n h¿≤n®ncn°p∂p. Xt±ikzbw`cW
ÿm]\ßfpsS Iogn¬ kmapZmbnI, ]m¿´n ]cnKW\Iƒ°v
AXoXambn ASnÿm\ kmaqlyLSIw F∂ \nebnemWv
IpSpw_{io {]h¿Øn°p∂Xv. eLpkºmZy hmbv]Ifpw kq£va
an
IpSpw_{io {]h¿Øn°p∂p.
lo
ul
M
69
XV
s]mXp`cWw
klIcWw
164. kwÿm\Øns‚ hnIk\Øn¬ klIcW taJe
\n¿WmbI ]¶phln°p∂p. 2005˛06˛¬ klIcW \nt£]w
6500 tImSn cq]bmbncp∂Xv 2010˛11- ˛ ¬ 20,000 tImSn
cq]bntesdbmbn. hn`h]cnanXn adnIS°m≥ klIcW taJe
Fßs\ klmbIcamIpsa∂v a\knem°m≥ CFwFkv
]m¿∏nS ]≤Xn H∂pam{Xw aXn. klIcW taJebv ° v
43 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. klIcW saUn°¬
tImfPpIƒ°v 10 tImSn cq] hoXw {]tXyIambn
A\phZn°p∂p.
an
ar
70
hIbncpØnbn´p≠v. Cu amkw Xs∂ ÿnXnKXnIƒ
km[mcWKXnbnemIpw.
167. shff°° klIcW kwL߃°v 25 e£w cq]
A\phZn°p∂p.
tIcf tÉv tdmUv {Sm≥kvt]m¿´v tIm¿]tdj≥
168. kwÿm\sØ KXmKXØn¬ sIFkvB¿SnknbpsS
hnlnXw 13˛¬ \n∂v 27 iXam\ambn Db¿∂p. 2547 _kpIfpw
1188 sjUyqfpIfpw ]pXpXmbn Bcw`n®p. tImgnt°mSv ,
Xncph\¥]pcw _kvÃm≥Uv˛Iw˛tjm∏nwKv tImwπIvkpIfpsS
]Wn {ZpXKXnbn¬ \S°p∂p. Xncph\¥]pcsØ A¥¿
kwÿm\ _kv sS¿an\¬, ae∏pdw, Icp\mK∏ffn, s\SpaßmSv,
sXmSp]pg, ]me°mSv F∂nhnSßfn¬ tjm∏nwKv tImwπIvkpw
an
_kpIƒ \ncØnend°pw.
M
71
170. sIm®nbnse KXmKX°pcp°n\p ]cnlmcap≠m°p∂
Xn\v B[p\nI s^dn t_m´pIƒ hmßm≥ 5 tImSn cq]
A\phZn°p∂p. sIm®nbn¬ {S°v sS¿an\¬ ÿm]n°p∂Xn\p
5 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. tIcf kwÿm\ PeKXmKX
hIp∏n\p ]pXnb t_m´pIƒ hmßp∂Xn\v 1 tImSn cq]
{]tXyIambn A\phZn°p∂p.
i_cnae
171. ]p√ptaSp Zpc¥ßƒ C\n Bh¿Øn°cpXv. i_cnae
amÿ πm\ns‚ BZyL´w ASpØ aIcØn\p apºv \S∏m°pw.
\nebv°¬ t_kv Imºn¬ 15000 hml\߃ ]m¿°p
sNøm\pff kuIcyw, ]ºbn¬ Fsa¿P≥kn Bw_pe≥kv
k¿hokn\p ]pXnb ]mX, henb \S∏¥en\p c≠mw\ne,
an
72
173. B‰pIm¬ t£{X taJebpsS hnIk\Øn\v 478
tImSn cq]bpsS hnIk\ πm≥ Xømdm°nbn´p≠v. 118 tImSn
cq]bpsS \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø\߃ \S∂phcp∂p. \Kc
hnIk\Øn\pff hnhn[ kvIoapIƒ kwtbmPn∏n®mWv CXn\p
]Ww Is≠ØpI. 10 tImSn cq] {]tXyIambn hIbncpØp∂p.
