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Edition: First Edtion, 05 April 2003

Publishers: THESAM, POBox 35806 London, Ell 3JX United Kingdom

Design: T Jeyabalan

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19~9 - ro >'D,n,6ro>'D l@u6'UJlTir l1lruITUJIT .1Il1TL.~@ (Yl>'Dru(!P61llJDUJlTffi 6l.I®6roffi Ll6',n,>'D LJJD@ >'DtDW6'Eilir 6l.I1TW6lJru Ll~UJ <B6l.Iffi(Ylt.O &,n,>'D6ro6OT l1lITIDJDrfuffi@)t.O ~®6l.I1TaS'6OT. 1@l1l1TW'ci;@ ~aS'UJ~.§l6l.lt.O I@ffilT(b~>'D Ll~UJ ~ruci;aS'UJ (ll.1IlITci;@ffioTr ~ci;ffilTruffiL. L ~~ru ~®6l.I1T as'6OT 6TEilir JDlTru c:§I.§l ur6roffiUJIT ffilT.§l. .1IlffiirULlJD l1lci;ffi6Il'6roL <BUJ l1lL.(bl1lrurulT.§l <B>'DITL.LULlJDrf,jffi6Il'~t.O l@u6'UJIT6'Eilir &,n,>'D6ro6OTffioTr - (llua.dlci;ffioTr Ll~UJ c:§I6roruffi6ro6IT 6JIDU(b~~6OT. 1@>'D~rfu@. l1l6roruUJIT6ITt.O. @~IJ1T~~. Ur§Cfrnj 6TEilir1!)l urul@l1llTl.CffioTr <BU&UJ ~,n,~UJirffioTr ~®,n,i!DIT~t.O. I@U®t.OUlTEilir6rol1luJ'6OTir i!DtDWirffi6ITlTffi ~®.ID>'D ffiIT0"6i:lIJl~>'DlTru ~~UJirffi6Il'Eilir l@ulT.§lI@l1lITl.CUJlTffi "i!Durw" 6JID1!)Ici;l@ffilTm6ITUuLL ffilTruffiL.Lt.O ~.§l. 1@~IT6'Eilir 6l.I®6roffi l1lruITUJIT >'Durl,Pirffi6Il'Eilir 6l.I1TW&1ru l@u®t.O ~®ULl(!P61ll6OTUJlTffi c:§I6rol1l,n,>'D.§l.

§S'!IIT 6ll'L ~ UJ ffiffi~ ~IT ffiffi~ ffi6IT :

c:§IID'@lir c:§Im6i:llJl1T. ~® 6lJ.ffi. <BUITEilirJD6l.Iirffi6Il'Eilir Ll~UJ i!DurW I@CflTrorulTLruffioTr l1lruITUJIT~ i!Durl,Pirffi6Il'6!ir 6l.I1TW6lJru l@u6'UJ l1lITIDJDrf,jffi6ro6ITci; I@ffilTm(b 6l.I,n,i!DEm. i!DurW 6l.Il.Cci;ffiru6lJ ffiIDJD6l.Iirffi@)ci;@ <Bl1l6roLffi6Il'ru Ll~UJ I@CflTrurulTLruffi6ro6IT ~6l.IirffioTr ~®6l.I1Tci;aS'~ i!D,n,>'DlTirffim. 1@l1lITW'uJ'Eilir Ll~ u6'l1l1T6i:lIJl~~ID@ ~®6l.ItEilir 6Tc!:p~.§lt.O <BUa.dlt.O 1@u6'~ 6l.Il.C<BffilT~Em.

1969 - ffi6Il'ru ffi6roru@lir (Yl-ffi®6i:lIJl1T~~uJ'Eilir <BUa.dlt.O 6Tc!:p~~ ~6ro6ITUJ >'D6roru(Yl6roID6roUJ >'D~ Ll~UJ

6l.IJ.t2.6l.I~~ID@ .@L.(ba. I@CfEilirJD6OT. uO"ITCfci;~. l1l<B6OTITffi!l1T <BUlTEilirJI) ~6ro0"UuLrfuffi6Il'Eilir 6l.ICfEmrfuffim j)rurut.O <B>'DlTg,lo <BUdlt.O 1@l1llTlPUJlTffi l1l1TID'UJ.§l.

1949 - t.O clt!>m(b ~~UJIT dli!DiD~ut.O c:§I6lllL6l.Ii!DID@ (!P6lirLl 6JIDuLL dli!DiD~U <B6l.Im6lJu!l6!ir i!D1Tci;ffirfuffi@Dlo ~rf,j(llffi >'D6roruffilTL.J.t2.Em. (ll.1Ili!DIT~ dlUIT~ Cf,n,~!l<BUlTW c:§I6rol1l~>'D ~iD~UJ <Bi!D&UJ ~O"IT~&.I~~ru uru l1lruITUJIT~ i!Durl,Pir ffioTr ~6ro6i:llJl,n,.§l U6OOl'UJITIDID'6OTlTir ffim. ~ci;ffilTruffiL.L~~ru 1@i!DITl.CIDCfrfuffiQ;P.il >'D6!DQ)I@UJ(bci;>'D~. ffi6lJ6ro>'D. coL.(b6!Dll. ffi6ro>'D 6TEilirJD c:§I6IT6lJru 6Tc!:pci;.§lt.O ~ir ~>'Dl1llTffiU UUJ6liru(bci;>'DUuLL.§l.

194~ - t.O clt!>m(b ~umLIT6l.I~ LruffiU<BUlTir 1@>'DITLrfuaS'UJ ffilTruffiL.Lci;~ru ~ruci;aS'w Lu!lir6lJ(blo ~6roruu!lro ~®,n,>'D.§l 6TEilirI!)li!DITEilir I@CflTruru<B6l.Im(blo. 1@>'DITW'IDCfrfuffilo. I@ffilTt.Ol4601'E1UL. ~UJci;ffilo. ~~UJ <B>'D&UJ ~0"1T@lJ6l.Ilo 6TEilirID &.I6!Dffiu!I6iJ c:§I.§l i!DEm.§l Urfu6!Dffia. I@Cf§;lJci;~UJ.§l 6TEmrulTlo.

1949 - t.O clt!>m(b ffi6i:llJlU~ 6T6OrJD ~6ro6IT@lir ~aS'ru c:§IUCflTru ~~aS'~LUuL.LlTir. ffit.Ol46ll1'WL. 6TEilir1!)ll.iJ <Bi!DCf6lJ<BO"ITi!Da. Cfci;~ 6TEilirl!)llo @IDJDlo CfITL.J.t2. ~6lJ6!DU ~aS'ru c:§IUdl ~~aS'~L.L.§l. ~<BUIT.§l j)6!D6IT@lUlTu!I®.ID>'D ffi6roru@lir (Yl.ffi®6i:lIJl1T~~UJ6lJirffi6h "ffiu!lIDID'ru 1@>'DlTrfuaS'UJ ffi6i:llJlU~" 6TEilirJD J:9IT6roru 1@6lJ6I1'u!IL.~lTir· ~~ffilTruffiL.Lci;~ru l1l6roJD(Ylffil1llT6OT trso 6Tc!:p~.§l~ffioTr ~®6l.I1TaS'~ 1@i!DITW'IDCfrf,jffiU Uci;~t6roffiffi6l1'ru 1@&.I611'&JiD>'DEm. ffi6i:llJlU~u!lEilir l1l6roJD&:J ~0"6!J6l.i l1lci;ffioTr l1l6OT~ru Ll~UJ &,n,>'D6roEmffi6ro6IT 6lJ6ITirci;i!DEm. ~ci;ffilTruffiL.Lci;~ru i!Durl,Pffi~~ru ffi6lllru@lir @lLl'ru6!ir c:§I6lJirffioTr ffi6i:llJlU~ .§lTci;aS'~LUUL.L I@CftU~6roUJ ffi6lJ6roi!DUJlTffi 6Tc!:p~lLl'®iDi!DlTir. ~i!Dci; ffi6lJ6!Di!Du!lEilir i!D1T~ffi(Yl.iJ ffi6roru@lir (Yl.ffi®6i:lIJl1T~~uJ'Eilir "ffilLl'IDID'ro 1@i!D1Trf,jaS'UJ ffi6i:llJlU~"l4t.O c:§I~ffilTruffiL.Lci;~ru ~rfu(llffi 6Tc!:pci;~6!ir <B6lJffici;6ro>'Dci; ~mJ.t2.6OT. ~® &.6lJ.@ULlCflTur c:§I6lJirffi6Il'Eilir "~UUlT6ll1'UJir rulT~ffiULJru 6JC!:P .1Il1TL.ffim ", "~UJ<!D';'@ tf® 1@&.IJ.t2.@m(b" (llurrEilirID &~UJ 6roffiUJL~ffi @Troffi6ro6IT 6Tc!:p~ 1@6lJIilMLLlTir.

