Type of additive Chemical used Function Examples of food

Preservatives (pengawet) Sodium benzoate,Sodium nitrite - Reduce the spoilage caused by microorganisms Fruit, meat,fish,sausages
Sugar,salt,Boric acid,Citric acid - Enable the food to last longer
Benzoic acid,Sulphur dioxide
Emulsifier Lecithin, monoglycerides, - Prevent product from separating Margarine, ice cream,
diglycerides, sodium phosphate mayonaisse
Gelling, stabilizing, and Starch, pectin, gum, - Provide uniform texture of food Jam,jelly,sauce,chocolate milk
thickening agent gelatin,cellulose
Anticaking agent Silicates - Allow substances to flow freely Salt,flour
Enrichment and Vitamin A(retinol) - Improves the nutrient content in the food Juice,cereal,milk,bread
fortification(kubu) of Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
vitamin and minerals Vitamin B2(riboflavin)
Vitamin B3 (niacin)
Vitamin C(ascorbic acid)
Vitamin D (calcipherol)
Folic acid, iron
Antioxidants Vitamin A, E (tocopherol) - Preserve flavour of food and prevents fats and oil Biscuits,soups
from being oxidized and becoming unpleasant in
smell and taste
Colourants Edible(halal) water soluble dyes - Make food look more attractive Cordial,sweets,puddings,soft
Natural dyes from pandan drinks,ice cream
leaves
Carmoisine (red)
Spices (rempah), flavour Natural essential oils (vanilla), - Make food smell and taste better instant noodles, ice
enhancers (penambah monosodium glutamates (msg) cream,sauces
rasa)