Kpcphmbq¿ s{Ubnt\Pv kvIoan\v 6 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
inhKncnbnse I¨sh≥j≥ sk‚dn\v 1 tImSn cq]
A[nIambn hIbncpØp∂p.
dh\yq
174. dh\yq hIp∏ns‚ G‰hpw {][m\s∏´ NpaXebmbn
Unkmÿ amt\Pvsa‚v amdnbn´p≠v. hfsctbsd
hnhmZap≠m°nb kp\man ]p\c[nhmk ]≤Xnbv°v A\phZn®
an
73
]cpt°¬°p∂h¿°pff [\klmbw 25,000 cq] apX¬ 50,000
cq]hscbmbn Db¿Øp∂p. c≠mw temIbp≤Ønse `S∑m¿°pw
B{inX¿°papff [\klmbw Db¿Øp∂XmWv.
{Sjdn
177. {Sjdn ka{K \hoIcW ]cn]mSn ]mXnhgn ]n∂n´p
Ign™p. Iºyq´¿ kwhn[m\ßfpsS \hoIcWhpw tIm¿
_m¶nwKv k{ºZmbØntebv ° pff am‰hpw am¿®n\pffn¬
]q¿ØnbmIpw. 103 ]pXnb {Sjdn sI´nS߃ \n¿Ωn°m\pw
114 sI´nS߃ ]cnjvIcn°m\pw 120 tImSn cq]bpsS ]≤Xn
\S∏m°n hcnIbmWv. tIm¿´v ^o ÃmºpIfpsSbpw PpUojy¬
Ãmºv t]∏dpIfpsSbpw IΩnj≥ 3.5 iXam\ambpw dh\yq
an
cPnkvt{Sj≥
ka
ok
74
s]meokv
180. s]meokv hIp∏n\v 33.5 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. 70
IΩyqWn‰n t]meokv dntkmgv k v sk‚dpIfpw 20 SqdnÃv
kwc£W tI{µßfpw apXn¿∂ ]uc∑m¿°mbpff
14 tkh\tI{µßfpw ÿm]n°p∂XmWv. P\kulrZ tkh\
kuIcy߃, SqdnÃv kwc£W tkh\tI{µßƒ XpSßnb
kvIoapIƒ°mbncn°pw Cu XpI sNehgn°pI. s]meokns\
Ipdn®v P\߃°v hnhc߃ \¬Ip∂Xn\v 20 S®v kv{Io≥
Intbmkv I pIƒ ÿm]n°pw. s]meokv luknwKv B≥Uv
I¨kv{S£≥ tIm¿]tdj\v 7.5 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
181. Kpcphmbq¿ t£{Xw, DSpº≥tNme, ]nWdmbn
F∂nhnSßfn¬ s]meokv tÃj\pIfpw s]m∂m\n, ]qhm¿,
A©psXßv, A¿Øp¶¬, Xr°cn∏q¿ F∂nhnSßfn¬ XoctZi
an
75
tamt´m¿ shln°nƒkv
184. tamt´m¿ shln°nƒkv Un∏m¿´psa‚n\v ]≤Xnbn¬ 6
tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
^b¿ B≥Uv sdkvIyq k¿hokkv
185. ^b¿ B≥Uv sdkvIyq tÃj\pIfpsS B[p\nI
hXvIcWØn\pth≠n 10 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p.
sImbnem≠n, ssh°w, H‰∏mew, hfmt©cn, ]m\q¿
F∂nhnSßfn¬ ]pXnb ^b¿ tÃj\pIƒ Bcw`n°p∂XmWv.
Bkq{XWw
186. Bkq{XWt_m¿Uns‚bpw kwhn[m\ßfpsSbpw
Bhiy߃°mbn 5 tImSn cq] hIbncpØp∂p. k¿shIƒ°pw
an
C≥jzd≥kv
ka
ok
76
an\naw s]≥j≥ \¬I p∂Xn\p \S]Sn kzoIcn°pw.
GP‚pam¿°pff {]Xnh¿j saUn°¬ do Cwt_gvks
v a‚v 10,000
cq]bn¬ \n∂v 25,000 cq]bmbn Db¿Øp∂p. CXn\p ]pdsa
‘Nnkv ’ BtcmKy C≥jzd≥kv ]≤Xnbn¬ tNcp∂Xn\pff
sNehns‚ 50 iXam\w t£a\n[nbn¬ \n∂p \¬Ipw. _m°n
XpI k¿°mcpw KpWt`m‡mhpw Xpeyambn \¬IWw.