U6mL uLJ'ruffiffi'UJ~ CB§)ITIDIDlo :

1888 - ~ro d'rfuffiUl..I,O'ru (Yl>'Dru &l!)lffi6roi!D 6TC!:Pi!DUuL(boTr6!J.§l. <BCf@ l1l@~ CfIT1l.jLl 6TEilirU6lJir >'D1T<BEm clt!>&6'UJUlTffi ~®iD.§l .1IlLITci;~UJ "&rfu6roffi(ll.1IlCf6!ir" 6TEilirJD Uci;~t6roffilLl'ro "6lJGS.1IlITi!D CfloUIT~Em" 6T6!irJD &1!)1 d'1!)I L6ro0"UJITLro 1@i!DITLirffi6ro6IT 6Tc!:p~ 1@6l.I6Il'uJ'L.LlTir· ~.§l (YlQjl6rol1lUJIT6OT &l!)lffi6ro>'D 6lJJ.t2.6l.It.O I@UJDIT6lJL.LIT~t.O. tf® d'1!)Iffi6ro>'DlLl'Eilir c:§I6rol1lULJru .@®,n,i!Di!DlTffi ~® . .1Il.GSffilT6lJ,n,i!DCflTur @J!5'uLJ(baS'JDlTir· >'D~ I'1i4l:)I .1Ilru~ruffi~~ru &1!)Iffi6roi!D 1917 -t.O ~(b i!DITEilir (YlQjl6rol1lUJITEm <B>'DITIDJD~.§lLEilir 6lJiDi!D.§l. 6lJ.GS6lJ.dl. ~UJ6'6!ir ffi6roi!DffiGS6IT (Yl(Yl6!DLOIIJITEm &1!)Iffi6!D>'D 6lJl{2.&.I6!Dl1lULlL6!ir &.I,n,>'DEm 6T6Or1!)l Uru®lo @iD'uLJebaS'JDlTirffim.

l1lGSruUJIT6lJ~t.O 1917-t.O ~l{2.ru .1Il1T6l.Iro ~ru~aS'UJlo GS6lJir ~ffi~ 1@>'DITLrfuaS'UJ.§l. ~iDi!D clt!>ml{2.Q,

dl.GS6l.Irf,jffiLO"~~6OTt.O 6TEilirU6lJir 6Tc!:p~UJ "ffi®6i:lIJlITffiO"Eilir c:§Iruru.§l ffilT>'D~Eilir l1l1TL.&" 6TEilirJD .1Il1T6l.Iru 1@6l.I6Il'6l.I,n,.§lm6IT~. ~<Bi!D ffilTruffiL.L~~ru d'l!)lffi6roi!Dffi@!>lo 6lJ,n,.§loTr6ITi!DlTffi LITci;Lir ~UIT. i!DmLIT1I.j~lo i!DEm.§l clt!>tU6lJru CJiL!Di4oTr6lTlTir·

1917(Yl>'Dru 1930 6l.I6ro0" uru(ll6l.l1!)l ffi6ro>'DffioTr .@rf,j(llffi &l!)lffi6ro>'D 6l.IJ.t2.&1ru 6TC!:Pi!DUuL.LIT~t.O. l1lruITUJIT l1lm6OOl'Eilir l1l6i:llJl(Ylt.O. .@rf,j(llffi 6l.IITW,n,>'D >'Durl,PJj'Eilir 6l.IITW6l.j - 6Je5ffit.O- c:§ILci;@(Yl6roJD - <BUIT6OrJD6ro6l.ll4t.O ~c5ffi6ro>'Dffi6Il'ru LJO"~Uroci;ffiUUL6lJru6roru. c:§IUGSurr6roi!DUJ ffiITruffiL.L~~ru ffi6roi!D 6Tc!:p~UJ6lJirffioTr c:§I6ro6OT6lJ®t.O i!DurW.1IlITL.l{2.ru ffiQ,6lJ ffiIDJD ~6roru ~®,n,i!D ffiIT0"6i:lIJl~i!DITru ~>'D~ ffi6ro>'Dffi6Il'ru >'Dr§6roCf l1lm@lJt.O I@>'DEilirurrml{2.~ I@>'DEilirJD~GSl1l 6lJd'6OT .

• "i!DurW <B.1IlCf6!ir" U~~!l'6roffi 19~4 - ~ru l1lruITUJIT6lJru <Bi!DIT6!irID' ~6!ir1!)l 6lJ6roU I@6lJIDajlffiUl1llTffi .lJ)LiD.§l 6lJ®aS'!D.§l. :'f>L,n,i!D 76 clt!>mebffi6Il'ru c:§I.§l uru 6TC!:P~>'DIT6ITirffi6ro6lT 6lJ6lTir~.§l 6lJL.L.§l. @ajlUUlTffi c:§Il1lO"ir (YlC!!I@ dluLJO"l1lmUJEilir ffiITru~~ru u6l.jm U6'dl~ ~L.Lt.O ~t.OLJci;ffiUUL.(b &l!)lffi6ro>'Dffi®~@~ >'DrfuffiU U>'D~ffit.O &.II,PrfuaS'UJ.§l. &1!)Iffi6ro>'Dffi@D~@ ~,n,.§l l@&.Im6Il' CfEilirl1lITEmUJ >'DO"UuLL.§lt.O d'l&.ltEilir ffiITruci;~ru >'DITEilir.

8

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1946-ru 6,!.6TtiJ.6TW . .@UlrlT~ 6T6OrU6l..1U "ffi&DL~ &Uu~ ffim6OOTu" 6T6OrJD d'WIffi&D~ci; 6)~lT@U&DU 6)&J6Il'111L.LlTU· c::§!cf,ffilT6\)ffiL.Lci;~ru QPaUGI.5'W !!"'6OOf&Jffiilffi6ll'~tO. uruB'Ir~a. ffi6OlLffi6ll'~tO ~~!Jlffi~~6I.5'®ID~ 6)ffilTmCb6l..llrUuL.L ~~W QPaU613tO 6)~lT~lT61TUffiEir ~ID~ dlLcf,@ C!P6OlJDcf,@ ~uL~IDl'DlTirffiEir. ~ C!J)LJITdru B'tOU6II{!P!il Eill'CbC!P6OlJD j)rurulT~ .ID'&Drul4tO. ffi6OlL~ B'&DLOUJruffilTlrU B'&DLOs:b~s:b ~(!f>tO d1161T&j~ B'lTUurrCbtO. j)&JUa:;6Il'6Or L060T !!...6Ol6lT~",ruffi6!D611 C::§!~ffiLOlTcf,ffi'6OT. dMUUJ{2. CB&J~&D6OTffiEir 6)&JItLa.@tO 6)urr(ylCB~ c::§!&D&J j)rua.ffi'UJLOlTffiU tJJI)tf.ffi'6Or JD6OT.

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l{2..6TaU <'3'mQ,PffitO 6T6OrUruh ~lrlTffi j)®ID~ "l'DtflW~diLU" 6T6OrJD .i)~&D!Jl IDLs:b~6OTlTU· 2..EirIDlTL.Cb 6T(yls:b~lT6IIUffi6ll'6Or U&DLlJLjtf.ffi&D611 un.:.Cb<BLO 6)6l..I~6l..1~ 6T6OrJD <BIDlTtf.ffi~~ru .i)Ji;~ .il~w IDLs:b~UUL.L~. d'gJffi&D~a.@ C::§!~ffi (Yld;ffi'UJs:b~6l..ItO ~nUuL.L~. ~6OT~ (Yls!Dru $~~ IrlT~lT~ 6T(yl~UJ "d'WI~6Ol~1116Or dil.WJffiEir" 6T6OrJl) ffiLQ,fi:Illl&DUJ tJ!!dill's:b~~. ~6OT~ e!:P6OrJ!)lT6l..1~ .i)~!,Olru d'WIffi&D~U <BurrL.ItL&DUJII..jtO j)®us:b&D~ID~ 6)&JEir6ll'u ulffi:l)~ ~~ c::§!ID'Eill's:bI'D~. c::§!a.ffilT6\) ffiL.Ls:b~si:> .i)Qbus:bfi:l)~~ 6)&J6Jsf. 6T6OrU~ ttf~u6)ulfUJ 6)!%llT&D~<BUJ.

9

~u5'W8c9iL!f'ru Q6l.J6Ii'6l.Jre~ a;&l)~a;6!l'ru ~. lDlTa;w6!ll'Eir (U'IDa;lTru~!!l5'ru d!&l)LOCfCflJ, 6l.Ja:.~ru, u~!!l5'!f'&l)a; ~&!f'lLJh) "asIDU~a:.asUUL.L LOIT6OOT6lJ", L560flTL.&ul'Eir "'ir®lDlT6IT a;1T~ru", <BL6lJL.l{2.Eir "L!I'&l)LO L6OTa:.<Bas", 6lJL01Ta;6!ll'6Or "~!f'~~lJa:. @b9re&l)~", &l)u<BlJlT~ lDlTlJlTlLJ6OOT6!ll'Eir "as6lJ@J6!ll'Eir 6l.JlTwa:.6O)a;", GM1~~U'6Or "lLJITh @IDID6l.J1T6Ii'?", "a;<B6OOTCf6!ll'Eir 'as&l)~lLJlT?" ~a9lLJ6O)6l.J @ID'UU'L.Cb8 QCflTruru <B6l.J6OOrl{2.lLJ&l)6l.J.

