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The MATLAB script [1] can be used to determine the stability of any nth-degree characteristic equation.

A tabular method can be used to determine the stability when the roots of a higher order characteristic
polynomial are difficult to obtain. For an nth-degree polynomial

y|

the table has n + 1 rows and the following structure:

an an ƶ 2 an ƶ 4
an ƶ 1 an ƶ 3 an ƶ 5
b1 b2 b3
c1 c2 c3

where the elements bi and ci can be computed as follows:

y|

y|

When completed, the number of sign changes in the first column will be the number of non-negative
poles.

Consider a system with a characteristic polynomial

y|

We have the following table:

1 2 3 0
4 5 6 0
0.75 1.5 0 0
ƶ3 6 0
3 0
6 0

In the first column, there are two sign changes (0.75 - ƶ3, and ƶ3 - 3), thus there are two non-
negative roots where the system is unstable.

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