77
]ªnIv dntej≥kv
191. ]ªnIv dntej≥kv Un∏m¿´psa‚n\v 20 tImSn cq]
hIbncpØp∂p. CXn¬ 2.6 tImSn cq] knUn‰n\mWv.
]{X߃°pw sSenhnj\pIƒ°pw \¬Im\pff ]ckys®ehns‚
Hcp `mKw Nph∏p\mSaqew IpSninIbnembncp∂p. am¿®n\Iw
AXv sImSpØpXo¿°p∂XmWv.
Poh\°m¿
192. Ign™ GXm\pw ZiIßsfSpØm¬ s]mXptaJebn¬
G‰hpw IqSpX¬ sXmgnehkc߃ krjvSn°s∏´
Imeambncp∂p 2006˛2011. Ign™ A©ph¿j°meØn\nSbn¬
CXphsc hnZym`ymkhIp∏n¬ 12505 XkvXnIIfpw
BtcmKyhIp∏n¬ 2431, t]meokv hIp∏v 7153, Xt±ikzbw`cWw
an
78
194. s]≥j≥Im¿°v {]Xnh¿jw 2 e£w cq]bpsS
BtcmKy C≥jzd≥kv ]≤Xn \S∏m°pw. A©c e£wt]¿°v
CXns‚ {]tbmP\w e`n°pw. Ct∏mƒ \¬Inhcp∂ saUn°¬
Aeh≥kv XpI D]tbmKs∏SpØnbmhpw CXp \S∏m°pI.
iºf˛s]≥j≥ ]cnjvIcWw
195. Poh\°m¿°v Ign™ k¿°m¿ \ntj[n®
`h\hmbv]bS°w F√m B\pIqeyßfpw ]p\xÿm]n®p.
94 iXam\w UnF IpSninIbn√msX ]q¿Wambpw A\phZn®p.
Poh\°m¿°v A]IS C≥jzd≥kv, tÉv AUvan\nkvt{S‰ohv
{Sn_yqW¬, t_mWkv A¿lXm]cn[n Db¿Ø¬, s^Ãnsh¬
AUzm≥kv, 180 Znhkambn {]khmh[n Db¿ØnbXv, ¢mkv
t^m¿ Poh\°mcpsS {]tamj≥ Izm´ Db¿ØnbXv F∂nßs\
an
A\phZn®p.
ka
ok
79
XVI
hn`h kamlcWw
197. k¿, _P‰v AhXcWØns‚ BapJØn¬ Xs∂
X\Xp hn`hkamlcWØn¬ t\Snb A`nam\Icamb hnPbw
FSpØp ]dbpIbp≠mbn. \nIpXn\nc°pIƒ Db¿ØnbXp
sIm≠√, Cu h¿≤\ t\SnbXv. aZyØns‚ hn¬]\ \nIpXn
h¿≤\bpw kmaqlykpc£m sk pw am‰n \n¿Ønbm¬
bmsXmcp \nIpXn h¿≤\bpw Ign™ A©ph¿jØn\nsS
D≠mbn´n√. hm‰v Hcp iXam\w Db¿ØWsa∂pw XpWnbpsS
ta¬ \mep iXam\w \nIpXn G¿s∏SpØmsa∂pw tI{µk¿°m¿
\n¿t±in®ncp∂p. ]e kwÿm\ßfpw \nIpXn\nc°v 1 apX¬ 2.5
an
80
\S]SnIfpsS eLqIcWw
199. k¿°mcn\p kmºØnI_m[yX krjv S n°msX
\S]Sn{Ia߃ eLqIcn°m≥ F√m _P‰nepw {ian®n´p≠v.
ChtbmSp tIcfØnse hym]mcnIƒ {InbmflIambn
{]XnIcn°pIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v. apºn√mXncp∂ Hcp hym]mcn
kulrZ A¥co£w tIcfØn¬ kwPmXambn. kXyw
]d™m¬ CØhWsØ _P‰p N¿®Ifn¬ hfsc Npcp°w
Bhiyßtf hym]mcn kwLS\Iƒ°v apt∂m´p shbv°m≥
_m°nbp≠mbncp∂pffq. Ahbn¬ Nne A`y¿∞\Iƒ
AwKoIcn°pIbmWv.