&l)u<BlJlT~ IbITlJITlLJ600TEir d[6l.J~as6IT ~~ ~u5'W8 arL6O)lJ LOrulTlLJlT6lJEir "L06OOl'cf,QaslTl{2." 6T6Or<BID @ID'UU'Cba96OrIDIT~. 1960 - ~ru LOrulTlLJlT &mra;&l)~ ~rua:.a9lLJ~!!l5'Eir 6UU6l.lITIDa5'ru (lPffia9lLJ ~®ULi(!JlQD6OTlLJ1T@Lo.

~u5'w <BlDCfEir u~~!f'6O)asuJru c9iU. IbITlJITlLJ600TEir d!6l.J~as@!lLo 6O)u<BlJlT~ IDITllITlLJ600TEir d!6l.J~as@!iLo "a;&l)~ &J@~" 6TEirID u@!!l5'&l)lLJ lDL~!!l5'=has6IT. as&l)~ 6TCl;!l~6l.J~ 6rUUl{2., 6TEirID ~~U uuJID& 6l.J@~, use d'IDre~ 6TCl;!l~~IT6IT~a;&l)6IT L®6l.JITa:.a9lLJ~. 6l.JlTlJlT6l.JlTlJLo ~u5'W <BIbCfEir u~!!l5'!I'6O)asuJru as&l)~as&l)6IT Q6l.J6!l'uJL.Cb d[6l.JID!D'6Or @&l)ID IE&l)IDas&l)6IT8 diL.l{2.a:.asITL.l{2. ~lJ6OOrCb IblTlJlTlLJ6OOTEiras@DLo IbL~!!l5'lLJ UuJID&, 6TCl;!l~~IT6ITha;@!ia:.@ ~6l.J~L.Cb6l.J~ITa; d!&l)LOre!!l5'®re~~· aru. IblTlJlTlLJ6OOTEir. asre~CfITu5' 6l.J1T~~IT~ 6T6OrID QUlLJ!f'~Lo, &l)u<BlJlT~ IDITlJITlLJ600TEir (.lDl{2.ash lJ6lJa.Cfre!!l5'lJ6!ll'6Or d[6OOr6OOT6Or) 6UlT6OTLoUITl{2. 6T6OrID QUlU!I'~ ~UuuJID&a;&l)6IT .IDL~!!l5'6OT~.

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&IbI&l)a; ~u5'W(!P!lc9i 6l.JlTlJLo <B~lTl!)ILo "LOIT6OOT6l.J~ L06OOl' LOEirIDLo" 6TEirID ~6!ll' d[l:9JUre~~&l)~ Q6l.J6!l'a:.QasIT6OOrCb 6l.Jre~~. ~u5'WUU6IT6!l'uj'ru Ul{2.~~a:. QasIT6OOrl{2.®re~ uruh ~!!l5'ru a;6O)~, a;L. Cb&l)lJ , as6lJ&l)~a;6IT 6TCl;!l~ ~LoU'~~IT~a;6IT. ~re~ LOIT6OOT6l.J~ LOEirID<BLO U'IDaslTru~!!l5'ru Qu!l'lLJ 6TCl;!l~~IT6IThas6IT L®6UIT@6l.J~ID@ ~~~6ITu5'L.L~. <BlJ·a;lTh~~a;a;, CfIT.~.d[EirUIT6OTre~Eir, 6O)Cf.U'~C!Jla>LoLO~, a;.a9®~6OOTCfITu5', c!p.~~ru ru~~u, <!p®6O)aslLJEir, C!Jla>LoLO~ ILIc9iU, 6Tlo. @LOlJ6Or, c!p.d[EirLi8QCfru6l.JEir, &l)LO~. e9iru~ITEir ~6OTIJL.Cfa9 ~a9<BlLJlTh L01T6ZIlT&Jh Ul6!Il!'L06OrID~!!l5'ru L®6UlT6OT&Jha;<B6IT.

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j)~IDaY6O)Luj'ru ~u5'W <BIbCfEir u~!!l5'!I'&l)asuJru U6OOl'UJITIDID' 6l.Jre~ @.~a9!1'CfITu5' d[&Jha;6IT IDITCb C!PCl;!l&J~ L6IT6IT 6TCl;!lcii~1T6lJhas&l)6lT ~Eirl!)l !!l5'lJL.CbLo u6OOl'ul'ru R'CbUL.L~LEir "6TCl;!l~~IT6lT~ 6l.JL.LLo" 6TEirID d!QDLOU&l)UlLjLo L®6l.JITa:.aY6OTIT~. as6O)~as6O)6lTciJ ~®~~ Q6l.J6rt'uJL.L~LEir Ibruru 6TCl;!l~~IT6lT~a;&l)6lT d!&l)LlLJlT6lTLo as600rCb d[6l.J~as&l)6IT :!!!!!a:.aswCb~!!l5' 6TCl;!l~ 6O)6l.J~~1T~. d[6l.JC8lJ u5'as8 &IDre~ &l!)Ias&l)~ c::!tI>&!I'UJ~as6!l'ru ~®6l.JlJlTas j)®re~ a;lTlJ6OOT~~lTru ~6l.JQPL6Or QCflLJIDUL.LIT~. ~6l.JlJlTru d!Eirl!)l d!&l)LUJIT6lTLo a;1T6OOTWL.L (Yld[U~ru ru~~u, 6TaU.6lJ.arUU'lJL06OOl'UJEir, 6lJ.Cf.GM1&l)~UJIT, ~lJITCf. @6lT6lJb9a;Eir, LOIT.QCf.LOlTlLJC8~6l.JEir, LOIT·~lJlT&l)LOlLJlT, &.6l.Jl{2.<B6l.Jru, @Cf. @6OOT<BCfa;h, &.C86l.J~ar6l.JITu5', &.asLOruIDIT~6Or, U!l'!!l5'~ITCf6Or, &.~EirUlJCf6Or j)6Orl!)llo LO<Brud'UJ &l!)Ias&l)~ 6l.JlJruITIDID'ru ~6lJ~cf,a; C!Pl\2-UJIT~ @UlUha;<B6IT.

1960 -as6!l'ru LO<Bru&lLJ &l!)Ias6O)~ ~6OT~ ~6!ll'~~6l.J d!&l)LlLJlT6lTIbIa;@!iLEir @6l.J6Ii'6l.Jre~~ 6TEirIDIT~Lo,

@a:.a;lTrua;L.L~!!l5'ru !!l5'lJlT6lJL (!,PEir<B6OTIDIDa:. a;wa;~!!l5'6Or 6TCl;!l~~ Ib&l)LlLjLo &~!!l5'®~~ <B&Jo;QPili u5'a; C86lJa;LOITa;U UU&J~ Q~ITLIhI<!B'lLJ~. ~re~~ ~1Ta:.a;Lo, 1970 -@Eir j)l!)I!!l5' 6l.J&l)lJ ~®re~~ 6T6OTruITLo. ~~a;6Ii'ru (Yld[EirLi8@Cfru&J6!ll'Eir &l!)Ia;&l)~lLjLo, enb. @LOlTlJ6!ll'Eir a;&l)~ILILo d[!D'@J~ d[6OOr6OOT1T6lJ6Or a;1T@,&u u~!!l5'!I'&l)o;uJru @&J6Ii'6l.Jre~6OT.

<B~ITL.LIhIa;6IT ~6OOrLITLUUL.Cb U1TL.LIT6Ii' 6l.Jha:.a;Lo d[rururu uLL QUlTCl;!l~ <B~&UJ IEru IE!!l5'a:. aru.:.CbID&ja.

CfIhIa;Lo L®6l.JITa9UJ~. Q6l.J6IT6O)6lTlLJ~a;6!l'LI.fl®re~ C8~ITL.LIhIa;&l)6lT 6l.JITIhI<!B', d[IhIC8a;C8UJ Q~IT~rulT6ITha;6IT aru.:.CbID&j QP6roIDuJru U6OOl'lLJITIDID d!LOlJh ~Eir. CfLoUre~Eir u5'a;u Qu!I'UJ u6OOl'UJITIDa5'=h. ~6OOrLITLru d!6l.JruIhIa;@DLo a;6O)~a;6ITlTas IB&l)IDUJ Q6lJ6Ii'6lJre~6OT.