200. ]Øpe£Øn¬ A[nIcn°mØ hn‰phchpff
hym]mcnIƒ \nIpXn \¬tI≠Xn√. AXn\m¬ Ah¿°v \nIpXn
an
81
202. hm‰p \nbaa\p kcn®pff ¢mcn^nt°j≥
]pds∏Sphn°p∂Xn¬ ImeXmakap≠mIp∂p F∂p
hym]mckwLS\Iƒ ]cmXns∏´n´p≠v. DtZymKÿcpsS IΩn‰n
D≠m°nbn´pw ImeXmakw ]cnlcn°m≥ Ignbp∂n√.
¢mcn^nt°j≥ kab_‘nXambn ]pds∏Sphn°m\pff
\n_‘\ hm‰p \nbaØn¬ sIm≠phcp∂XmWv.
aq∂pamkØn\Iw ¢mcn^nt°j≥ ]pds∏Sphn°Ww.
\nb{¥WmXoXamb ImcWßfm¬ ta¬kabØn\pffn¬
¢mcn^nt°j≥ ]pds∏Sphn°m≥ Ignbp∂ns√¶n¬ kabw \o´n
\¬Im≥ IΩnjW¿°v A[nImcap≠mbncn°pw.
203. do^≠v At]£tbmsSm∏w _‘s∏´ AskknwKv
Hm^ok¿ \¬Inb t^mdw 21 sP \¬tI≠Xp≠v.
an
t^mdw 21 sP Hgnhm°p∂XmWv.
ka
ok
82
hIp∏p ]n≥hen°Wsa∂pw hym]mcn kwLS\Iƒ
Bhiys∏´n´p≠v. CXv AwKoIcn®psIm≠v 40 F hIp∏ns‚
aq∂mw D]hIp∏v ap≥Ime {]m_eytØmsS ]n≥hen°p∂XmWv.
206. C˛^benwKv k{ºZmbw ÿmboIcn®p Ign™m¬
dnt´WpIfpsS t]∏¿ tIm∏n ^b¬ sNøp∂Xv Hgnhm°psa∂v
Rm≥ {]Jym]n®ncp∂p. Bdp amkØn\Iw t]∏¿ dnt´¨
Hgnhm°pw.
207. 50 e£w hsc hn‰phchpff hym]mcnIƒ 0.5 iXam\w
\nc°n¬ A\pam\ \nIpXn \¬Im≥ A¿lcmWv. hn‰phchv 50
e£w h¿≤n°p∂]£w Ah¿ hm‰p \nIpXn
k{ºZmbØntebv°p amtd≠Xp≠v. AXn\v At]£ \¬IWw.
C°mcyØn¬ th≠{X [mcWbn√mØXn\m¬ ]e
an
A\phZn°p∂XmWv.
ul
M
83
GXm≠v Xo¿∏mbXn\m¬ aqeyh¿≤nX \nIpXn\nba{]Imcapff
A∏oepIƒ ssIImcyw sNøm≥ AUojW¬ s_©pIsf
A[nImcs∏SpØp∂XmWv . CXn\mbn A∏te‰v hn`mKsØ
A\ptbmPyamb hn[Øn¬ ]p\xkwLSn∏n°pIbpw
CXn\mhiyamb \nbat`ZKXn sIm≠phcnIbpw sNøpw.
210. ]m¿k¬ GP≥knIƒ ss{Xamk dnt´WpIƒ
ka¿∏nt°≠Xp≠v. ]cºcmKXambn ]m¿k¬ GP≥knIƒ
sNøp∂ {]hrØn Xs∂bmWv sdbn¬th hmKWpIƒ
hmSIbvs°Sp°p∂ GP≥knIfpw sNbvXphcp∂Xv. ]mgvk¬
GP≥knIƒ sNøp∂Xpt]mse Cu hn`mKhpw
kwÿm\Øn\ItØ°v Cd°paXnsNøp∂ Nc°pIfpsS
hnhc߃ hmWnPy\nIpXn hIp∏n\v \¬tI≠Xp≠v.
211. skbn¬kv dnt´WpIƒ {IaoIcn°m≥ \n›bn°s∏´
an
84
214. AkwLSnXcpw \nIpXnhnt [b hn‰phchn\p
XmsgbpffXpamb sNdpInS hn`mKamWv {][m\ambpw sN¶¬
hym]mcw \SØp∂Xv. sN¶√pIƒ hml\Øn¬
sIm≠pt]mIptºmƒ skIyqcn‰n sUt∏mkn‰v ]ncn°p∂Xmbn
]cmXnIfp≠v . CXp ]cnlcn°p∂Xn\pw Xt±i \n¿ΩmW
kma{KnIfpsS hym]mcsØ t{]m’mln∏n°p∂Xn\pambn
F√mØcØnepapff sN¶√pIsfbpw \nIpXnbn¬ \n∂pw
Hgnhm°p∂XmWv . F√mXcw aWen\pw \nIpXn \nc°v
4 iXam\amWv. F∂m¬ a‰p ]´nIIfnsem∂pw Dƒs∏SmØ
Xn\m¬ aÆn\v 12.5 iXam\w \nc°mWv CuSm°p∂Xv .
aWen\pff 4 iXam\w \nc°v aÆn\pw _m[Iam°p∂XmWv.
215. 2008˛09- ˛ se _P‰v {]kwKØn¬ 1˛4˛2005 apX¬
an
85
F√mhn[ ss\tem¨˛πmÃnIv tdm∏pIsfbpw \nIpXnbn¬
\n∂v Hgnhm°p∂XmWv.
218. Huj[߃°v FwB¿]n ta¬ \nIpXn NpaØp∂
hyhÿbmWp \nehnepffXv. acp∂p Iº\nIƒ k¿°mcn\p
acp∂p hn¬°p∂p≠v. Cu hn¬]\ta¬ hn¬]\ hnebpsS
ASnÿm\ØnemWv \nIpXn ]ncn°p∂Xpw k¿°mcn¬
HSp°p∂Xpw. k¿°mcn\p hn¬°p∂ acp∂pIƒ°v FwB¿]n
_m[Ia√ F∂¿∞w. \nIpXn Askkvsa‚pIƒ
]q¿Ønbm°p∂Xv FwB¿]n hnebpsS ASnÿm\Ønemb
Xn\m¬ Askkvsa‚pIƒ ]q¿Ønbm°p∂Xn\p Nne
{]bmkßfp≠v. Ch ]cnlcn°p∂Xn\p k¿°mcn\p hn¬°p∂
acp∂pIfpsS ImcyØn¬ hn¬]\ hne FwB¿]n hnebmbn
IW°m°n Askkv s a‚pIƒ ]q¿Ønbm°p∂XmWv . Cu
an
ar
86
NqSmdms∏´nIfpsSbpw \nIpXn\nc°v 1˛4˛2007 apX¬ 4
iXam\ambncn°psa∂v kv]jvSoIcn°p∂p.
tImºu≠nwKv
222. BUw_c \nIpXnbvs°m∏w lukv t_m´n¬ hnXcWw
sNøp∂ ]mIw sNbvX `£WØn\pw ]m\ob߃°pw hm‰p
\nIpXn _m[yXbpap≠v. `£WØns‚ IW°pIƒ
kq£n°p∂Xv _p≤nap´mbXn\m¬ Ahbv°p taepff hm‰v
Hgnhm°Wsa∂ lukv t_m´p kwLS\IfpsS Bhiyw
AwKoIcn°p∂p. tImºu≠Uv \nIpXn \nc°n¬ BUw_c
\nIpXn HSp°p∂ lukv t _m´pIƒ°v lukv t_m´n¬
hnXcWw sNøp∂ ]mIw sNbvX `£WØn\pw
]m\ob߃°pw hm‰v \nIpXn Hgnhm°p∂p.
an
{]Xo£n°p∂n√.