&l!)Ia;&l)~a;6IT u~!!l5'!f'&l)a;ul'ru Q6l.J6rt'6l.Jre~IT~Lo d[6O)6l.J wr~®6l.JLo QUl!)l6l.J~ u5'6; d[!I'~lTasC86l.J ~®re~~· ~re~ IB&l)ruuJru 6TCl;!l~~IT6lT~a;6IT cru.:.LITa;8 C8Cf~re~ ~IhIas6!l'Eir as6O)~a;6IT Qa;1T6OOrL Q~IT@ULia;&l)6ITa:. QasIT6OOrCb6l.Jre~lT~as6IT. c::!tI>~6lJh QCf. @6OOT<BCfa;~ "IE&l)6OTfilJEir IEWru" 6T6OrID ~6OT~ QCflTre~~ Q~IT@U6O)U QCf6Or6O)6OT, aULlTh U'lJarlJ~!!l5'Eir 6l_,l~lLJITa;& QasIT6OOrCb6lJ.ID~IT~. c!p.d[U~ru ru~!!tU "L06!ll'~ Q~tU6l.JLo" 6T6OrID Q~IT@U&l)UlLjLo, d'.6l.Jl{2.C86l.J~ "6l.J6IT@D6l.J!I'Eir a;1T~~" 6T6OrID Q~IT@U&l)UlLjLo, ~lJITCf. ~6IT<!p®@, "LOru~ LOIhI&l)as", L06OOl'&J6OOr6ZllTEir, "~lJ ~~" 6TEirID Q~IT@U&l)UlLjLo @as1T6OOrCb 6l.J.ID~IT~a;6IT.

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Q~IT@ULi&a;&l)6lT trso 6TCl;!lcii~IT6lT~as6rt'6Or U&l)LlJLi&a;C86lTITCb Q6l.J6rt'uJL.LIT~. 6Tlo. @LOlTlJ6!ll'Eir "&6OT& a9W6l.JEir" Q~IT@~Lo, ~~ C8IDlJ~!!l5'ru UIl&JQ)ITa;U C8UCfUUL.L Q~IT@UUIT@tb.

10

1960 -eo6ll'ru ~LBw<B6l.Jm. <BeoIT.B'ITlr~eoUlT6I:Xl!' lIlL~~UJ "~LBW~ ~®lIlITm "lIJITQ, C!Jl<!96l.J~W j}ruffiafuJ 6T(yl88'6!DUJ 2._&i;Q,U6OOr6l:Xl!'UJ~ 6T6OTruITW. ~WI@6l.JIT® ~!l'~w 1I16OlLI@UID!D ~LBW~ ~®lIlITm 6lJWIT&16iJ 8'l!)Ieo6!ll~, eo6lJ6!ll~ <BUITL':'l\Uf>m lBa.B'UJLOITeo j}LwI@UID!D6OT. ~~ror eoITlrEmTLOITeo, uru<B6l.J1!)I 6T(yl~~IT6I1~eom 6TruruIT j}L~eo6ll'~ <BUlTL.~eo6ll'ru eoru.d;~ l@eoIT6OOrQ, u!fdieom I@UID!D~ ~® Lj!D(!:Iio, u!fdi I@UID!D eo6!ll~ - eoL.Q,6!lllreom, u~~!l'6!lla;a;6Il'c;U t.J!!di!f'ffieoUuL.L LOI!)IL.j!!J(!:Iio 1I16!llLl@uID!D~ITru, ~ruffiaS'UJ Lrueow ~l!)IlIl6!llL <BUlTL.L eoITrueoL.LW j}~ 6T6OTruITW.

LO<Bru5'UJ 6T(yl~~IT6I1~ B'~eo(!:lio LOruITUJIT urueo6!llruffieoWeo(!:lio j)6!llEmT.d;~ eoruaS' eo®~~lr~@ ~ror6!ll!D IDL-~~UJ~. ~IlJ<BUlT6!ll~UJ ~~UJ~ ~6Ol!D~ ~6!llru6l.JlrITeo ~®.d;~ <BU!!IT8'!f'UJ~ ~6Ol'1IlITUJeo ~m ~~ co(!!>~~lr~aS'66r ~UJITeo ~ruffiafuJ~~ffi@ ~® Lj~UJ ~U~6!ll~ 6JIDID'6OTIT~ 6Trorl!)l~ITror I@B'ITruru <B6l.J6OOrQ,W. ~~ t.aL.Q,LOc;UruIT~ dM6l.J~ eoITru~~ru<BUJ (!,OI:Dru ~LBWITlrITtU88' LOITlIlITQ, <BeoITruITruw~ru 1I16!llLI@UID!D~· ~~ror eoITlrEmTLOITeo uoo<B6l.JJ!J lIlITL.Q,~ ~LBWJ!5'@l~eo6ll'ror I@B'ITIDI@UITW'6l..jeo6!ll6l1ffi <BeoL.eo6l..jW, ~6\)ffiaS'UJ~~ror Lj~ui u!fLOITEmT~eo6!ll6l1 2._EmT~.d;~ l@eoITm6l.J~ID@W 1964 - ~ru ~LwI@UIDJI) j}WLOITlIlITQ,W 2._~6lJ Lj!f'.d;~~. 8'l!)Ieo6!ll~ujror ~L.U~eom, LOIDI!)IIil ~!D6OTITtU6lJror dl&Jd'UJIi.Jeo6!ll6l1l4W 2._EmTlr8 l@B'tU~~.

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11

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48 uci;~tD, U'lI~uJmr &l'6CJOO ~.60 rt'ir~L., c§l6IJ6l.I19X!!l6 CJ'tE. ISSN: 1511-7766

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fi)5Oa.i6'wIJ. ~oo~~ ~IT(!P6ir6IJ ~t.nlP~~ (j)®UllT~ j)~~). ~6CJOO6CJUl ~!l'UJir 6J.6Tmr.~.m~, r6'U&JlT~ ~cf'!l'UJir ~ . .!DL!rrr~, @UlTl!)lUurrcf'll'UJir ~ ~<8tmCJ'mr, ~6O"ltm ~!l'UJir L.j6\)&Jir ~UlIlT~ ~lIlT6l.I~~ir, L.joo&Jir CJ'tDU~lIlT~,. @&JoTI'tdL.LlTGlTir Ilakkiya Anbu Thesam, No.3, Tingkat Atas, Taman Berjaya, Jalan Tazali, 32000 Sitiawan, Perak, Malaysia (e-mail: a_world99@hotmail.com)

98 Uc9:,~UJ, U'IT~uJ6Or Q\'6O"lOO 3 !l'ir~L., ~6IT6l.j 18Xl~.5 CJ'tE.

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24

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Jalan Kasipillay, Off2 1/2 mile, Jalan Ipoh, 51200 Kuala Lumpur. (Tel. 03-23810193/4)

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!!ti'®(Yl6O).!D i}6ID8'!!bs!DI.bW !!ti'®uu!!ti'~rbJ~Eir. ~UlDI..jIJUJ u. a;61.1ITLBlDIT!!P&ir (~6O)6\)6lJU), lO<Bood'ILJIT - ~®(!:Il6Ol1D @)6O)",6~lO'b9 6l.l!'purrL.Cba:. @cyJ. uEir6ll1'® ~®QJl6lll1D 6l.l6flU5& 6OJlOW. CBa;ITruITruulI..ilr. 16lJ~ U~UI..j. 6JUIJru 1999. (Malaysia: Percetakan Ambiha Sdn.Bhd., Puchong, Selangor)

!4 U&a.w. 6l.l'6O)OO ,@}OO61.1",Lo. dIII6IJ&j 19.6Xl3 ",tl5.

lDrrru61.1U dIII®6Il'llJ s:&®uus:&a;Iiua.6i1 s:&®QJl6lll1D il6O)"'6~LBb9 ~ &IDUl..jlOrulIITffi 6J&161l'uJLUuL..L~. !!ti'®(Yl6O).!D8 &.llis!D6ID6m~6h. CB~6l.ll;!,us:& .IDLIJrr~IT .lO<Bood'llJIT - lOOOITllJIT dIII®6iII@lD.a5'6 s:&®ffic9it.LLtD. 17. asrrOOITEir 1@",50CBCflITU. 68100 CBa.rrOOITootD~. 161.1~ us:&UI..j. ~61.16ZlOi' 1991.(Malaysia: Thirumakal Printers Sdn. Bhd, 6th Mile, Puchong)

(8), 94 U50ffiUJ. 6U'6O)OO LITOOU 3.00. d1116fl&{ IIXl4"'~.

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urua;6O)OO50ffiWffi~~lir ~s:&llJ ~tU6l1llJru ~6O)1Du.l'ru u6ZlOi'llJITIDmrUJ ~&!1'llJU 6TcyJ~llJ ~®(!:Il6OllDffioir uIDlffllJ ffiL.Cb6OJIJffi6ll'Eir l@~rr@ul..j ~~6l.lrr@tD. ~®QJl6OlIDu.l'Eir 6JU®6OJlDffi6O)6IJ dIIIlff.n,~ 6Ja;IT6il6IJ&{Lo. S:&®(!tlQlllDUUITLrua;6i1 ufDrD dl!Jl,9lOITM &.n,s:&a:.a;&{UJ ~.n,lYfru ~6OJ6OOl l..j!fu.ltD.