apdnIƒ hm¿jnI tImºu≠Uv \nIpXn
t\m¨ Fkn Fkn lukv
lukv t_m´v t_m´v
1 apdn am{XapffXv 8000 cq] 15,000 cq]
2 apdnbpffXv 12,000 cq] 22,000 cq]
2˛¬ IqSpX¬ apdnbpffh˛Hmtcm
A[nI apdn°pw 4000 cq] 7,000 cq]
apJyambpw tIm¨^d≥kpIƒ°p
D]tbmKn°p∂h 30,000 cq] 50,000 cq]
87
224. c≠p\£{X ]Zhn hscbpff _m¿ tlm´epIƒ
hnXcWw sNøp∂ aZyØns‚ hn¬]\bv°v hn‰phchv \nIpXn
\nehnep≠v. _nhtdPkv tIm¿]tdj\n¬ \n∂p hmßp∂
aZyØns‚ hnebpsS \n›nX iXam\w hn¬]\hne
Xn´s∏SpØn AXnt∑¬ 10 iXam\w \nc°nemWv hn‰phchv
\nIpXn \¬tI≠Xv. tImºu≠Uv \nIpXn Xn´s∏SpØptºmƒ
ap≥h¿jsØ \nIpXnbpsS 115 iXam\Øn¬ Ipdhp hccpsX∂v
\n_‘\bpap≠v. Cu \n_‘\ Zo¿LImeambn tImºu≠nwKv
coXn ]n¥pScp∂ hym]mcnIƒ°v A\mI¿jIamWv F∂p
hy‡ambn´p≠v. BbXn\m¬ Ign™ A©ph¿jw XpS¿®bmbn
tImºu≠Uv \nc°n¬ \nIpXn HSp°p∂ _m¿ tlm´epIƒ
Ign™ h¿jw HSp°nb \nIpXnbpsS 110 iXam\hpw Ign™
3 h¿jßfn¬ XpS¿®bmbn tImºu≠Uv \nc°n¬ \nIpXn
an
88
[\Imcy \nbaØn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbncp∂p. 2010˛11 h¿jØn¬
tImºu≠Uv \nIpXn k{ºZmbw Xncs™SpØ Nne kz¿W
hym]mcnIƒ°v Cu \n_‘\ _p≤nap´pIƒ krjvSn®Xmbn
{i≤bn¬s∏´n´p≠v. tImºu≠Uv hyhÿ Xncs™Sp°ptºmƒ
\nehnep≠mbncp∂ \nba hyhÿbpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬
tImºu≠Uv \nIpXn \nc°n¬ XpScm≥ Ahsc
A\phZn°p∂XmWv . AXn\pth≠n hIp∏v 8 (F^v ) ˛s‚
D]hmIyw (vi) ap≥Ime {]m_eytØmsS ]n≥hen°p∂p.
s]mXpam∏v
226. hm‰v \nehn¬ hcp∂Xn\p apºpff GXm≠v apgph≥
sIPnFkv S n Askkv s a‚pIfpw CXn\Iw ]q¿ØoIcn®p
Ign™p. tImSXn tà sNbvX GXm\pw tIkpIƒ am{Xta
an
89
]cnKWnt°≠Xp≠v. 2007˛08˛se _P‰n¬ Iiph≠n
hyhkmbØn\v Hcp Bws\Ãn ]mt°Pv {]Jym]n°pIbp≠mbn.
k¿, Ct∏mƒ kam\amb ÿnXnhntijw ssπhpUv, Gew
taJeIfn¬ kwPmXambn´p≠v. Bbp¿thZ acp∂p
hyhkmbØnepw Nne Kuchamb {]iv\߃ Db¿∂p
h∂n´p≠v. DZmcamsbmcp kao]\w kzoIcn°Wsa∂v F√m
]m¿´nIfnepw s]´h¿ A`y¿∞n®n´p≠v. CXp am\n®p sIm≠v
Cu taJeIƒ°pth≠n Hcp Bws\Ãn ]mt°Pv
{]Jym]n°p∂p.
(i) ssπhpUv taJebn¬ \n∂pff \nIpXn hcpam\w
2005˛06˛¬ 5.4 tImSn cq]bmbncp∂Xv 2009˛10˛¬ 28.06 tImSn
cq]bmbn h¿≤n®n´p≠v. 2010 Unkw_¿ hscbpff \nIpXn
hcpam\w 31.76 tImSn cq]bmWv . \nIpXn\nba]me\w
an
ar
90
sIm≠pt]mIp∂ GeØns‚ ‘hm]kv’ IW°n\p IrXyamb
tcJIƒ teetI{µw \SØp∂bmƒ kq£nt°≠Xp≠v. hm]kv
tcJIƒ kq£n°m≥ 2009 ¬ am{XamWv \nbaØn¬
\njv I ¿jn®Xv . A∂papX¬ IrXyamb tcJIƒ kq£n®p
hcp∂p≠v. AXn\p apºpff Imebfhnte°v Cu \n_‘\
Hu]NmcnIambn \n¿_‘nXam°nbncp∂n√. Cu Imebfhnse
hm]kv tcJIfn¬ A]mIw Btcm]n®v \SØnb
\nIpXn\S]Sn{Ia߃ Ahkm\n∏n°p∂XmWv.
(iii) \ΩpsS X\Xp taJebmb Bbq¿thZw ASpØ
ImeØmbn henb hf¿® t\Snbn´p≠v. SqdnkØns‚
hf¿®bv ° pw Cu taJe henb ]¶phln®n´p≠v . {UKv
ssek≥kns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ Bbq¿thZ taJebn¬
an
91
229. sk‚¿ t^m¿ SmIvtkj≥ ÃUokv KpemØn
C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v SmIv t kj≥ F∂ tZiob ÿm]\ambn
Db¿Ønbn´p≠v. hm‰p \nbaØn¬ CXn\mhiyamb t`ZKXn
hcpØp∂XmWv.
ASnÿm\kuIcy߃
230. tIcf Znt\iv _oUn h¿t°gv k v tIm˛Hm∏td‰ohv
skmssk‰nbpsS ssIhiapff IÆqcnse 36 sk‚ v ÿeØv
hmWnPy\nIpXn tImwπIvkv \n¿Ωn°m≥ Dt±in°p∂p. dh\yq
hIp∏v \n›bn® 2.43 tImSn cq]bv°v Cu ÿew
Gs‰Sp°p∂XmWv . CXn\p]pdta tIcf Znt\iv _oUn
h¿t°gv k v tIm˛Hm]v . skmssk‰n°v AhcpsS {Km‰phn‰n
_m[yX Xo¿°p∂Xn\mbn Bhiyamb XpI
an
D][\m`y¿∞\Ifn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbn´p≠v.
ar
ka
92
hym]mcnIsf ]p\c[nhkn∏n°m≥ th≠n 25 tImSn cq] Cu
_P‰n¬ hIbncpØnbn´p≠v . _P‰n¬ hIbncpØnbn´pff
\nIpXn hcpam\sØ°mƒ IqSpX¬ kamlcn°p∂ \nIpXnbpsS
c≠p iXam\tam 3 tImSn cq]tbm GXmtWm A[nIw AXv
hym]mcn t£a\n[nbntebv°p \¬Ip∂XmWv.
XVII
D]kwlmcw
233. k¿, 2010˛11- ˛ se ]pXp°nb IW°pIƒ Rm≥
AhXcn∏n°p∂p.
an
ar
ka
ok
cq] tImSnbn¬
ul
M
93
234. 2010˛11˛se _P‰n¬ {]Xo£n®Xns\°mƒ 946.19 tImSn
cq] dh\yq hcpam\w IqSpX¬ e`n°psa∂mWv Ct∏mgsØ
IW°pIq´¬. CXpaqew dh\yq IΩn 1.48 iXam\Øn¬ \n∂v
1.41 iXam\ambn Ipdbpw. ]pXp°nb IW°p {]Imcw
[\°Ωnbpw 3.49 iXam\Øn¬ \n∂v 2.89 iXam\ambn
Ipdbpsa∂v {]Xo£n°p∂p. 2250 tImSn cq] ]≤XntbXc
aqe[\s®ehp {]Xo£n® ÿm\Øv 646.56 tImSn cq]tb
sNehv Ct∏mƒ {]Xo£n°p∂pffq F∂XmWv as‰mcp {][m\
am‰w. \o≠ ag aqew \n¿ΩmW {]hrØnIƒ sshInbXmWv
CXn\p ImcWw. ]t£, samØw sNehn¬ Ipdhp
{]Xo£n°p∂n√. ImcWw D][\m`y¿∞\IfneqsS dh\yq
sNehv KWyambn Db¿∂n´p≠v.