6)s!DIT6IDffiUJl.(lu.mh· 6TGPJ6!I)rr@lIUJ UW6ll1'llJUU6Or (6J!!pIT@UUIT&!l'llJU~ lOCBrud'ILJrr - U6Or6ll1'® i!5'®(!:Il6Ol1D 6l.l6flU5& 6O)lOtIJLo. 68, Jalan Kasawari 5, Taman Eng Ann, 41150Kelang. 161.1~ us!l9UI..j. 6]W(rru 1001. (Malaysia: Percetakan Bintang, Perindustrian Maju Jaya, Puchong)

xv, I!O Ua:.ffitD. a;mrul..j. 6l.lm61JZll6!!pa.Cbco6h. 6U'6OJOO lOCBrud'tIJ !!,Iiuffi'L. 10. dIII6IJ&j IOXl4",tl5.

ai.Ib!!bIJ~u6s:& lDITllJ6OfIT!1'6Or s:&®s:ii6J!!brrmLU l@!!prr6OJffiuJro @.a5'&CfluuCbtD &&J6Of~llJITua;oir &ru6OJIJ I@!!pIT6OJa;~llJITU (dIII~llJrrh crn.L.LUJ) 6TEirmr 6l.lwrru@w ~® lOlIl..j il®a:.ffi'6OrID~· ~6iJ@61.1rr® ~LlDrrffi. ~® d'IDUI..ja:. ffi1TlI61JZllW uw.a5'ffi a;®!!bwuCbtD dIII~llJrr1rCfl6il @lOIT6~UJ ~Eiru~ crn.L.Ls:ii!!PITU. !!p6ll1'tIJ~llJrru d1111!)Jus:ii~ eYlEirmr CBuu ~ @lOITs:ii!!PLo 6T@us:iiS:&(r61irCb 6T6Ormr lDITllJ6Orl!lrr6O)!Ia:. a;61JZlla:.a5'(b&J~ lOlll..j· dIII.n,~ lO(rI..ja:.@U UW601l!lllJIT6Of ~~IT!TLo j}roruIT6OJlOtIJITru. j}.Ji:,!!b 6Tm6ZlOi'';;6OJCfl "'Ij'llJIT. @~IT6O)a;tIJ~llJITU ~6OrU~ 6l.l&lla. !!bIT6Of1T? 6T6Or1D ~llJ(!P.O dIII~ uID.a5'llJ Cfl®6~u u!flOITIDID(YIi:l ~ooa:.ffi'llJ dIII.a5'€DU. Cflrol@61.1L.Cb ~tU61.1IT6IJu. &1lIOOITWIDIT&!i'llJuco6h ~ffi'CBllJIT!f6O)L<BtIJ ~LUJl@uwmr 6lJ®ffi'EirD)~. d1116lJUCfl6IJ~ eo®6~a:.Cfl6O)6IJs:ii 6l!!pIT@s:ii~UJ !!p6Of~ ~tU6U'ro a;61irL l..j~tIJ Lm6O)lOa;6OJ6IJ5 CB"'u6~tD ~lYfro ~CfluuL..Cb6il6IJ~· c:§l6O)6lJ 6l!!brr6OJa;llJ~llJrru 6Tm6ZlOi'&6OJCfl ~6OrU~ ~ITEir 6T6OrU6OJ!!p LmrS:&6l",ti.J1LjtD 6l.l6OJeouJru d1116O)lO.d;~6iI61J~. ~1Yf~ru !!bIT!!ITa;!l&CBCflITu.l'ru &wurrua;6IT6Or rBwwULIiuffi6O)6I!1LjtD. @~IT6O)a;tIJ~ITU ~6iJQ6lJIT®6lJ&DllU uw!J5'tqUJ dIII&DlO1LjW iltIJ<BOOITCb .@l6O)6OOl6~oir6fl6O)lO &!DUurr 6ZlT~.

lbITEir<Bs!DITmrw U§8'L . ..j~IT6OmW. s:&®UulIIiu@EirIDUJ CBa;. a;ULJlIlO6ZlOi'tIJ6Or (6)~@uurr&!fILJh). CBa;ITOOITruw~ ~ lOffi1T l!lrr!i'llJtDlO6Or CB~61.1GPJ!!bIT6OftD. 163. asIToorrEir ~Eir 6T5.6TGPJ. 613 .• 60000 I&J~ U~I..j. as6Of61.1Ij' !ool.(Malaysia:

Jaya Bakti, 26,28,30&32 Wisma Jaya Bakti, Jalan Cenderuh 2, Batu 4, Jalan Ipoh, 51200 Kuala Lumpur) 40 ua:.a;UJ. 61160)00 c:§lEiru6ll'UI..j. c:§l6IJ&j 18Xl3"'~.

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~~61.1~IDCBa;ID!D&Jrrn:JI Q!!bIT@a:.a;uQuWID U@J"'l..jlIIT6OOlUUITLrua;6iI. dIIItD\J6O)a. QjJ(!!)Cfl6Or UITLroffi6OJ6fl& Qffi1TmL~.

(!JlI:bruITQI~ tD<Bru&UJ !!ti'®tD.Ibs:e~ tDITlbITCD· CB!!b61.1l;!,u~ lDL!!rr83rr (6)!!bIT@Wurr&!fllJU)· l!lCBOO&llJIT' - lOCBoo&tIJ ~.Ib~ ",Ji,ja;tD. iloo.8, Jalan Duku, Kampung Kasipillai 51200, <Ba.IToorrruLo~. 161.1~ us:&UI..j. lOITh5 1000. (Malaysia: d1115mh 6l.l'!.JlItD @ID'ULJLUUL6U'ro6O)ru)

xxiv, 118 Ua:.CflW. 6lJm6Wf6 !!pa;Cbffi6il. EilJ6O)OO dlllEiru6ll'UI..j. c:§l6IJ&{ !6Xl8.6"'~.

l!lCBru&llJIT. CBa;rroorrootDI.$ru 10.3.~000 Q!!bITLa:.a;Lo 11.3.!000 &1&DlI lDL.Ih<B~a5'tI.J (};P.:Drurr6lJ~ lO<Brud'tIJ6 ~®lO.ms:&ll lOITlDITL.Cb rSa;W6l..fco6h. coL.Q)&Dllffi6il dlllLiJ~ @~IT~IJI..j.

32

6l . .IIT~lo ~~ 6l.I.Ii;s!&UCBUITlo. 6TaD6lDIT6)!!lo UW601'ILIlJU6Or (6)s!flIT@UUITd'!l'UJn)· lLl<BOOd'UJIT - 6TaD.~.6!lo. UW601'UJW6Or, 31, Jalan SS 1811c, Subang Jaya, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 16l..I~ u~, Bl?'6Or 1997. (Malaysia:

KM Printers, No.9, Jalan Murai Dua, Batu Complex, 51200 Kuala Lumpur) 186 U~lo, 6l..I6COr6OOT~ s!flcoC!>coefl, 6U'6WOO lLl<B6Udiu !l'IbI~ 6. ~6IIEil..j ~IXl4~~.

UIT!!ITUJ6OOT~~a:.@ ~!l'UJ u6lir601'® ~®(!P6O'llDWITLruffiGiJ ~6WlDUJ®efl 6)UIDlD @lIT6Of~loU.D;s!fln C!Ps!flru CB~a:.~I,9ITn R'lDITffi ~®u~~CBUJ<!:p ~®6IIITd'!l'UJnffi6llITru dM®6I1'ir 6)~UJUJu6)uIDlD6W6l..I . .IbITeflCBs!flITron.D (!P6O'llDUJITffiU UIT!!ITUJ6OOTlo U6COr~lo 6l..I6WffiuJru 6)s!flIT@~~ 6)6l..I6I1'uJLu6)uIDrorefl6ll~. 6)UIT®efl ~UJ 6J~6l..Irrffi 6)~rr6Of ~6WJrILllo ~Ji.Jco6W6IIWIDJI1UJ @~lo, ~!l'UJn uIDjffUJ 6l..I!!6I:lrrrorffi@;llo s!fl!!UuLC!>efl6ll6Of.

~UJ l!lJIJlllru~b&. dM6Or6l..llTn ~U!!lTl!M5'lo (~~6I:l e!POOlo), ~~. @lLl6OOT6lir (6) lLllT!#6)UUJnULjl. lLlCB6I:ldiulTlLl<B6I:ld'UJ s!fl~ 6T<!:p~s!fllT6IIn ~IbIffilo, jjaDOOITlflUJ ffiru&J .ID'ror6l..l&rrlo, 16l..I~ U~uLj, ~louh 1997. (Malaysia: Percetakan KM SDN.BHD, 9, Jalan Murai Dua, Batu Complex, Off Jalan Ipoh, 51200, Kuala Lumpur)

138 u~, &J6WOO lLlCBood'UJlT !l'IbI~L.. 10. dM6IIEil..j ~~Xl4.6 ~~.

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6)UIT~6lJIf6Of ~!! ~6I:lffi ~C!Ps!fllTUJlo ~6WlLlUJ CB6lJ6COrC!>lo 6T6Or~lD ~6W6OOTU l..J!!s!fllLl!!~ dI!>6W~ jj.D;~a?ru

U~Eil..ja:.@efl6llm:6'II.lefl6ll~. CBlLlID@, ~1,9a:.6Wffi dMLa:.~ ~611 .ID'6W6Ofa:.coa:. an.L...lT~. dMCBs!fl <B6lJ6W6IIuJro, ~a:.@, s!fl6Of~ ffiL.D;s!flffilT6U ~UUlT6Of ffilTOO601'~~6l..I dM~U6l..IIbICD6IIlTQ) CBlLlID6W~U U6W~~c:!h.l....lT~ 6T6Or~lo <BUIT~@ ~!!Ifro ~.D;~a?ru ffi6WLULJ~a:.ffiUuLC!>oTI6II~.

il® ua,s!&!f6ID&UJIT6IT6D1'lifu urr~6ID6l.ItdGO. ~.6l~ru6lJ!!lT~. lLlCBood'UJlT - ~UJnCB6l..IlTlo, R.G.Centre, IOO-c, 3rd floor, Jalan Masjid India, 50100, Kuala Lumpur, 16l..l~ U~ULj, 1998. (Malaysia: Percetakan Maygen Sdn. Bhd., No.282, Jalan Tun Sampanthan, 50470 Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur)

~ro ~Q!)La:.@u5'Llo V.Selvaraj ,46, Jalan SS4 C/8, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor,

148 U~. &J6W6I:l lLlCB6Ud'UJ !!W~L 16. dM6IIEil..j 17.6Xl;3.",...a. ISBN: 983 99925 5 4

lLlCB6Udiu dM!!d'UJru ~UJnLLJL..LIbIffi6l1'ru u6OOl'UJITIDjffUJ dM~U6lJ 6)6l..I6I1'uUITLlTffi ~®6lJlT6Of ffiL..C!>6W!!ffiefl jj6Ol6lJ.

LUJnCB6lJIflo U~~!l'6WffiuJru R'C!>uLL dM~U6lJ 6lJlTuJOOlTffi ~® U~~!l'6WffiUJlT6II!l'6Or ~e!PCD&l'UJru CB.IblTa:.~ru dM6WlLl.D;s!fl ~6 @rorIbIcoL..C!>6WIl~efl. dM!!diuru, ~6I:la:.~UJlo, ~e!PffiuLJ!!ird'6Ol6Offfiefl, s!fl6W6U6l..IUffiefl 6T6Or~ UIl.D;s!fl ~® ~&JUJro UIlULJru r660rwr j)6l..IID6IDlD ~d'!l'UJn 6T<!:p~oTI6lJ6IDlLl6IDUJ dM6lJs!fllT601'a:.ffi (Yll{2.~lD~·

&!fu.lJbJ&m &.Ii;s:&u.!JbJ&GTr. CBffilT6U'. @LLW6Or. lLlCBood'UJIT - @L..LUU6Or, No.305, Block 2, Jalan PJS 8/9, Bandar Sunway, 46150 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 16l..I~ U~uLj, .Ib6l..llouh sooo, (lLlCB6I:ld'UJlT - CBffi.6Tlo.dMir~ffilo, 9 ~lTOOlT6Or C!JllTlTUJ (96lJlT, U~~ ffiloU6)6lJa:.6Ii:l, 6l~00 CBffilT6I:llT6I:llo~)

90 ua:.oo. 6U'6ID6U LD<Bood'UJ 6)6lJoTI6I1' 10. dM6lJEil..j ~lXl4.6~~. ISBN: 983 4030207

di!'a:.ffiEil..jlo d'.D;~a:.ffiEil..jlo @lT6COrC!>lo .Ib6IDffiira;6m6lJ~ ~~a:.@ffi6Ol6llir <B~n~~~ 6)s!fllT@~~ 6lJI,9IbIffiUuLC!>efl6lJ &J~~UJIT~LOIfQII ~ro ~~.

a'e!:P&b cr~cg&L.lQ..!b@ 6lJ~s!&(blo &IT!!bGO l!l6!l1lT6l.IITW&6mCf, @w.Ii;6m~ 6l.I6IT~uL.j: &ffi&@Ilo ~~61ilo. CBffi.6J.©6OOTlT. lLlCB6G&llJlT - e§ru t.Ol.(2.UJlT uu6l1'6l)<i;6Ii:l, 32-1-1 Jalan 2/4 B, Bukit Mas, Taman Melawati,53 100, Kuala Lumpur, 16l..l~ U~ULj, Bl?'6Ol00 1999. (Malaysia: Percetakan KM, Kuala Lumpur)

(xxxi), 396 u.:ixblo, &l'6IDOO lLlCBoo&UJ !l'Ji.J~L.. ~3. c:§I6IIEil..j ~1.6Xl4.6 ~~. ISBN: 983-40090-0-3

lLlCB6I:ldiu LLJ&Xir6OOl'ru ~e!Pffiir &i;CBffiC!>COefl 6TIbICBffi, 6TliU6lJlTror .ID'ffiW~6OrlD6Of? 6)UITwrULj UJlTi;? &J®loU~s!flffilTs!fl &i;CBffiC!>ffioTI (!P6O'l6ll~~ 6)~l.(2.UJlTco 6lJ6lJ®6lJs!flID@ UJlTi; UJlTi; L!!u5'LC!>ir 6)~!#a:.ffiir 6)~UJ~lDlTnffiefl? 6T6OrU6Of CBUIT60rlD &J6OflTa:.co@la:.@ ~Eil..j~6lJUllT6Of &J6lJa:.coIbIffi6ID6II~ 6)s!flm6l1'UJ (!P6O'llDuJru s!fl®~lDlTn jj.rl;~OOlTd'!l'UJn· a>lTs!flru, lLlIDron.D lLl6OOT6lJlTWa:.6mffiuJru 6JIDUC!>lo d'a:.coruffi@;llo @6OllDUlTC!>ffi@!>lo, dM6ms!fl~ 6)s!fllTLn.D;~ @1,9.D;6ID~ 6lJ6IInuLJru c:§IOOL..d'UJlo, ~jffUJlT6IDlLl tJ6lir601'ULJ6ID6OOT.D;s!fl .r661DOO~lo ffi6IDLUtJl.(2.a:.ffiUUC!>lo QA:l3'nird'UJIDJD ~~@(!P6O'lJDffi@l)lo 6)U®loUIT6UlT6Of ~e!Pffiir &nCBCD(9ffi@l)a:.@ dMl.(2.lIU6IDLUJITffi dM6IDlLl6lJ6IDs!fl ~UJEil..jffim e!P6\:Ilo &l'6IIa:.~efl6lllT!!.

CB a= IT ID Wi a:,@ l!lL. (bl!l GOru: 6lJUJITurr~ b &rouLJUJGO L.j &@9lo .IB~ 6l.IIT & ~s!& 6) reID' &@9lo. 6)ffilTCB6OflT a;<Bffi lLllTL..@!Jd'~s!fllT ( ~~6\:I e!,P6I:llo)' 6J.6!lo.jj!!§lli>lLl~~efl6lllT~ (~u5'W 6)lLllTiP6lUUJnl.Jt..j) Malaysia: Yayasan Pendidikan

33

m~hsli ~IB!iI ~5\)B.c6'ww

Islam, Iqraa Resource Centre, 29B, Jalan P 1S 10/24, Bandar Sri Subang, 46000 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsam, 16l.J~ U~ULj, ~6O)ru 1999.( Malaysia: Percetakan Sooriya)

190 uci;a;tD, 6lJ'6O)ru @!l5'ULJL.UUL6lJ'ru6O)ru, ~6IJ~ ~lXl4.6 a'~.

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34

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&1OJs!b6rorua:,@U [.j.m~Ul Ul<Brud'Ulci:> s!blflW lDlT&.IOOffi6Tr. B'urru~ <B6Uw<Ba;lTurrru, LC<Bro&lIJIT - ~LCIT u~uua;tD, No.85, Jalan Perhentian, Sentul, 51100, Kuala Lumpur, 16lJ~ U~ULj, 1996.(Thirumagal Printers Sdn.Bhd) xxii, 436 uffia;tD, 6l.l'&ll61J @g5IUtJLuUL6l.l'ru6!Jlro. ~6lT64 ~1.6Xl45r1!. ISBN: 967 910 087

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5JfuffiUU!T6ro&.l: ,i}rua:,c$'Ulci:> Qs!blT@ULj. s1.f;fW.LC6l101'W. LC<Bro&1!JlT - &Jm61l'lIJtD6!JlLC 6l&J61l'tdL.La;tD, 3, !!BlTrolTEiOr 6lUULlT&lfIT 4/2A, i:blTLClTEiOr ~b<B51Tri.J 6lUhLIT&lfIT, 47100, ~a.<BB'lTri., &61JlTilan.jr LlT®ru f;f~EiOr, 16U~ U~Ut..j, 1998. (Malaysia: City Enterprises, No.K-48, Batu Kendonment, 4 112 Mile, Off Jalan Ipoh, 51200, Kuala Lumpur)

36

44+171 u~a;w, Lj6Ola;uULxrua;6TI, 6l.l'6Olru l.C(Brud'u..! !fxruffi'L. I~., c:§I6IT6l:I ~~.~X1~ B't.a. ISBN: 983 99481 0 5)

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~Ld~ ~6rt': 1997. illlIT. illlIT!!BITc6'®6ll<6OOr6lir, <B6)J. B'UlTUs:B' (~!fUJh @~~ l.C<Brud'UJIT - s:Du5'W6)l.CITI.C~ a;wa;w, l.CruITUJITU urua;6Olrua:.a;wa;lo, l.CIT6OOr6)Jh u6lir<B6I!rITa:.@~ a;L.LLW, l.CruITUJITU urua;6O)ru~a;wa;lo, ~0603, <Ba;ITruITrulo~, 16)J~ us:B'ULj, 1997. (Malaysia: Thirumagal Printers Sdn.Bhd., S69, Jalan Dato Haji Dua, Taman Tan Yew Lai, Batu 6, Puehong, 58200, Kuala Lumpur)

(4), 1~4 u~a;w, &J6Olru @JJ1udLUUL&Jru6Olru, ~6IT6l:I M.~X18 B't.a. ISSN:1394-9640.