235. k¿, 2011˛12˛se _P‰v aXn∏p IW°pIƒ
an
ar
AhXcn∏n°p∂p.
ka
ok
cq] tImSnbn¬
ul
M
94
236. 2011˛12˛¬ samØw k¿°m¿ sNehv 23.6 iXam\w
Dbcpsa∂mWv IcpXp∂Xv. iºf ]cnjvIcWaS°apff F√m
sNehpIƒ°pw ]q¿Wambn XpI hIbncpØnbn´p≠v. F∂m¬
\S∏ph¿jsØt∏mse Xs∂ dh\yq h¿≤\ \ne\n¬°pw
F∂Xns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ dh\yq IΩn 1.97 iXam\ambn
\n¿Øm≥ Ign™p. Cu _P‰n¬ ]pXnb hn`h
kamlcWßsfm∂pw \n¿t±in®n´n√ F∂Xpw Hm¿t°≠XmWv.
]≤Xnbv°p ]pdsabpw aqe[\s®ehn\p ]Ww
hIbncpØnbn´p≠v. [\°Ωn A\phZ\obamb ]cn[nbv°pffn
emWv. B`y¥c hcpam\Øns‚ 3.48 iXam\w.
237. k¿, k`bnse F√mhcn¬ \n∂pw hna¿i\]chpw
{InbmflIhpamb klIcWw F\n°v e`n®n´p≠v . Fs∂
kw_‘n®StØmfw Ign™ A©ph¿jw hensbmcp
an
ar
95
am¿§ßfneqsS {ian°pIbmbncp∂p Cu k¿°m¿. ]t£
C°mcyØnep≠mb hn]peamb AkXy{]NmcWw P\߃
a\knem°psas∂\n°pd∏p≠v. tem´dn am^nbsb
\nb{¥n°m\pff \ΩpsS ]cn{ia߃ ^e{]m]vXnbn
seØWsa¶n¬ \nbaewL\w \SØp∂h¿s°Xnsc
tI{µk¿°m¿ \S]Sn kzoIcn°pItbm \nehnepff \nbaØn¬
kwÿm\Øn\v A[nImcw \¬In t`ZKXn hcpØpItbm
sNøWw. C°mcyØn¬ tbmPn® \ne]mSp kzoIcn°m≥
F√mh¿°pw Igntb≠Xp≠v.
239. k¿, hchpw sNehpw bm{¥n-I-ambn IW-s°m-∏n®p
t]mIp∂ bmYm-ÿn-XnI [\-\-b-Øn\p ]Icw hnI-k-t\m-∑pJ
[\-\bamWp R߃ kzoIcn®Xv. hnI-k\ - s- ®-eh- p-Iƒ Npcp-°m-
\-√, adn®v hcp-am\w h¿≤n-∏n®p IΩn Ipdbv°m\mWv ASn-ÿm-\ -
an
ar
߃ t]mse hnI-k\ - Ø
- n\v kp{]-[m-\a
- m-Wv. dh\yq IΩn Ipd-®p-
sIm≠phcm≥ {ian-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w `uXnI ]›m-ØekuI-cy-
߃ Hcp-°p-∂-Xn\v {]Xy£amtbm ]tcm£amtbm ]c-am-h[n
hmbv] kam-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v hnI-k-t\m-∑pJ [\-\bw ]cn-{i-an-
°pw. ta¬]d™Xp t]msemcp hnIkt\m∑pJ [\Imcy\bw
\S∏m°m≥ Ign™Xns‚ ^eambn´mWv `cWØntedn
A©ph¿jw ]n∂nSptºmƒ P\߃°p \¬Inb hmKvZm\w
\ndth‰nb NmcnXm¿∞ytØmsS Cu {]kwKw Ahkm\n∏n°m≥
F\n°p Ignbp∂Xv. k¿, kmºØnI ASnØd kpÿncam°n
F∂p am{Xa√, apt∂m´p IpXn°m\pff Hcp am¿§hpw
Nq≠n°mWn®psIm≠mWv Rm≥ hm°pIƒ D]kwlcn°p∂Xv.
96
240. Xs‚ alZvIrXnbmb Zn\m¥Øn¬ HF≥hn ImWp∂
kz]v\w Rm\panhnsS ]¶pshbv°p∂p.
F∂p,aIn©\¿
I≠In\mhpIƒ
D◊bmbv am‰m˛
s\mcpZn\w h∂nSpw
sN¶\emfp∂
\nkze£ßƒ X≥
s\©nse®qf
bXn∂p NqtSInSpw
Zn°pIƒ aßpw
Zn\m¥Ønsesbm‰
\£{Xamsbs‚
an
ar
kz]v\w Pzen°p∂p...
ka
ok
—.Pbvlnµv. —
97