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~Ld~ ~6rt': 1999. illlIT. illlIT!!BITc6'®6ll<6OOr6lir, .lD.a;Ji;s:DB'ITu5' (~!fUJh @~~ l.C(Brod'uJIT s:DuS'W6)l.CITI.C~ a;wa;lo,

l.CruITUJITU urua;6O)roa:.a;wa;lo, l.CIT6OOr&Jh u6lir<B6I!rITa:.@~ a;L.LLlo, l.CroITUJITU urua;6Olru~a;wa;lo, ~0603, <Ba;ITroITrolotJI, 16)J~ us:B'ULj, 1999. (Malaysia - ~~B'a; &JUlllo @~Ut.1LUUL&Jru6Olro)

(xi), 188 ua:.a;lo, &J6Olro @~UUL&Jru6Olro, c:§I6ll6l:l !4X16.~B't.a. ISSN: 1394-9640.

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I~~ UMlo, ~UJi.Ia;6TI, &J6Olro l.C<Brod'UJ !fxruc6'L. 10, c:§I6IT6l:I 18.~X13B't.a.

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~QJUJlJIID~ru ~®6l.JlJai. a;®.s:B'(6)Jlldi. l.C(Brod'UJIT - QPdJru 6TmLhd6OlllB'aD, 38, Jalan Selaseh, 19, Taman Selaseh, 68100, Batu Caves ,16)J~ us:B'ULj, ~B'louh 1999. (Chennai 600 024: Mithra Book Makers, Mithra Publieations,375110, Areot Road, )

(6), sso u~a;lo, &16Olro @JJ1Ut.1LUUL&l'ru6Olro. -=-6IT6l:I 18X1~B'LJ5. ISBN 1 876626429

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37

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&Q5)fI). LDrurribo;rr lDITo;LD5OOl'. 6)5isr6OlflJr 600024 Mithra Book Makers, Mithra Publications,3751l0, Arcot Road, 16l.!~ U~LJl-l, Jtl.5UJUU 1999. (Chennai 600 024: Mithra Book Makers, Mithra Publications,375/10, Arcot Road,) 14!! uibo;UJ, 6l.l'6Olru ~io~UJ ®urr 36. dMGll&i 18Xl!! 5L5. ISBN 1 87 6626 66 6

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lD(8ru&UJs:b ~u5'Wd:, ~6lJQ5)~d:, coQIt§&w. (!Pl!ai 6).JD(bLDlTJDisr, ~l!lTLD.aiULJuLD5OOl'aJisr (6)s:DlT@Uurr&!l'uJh Malaysia: Arulmathyam Publications, 5 B-A Solok Pulai, Off Jalan Teluk Pulai, 41100 Klang, Selangor, 16l.J~ U~ULj, 1997. (6)5isr6OlflJr 60004!!, 1.D6iJ~sULlT @6)GlllTu6O d155asUJ, 36 -6] <B6l.JGll5<B5!l' Q,Os:Disr6OlLD5 5lT6Olru,) cxiv, 964 uibo;UJ, 6l.l'6Olru ~ ®urr 1100, dIIGll&l !!3.7Xl7 5t.a. ISBN: 983 9922602

(LD<Bru&UJlT6l.l'sP ffi'6OlLib@uS'LUJ 2...LDlT u~Uuo;UJ, 86, !!BlTrulTisr 6)uhibffi'ios:6u.nrisr, 6)5~ru, snoo <Bc!>ITruITW~)

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38

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6lJ6OOr601lTlblcom. co(!!j.I!B'(!!j6l..J!!CIi LO<Bru&UJlT: LlI!B'UJ ~(!PI:OlTUJlc, 90-A, Jalan Brickfields , Kuala Lumpur, 16l..J~ ul!B'l.il...I. ~6l..J!I' 1977, ~6l..J~ ul!B'l.il...I, <BLO 1980. (Malaysia: Pine Art Printers)

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~.a=m~la COQl)a>com. ~.~m(ylCOlc. (j}UJIDQUUJ~ ~. ~m(ylCO!!ciiI!B'6Oflc) LO<Bru&UJlT. JD6l..IQ!!ciiI!B'6OflT 6IEirLirL16Ol!!~sU, 73, ~lTrulT&ir ~&ir ~lcuJh~&ir, 30000 R'U<BUlT, <BU!!lT~. 16l..J~ ul!B'l.il...I, ~00l. (Q~&irEilD6Of 600006:

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(~4), 479 U~colc, 6lJEilDru @.!D'UdLUUL6lJWEilDru. c:§!EIlEilj 18Xl~.6 ~~. ISBN 083 99928

dI!,d'!I'UJ!I'&ir c:§!EiID!! !PITIDlDlTm(b ~ j)ruBx:;}UJ (!PlJIDd'u16Or u!I'lDrr6tXlTciiEilD~~ ~L(blc Q~lT@Uurrco. 44 &J:!)IcoEilD~co~L&ir Q6l..J61l'6l..JJh~mEll~.

j}GITC§l@m;06lJ6Or d'wcoQl)a>com. 6Ilc.6J. j}6IJI€bQ~W6l..J6Or. Chennai 600 0~4: Mithra Publications, Mitra Arts & Creations, 375/10, Arcot Road, 16l..J~ ul!B'uLI, ~~lcU~ 1999. (Chennai 600 024: Mithra Book Makers, Mithra Publications,375110, Arcot Road,)

sss u~colc, 6l.l'EilDru @.!D'UL1LUUL6lJ'roEilDru. c:§!6IJEilj 18Xl~~~. ISBN 1 87 6626 54 2

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(iv), 196 u~colc. 6lJEilDru @n5'UdLUUL6lJ'roEilDru. c:§(EIlEilj ~1.6Xl4~~. ISBN 1 876626852

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39

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a,6OOr6OO!6ID~ J;ha,colTS:;O s:;om.o6ID~. .rBirlLlrolT QU®lLllT6IT. Q86Or&P&ll 600017: Q&J6!DlIuJL.l{2.. QuaUL. IlIl{2.UJlT ~<B8lT&<BUJL.W, .i)ro.7 mlT!!D(!P6Ol' Q!!D(!!J, ~UJlT&lIlTUJm&ir, 1&J~ U~ULl, ~6!ir soos. (Q8&ir6!D&ll 60000S: Scantrans India P Ltd.,425 Panthean Road, Egmore )

ISO ua;&tD, ru&Pru lLl<Brucf'UJ !!'iIctL. I§. ~6lT6l.i IS.§Xl~.S .8Il1. ISBN 983-40983-0-8

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.I6UJlTu'J1bl<$Qr. Q8iIc$~lIlT&ir (j)UJIDQUUJU Qurr60r CBasffi&u~ lLl<Brud'UJlT Q&ffiJc$lT U~&tD, 6Tm 40-1,Jalan Vivekananda, Off Jalan Tun Sambanthan, Brickfields, 50470 Kuala Lumpur, I&J~ U~L1L!' 1999. (Malaysia:

Mathana Enterprises, No.30-I, Jalan Vivekananda, Off Jalan Tun Sambanthan, Brickfields, 50470 Kuala Lumpur) 14l!! uffi""tD, &l'&Pro lLl<Brud'UJ lj'iIctL. 10. dl6If6l.j 18.§Xl3 8Il1. ISBN 983-40182 0 7

40

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(viii), no u~. 6l.l'6Olru LD<Brud'UJ Ij'ThJa9L. 10. dMQl~ 18.6Xl~.6.<9'LE. ISBN 983 99925 7 0

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41

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42

Puchong, 58200, Kuala Lumpur)

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C/8, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 16lJ~ u!!t)'~, 1997. (Malaysia: Percetakan Maygen Sdn. Bhd., No.282, Jalan

Tun Sampanthan, 50470 Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur)

(xiv), ~64 ua;cotil, &l'QDro UlCBrod'UJ !l'Ii.Ja9L. 16. dl6Il&:j 19X13.B'~. ISBN 983 99925 3 8

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l@B'ul@Ltiluir 1998. (Malaysia: M. Arivananthan, No.40, Jalan SS 7/6, 47301 Kelana Jaya, Selangor D.E. )

(10), 164 ua;cotil, &l'QDro UlCB6\:ld'UJ !l'Ii.Ja9L. 16. ~6IT&:j 19X13.6B'~. ISBN 983 808 050 0

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xxxii, 19!1 ua;cotil, &l'6Ol6\:l UlCB6\:l5'UJ liW.,gL. 16. dM6Il&:j18XlSB'~. ISBN 983 2522 00 5.

~~ - ~M1lJ; 6-»u611i 43

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19~ ua;<!DUJ, ~61l)OO @ID'ULJLUUL~ru61l)OO. dM6Il6l.i 18Xl~.6CfLff.

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ll~ U&ffiUJ, ~61l)OO ~m~UJ ®UIT ~6., dM6Il6l.i 18.6Xl~.6 8Lff.

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<ll6l.l®tiJ 6l.IIT~64w: 16l.l~ 6)~IT@~. 6O)Cf. du Q,Pa:.lolLl~. lLl<Bood"UJIT, ~ 6T6OrLULJ61l)llCfeU, 38, Jalan Selaseh 19, Taman Seiaseh, 68100, Batu Caves, Selangor, 16l.J~ U~ULj, l\1.CftDUU 1999. (Chennai 600 024: MithraBook Makers, Mithra Pubiieations,3751l0, Areot Road)

668 ua;ffilo, ~61l)OO i).lh~ C!J)UIT 160.00., ~6Il&.j :lIXl4 CfLff. ISBN 1876626720

lLl<Bood"lLJ Uci;~!f'6Olffiffi6Jl'~tD Cf@,&61l)ffiffi6Jl'~ ~~6l.J61l)lJ ffiITOOlo 1@6l.J6Jl'6l.Jm~ dMJi,~ lLl6OOr6COl'ru lLlooum~ 6Tc!:pci;~IT6IThffi6Jl'6Or &lDIffi61l)~ffi6li'6Or <B~hm!!:D I@!!:DIT@UUITffi 1@6l.J6li'6l.J®LD ~OOIT6l.J~ I@~IT~UJIT6m ~.\9ITQ5IQ, 43 &lDIffi6Ol~ffieiJ i)Llol@uIDlDleiJ6IT6m. LBci;ll 1@6l.J61ML.Lffici;~6Or 346l.J~ ~ru ~~6l.JIT@lo.

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3~0 ua;ffilo, ~61l)OO @ID'ULJLUUL~61l)OO, dM6!J6l.i ~IXl4 CfLff. ISBN 187662602x

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Selaseh 19, Taman Selaseh, 68100, Batu Caves, Selangor, 16l.J~ u~6L.j, ~louh ~OOI. (Chennai 600 024: Mithra Book Makers, Mithra Publieations,375/10, Areot Road)

31~ Ua;ffitD, ~61l)OO @ID'ULJLUUL~ru61l)OO, dM6Il6l.i ~IXl4 8Lff. ISBN 187662603x

lLl<Bood"UJ ~t.6W 6Tc!:pcii~IT6Ilhffi6llITru lLl<BOO&UJ ucii~61l)~~ Cf@,d"61l)ffi<!D6Jl'~tD il~6l.J61l)ll <!DITootD 1@6l.J6If6l.J~ dMm~ lLl6OOr6OOl'ru lLloohm~ &lDIffi61l)~ffi6li'Eir <B~hm~ I@~IT@UUITffi 1@6l.J6If&J®tD ~OOIT6l.J~ 1@~!T~6m j)lh~Q5IQ, ~6 &lDIffi6Ol~ffiSr ilLlol@uIDIDISr6ll6m. LBci;ll 1@6l.J6If~L.Lffici;~6Or 616l.J~ ~ru j)~6l.JIT@tD.

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318 Ua;ffitD, ~61l)OO @ID'ULl'LUUL~ru61l)OO. ~6l.i 18Xl~Cf~.

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(10), .30 UasffiLD, al'6O)ru LC<Brud'uJ lf~~ IS. <:§I6IlQj 19X13 CfIll. ISBN 983-40182-1-5

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&IT~6J6ZlIITru dMruro. @!!.ffilTu6~<Bffiai. LC<Brucf1ll1T (!:Jlffi'ru fil6lirLUJJ6O)!!CfsU, 38, Jalan Selaseh 19, Taman Selaseh, 68100, Batu Caves, Malaysia, 1&1~ U~l..!, It2-CfLDuir 1999. (Chennai 600 024: Mithra Book Makers, Mithra Publications,375fI0, Arcot Road)

(1!t). 308 uasffiLD, al'6O)Q) @Jl1l.njLUULal'~Q). c§l6Il&:j !tl.SXl4",Ill. ISBN 1 876626364

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~~~ UasffiLD, &l'6!llru LC<Brud'uJ lf~~ 20. dl6Il6l..j 18.SXlUIf~. ISBN 983-40983-1-6

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UlQlT ~QlTThJ~m. lLlrr.~!lrr6OllLlUJiT. 6l86Cr6Ol6OI 6000!!l4, Mithra Book Makers, Mithra Publications, 375/10, Areot Road, 16l.J~ u~ULj, .ID&.1tDuir !!IOOI. (Chennai 600 024: Mithra Book Makers, Mithra Publieations,375/10, Areot Road)

176 ua:.~tD, EilJEiOlru @!!5'ULJLUUL6U'ru6Olru. ~6Il~ !!I1.6Xl48ta. ISBN 1 87662691 7 (lLl<Bru5'UJ ~6l.J!l' LC 255, Jalan Naib Long, 84908, Tangkak, Johor)

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6UITW ~rr6OOTrrs:D 6lJUlrrQlTThJ~m. ru.6J. jlErlr®6l8ru&J6Cr. @86Cr6Ol6OI 6000!!l4 Mithra Book Makers, Mithra Publieations,375/1O, Areot Road, 16l.J~ u!!&ULj, lt2-8wuir 1999. (Chennai 600 024: Mithra Book Makers, Mithra Publieations,375/1O, Areot Road)

xvi, !!I70 ua:.~w, &16Olru jl.rl;~UJ ®urr 90. ~ErI~ !!IU;Xl48~. ISBN 1 87 6626 60 7

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46

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~40 uMU!, &J6tDru ~J11Ln.h_UUL&Jro6tDru. dl6II&.j 18Xl~.~ B't.a.

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lJIT6IDs!bffiar UUJ6IlmIl»ffiQy: Qa>IT~~ 1. 6Tili·~6tDU![lTSl· Ul<Brud'UJrr IDHHA YAM Sdn.Bhd., 9A Jalan Murai Dua, Batu Complex, 51200 Kuala Lumpur, I&J~ U~,~OOI. (Kuala Lumpur: percetakan K.M.)

~37 ua.a;ili, l..l6tDa;UuLIi.Ja;6U, &J6tDru Ul<Brud'UJ p;i,JaS'L. ~O, ~6II&.j ~1.~Xl4 ~t.a. ISBN 98340770 1 7

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66 ua.a;ili, &J6tD6I) Ul<Brud'UJ 6l&J6U6IP I. ~6II&.j 18.~Xl3 ~.

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l1lmgili 11l601's!bhffi@Dili. 6tDB'·~h (!,tlCf>iliUl~. Ul<Bru&turr (!Pffi'ro 6T6OrLhiJ6tDuB'aiJ, 38, Jalan Selaseh 19, Taman Selaseh, 68100, Batu Caves, Malaysia, I&J~ u~, ~L. 1998. (6lB'tD6tDtm 6000.4 Mitra Publications, 375/10 ArcotRoad )

400 ua.a;ili, &J6tDru Ul<Brudi'UJ !1'IbJdlL. !O. dl6II&.j 18Xl! B't.a.

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6lJ~6\)rrmr ffiLru ffiL.Iba> s!bIJ5lW6i5r. iJ!1'L.1\L~ Ul<B6I)UJlT B'a:.~Ulrra;6M. Ul<Bru&turr lTrrm 6lB'.!h~rrUl6tDlT u~ua;ili, <Ba;rrrurrruili~, I&J~ u~, !OOI. (QB'6Or6tDtm 600 OO~~ a;&Ja,~u1ro ~bB'a;ili, 47, ~~iliiJ Q~®, ~®6l.Jroru'a,<Ba;m. )

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47

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Adiyavar Arupathu Moovar varalaru / Erode Thanga. Viswanathan. Tr. By Periyasamy. 1st edition, November, 2002. Tamil Nadu: Arut Sudar Pathippakam, 60, Kannagi Salai, Erode 638 001 (Tamilnadu:

Sri Abhirami Offset, 37, Manickam Street, Saminathapurarn, Salem 636 009) 531 pages, colour plates, Price: not known, size: 22x 14 cm.

Prose of Periya Puranam.

Truth/ Edited by Arun Senkuttuvan. Singapore: Sivan Temple, Geylang East Avenue 2, 1st edition May,1993. ( Singapore: Bradford Press)

(4), 134p., Colour Plates. Price: Free. Size: 23x15.5 cm.

Published in commemoration of the Mahakumbabishegam of the Sivan Temple On 30-5-1993 .. Contains 14 articles on Hinduism and Hindu philoisophy.

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