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The Radio Chemistry of Aluminum and Gallium - Us AEC
The Radio Chemistry of Aluminum and Gallium - Us AEC
The ~Radiochemistry
of Aluminum and Gallium
I “s,
1
————.. —..,
.,:
COMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LIAISON MEMBERS
SUBCOMMITTEE ON RADIOCHEMISTRY
CONSULTANTS
The Radiochemistry
of Aluminum and Gallium
JOHN E. LEWIS
Issuance
Date:April
1961
....—_’------ .—
Subcommittee on Radiochemistry
National Academy of Sciences —National Research Council
Printed
inUSA, Price$0.60.
AvaileMe fromtheOffice
of Technlcel
Services,
Department
ofCommerce,Washington25,D. C.
FOREWORD
iii
INTRODUCTJQIY ;
.
CONTENTS
v
. .
The kadiochemistry of Aluminum and Gal ium
,, ,:
JOHN E. LEWIS
Aluminum Company of America
,“ ~. Alcoa Research Laboratories
Physical Chemistry Division
.$ :
N6w Kensington, Pen~ylvania
.
I. GENERAL REVIEWS OF THE INORGANIC AND ANALYTICAL CHEMI-
STRY OF KUJMINUM AND GALLIUM
.,,
. .:.’
1
(6) J. Dolezal, V. Patrovs~. Z. Sulcek and J. Svaata,
1517 (1955).
.,, ,..
The most significant recent contribution to the
2
will find increased application in future radiotracer in-
vestigations.
T&le I
ISOTOPES OF ALUMINUM*
Some Typical
TYPe of Energy of Modes of
Half -Life Decay Radiation Formation
. 13 Bee.
ISOTOPES OF GALLIuM*
Some Typical
Type of Energy of Modes of
Half -Life Decay Radiation Formation
A. Metallic State
in Table 111.
Table III*
Atomic Number 13 31
6
chloric acid (72%). Foster and Stumpf(6) discuss the elec-
7
droxides only as intermediate products in an “analysis
Halides
analytical radiochemistry.
8
property can be used to advantage aa a means of purifying the
Sulfides
.,
gal~ium, namely GaeS, Gas and “Gazsg, and only one sulftde
9
metals with hydrogen sulfide or stiifur vapors at elevated
c. Gravimetric Separations
In
copracipitated contaminants. ~is procedure can be employed
cedure.
Kl
ium by precipitation as the ferrocyanide. Zinc, which wmld
1. ,.chelate Complexes .,
a. Acetvlacetone
b. Thenovltrifluoroacetone (TTA)
,.,. ..’
Bolomay and Wish(12) report the extraction of alu-
.12
c. Morin (3,5,7,2,4-pentahydroxyf lavone)
iom.
solutions of 8-hydroxyquinoline.
f. Sodium Diethyldithlocarbamate
14
that extraction of the chloride was as efficient using ketones
HI’ into ethyl ether. The Al (III) and Ga (111) showed negli-
Per Cent
Aqueous Extraction Reference
gallium.
15
While Al (III) was observed to extract to a neglig~le ex-
ether.
gested that best results are obtained when the HC1 concen-
16
The majority of the material presented in this
eluted with 0.4N Hc1 and the gallium was removed with 1.31Q
tanium and iron elute prior to Al (III) with the same acid
17
viously assigned to cation exchange procedures. Many
Hcl solution.
18
67
showed that Ga .[111),‘as Gis ,,tracer, ehibits .negligtile
m?.
~126,
,, ..
F. Electrolytic Separation
19
v. DISSOLUTION OF wLES CONTAINING COMFOUNDS OF ALUMIHIJM
AND GALLIUM
A. Aluminum
20
rately is S1OW, but solution in these media can be hastened
B. Gallium
ble.
21
2. Gallium and Gallium A11OYS
will rea& with dry HC1 or” chlorine to form the anhydrous
A. Alumlnum Isotopes : ~ “-
..,’. .,
Refering
to the table of alumlnum isotopes (Sec-
.,. ,. .,
tion III) it is obse~ed that the half-lives fall Into two
,’.
categories: six isotopes
of half-life less than one hour,
,,, “.’ ,’
snd one isotope with an extremely long half-life of approxi-
,.
mately 8 x 105 years. For purposes of this discussion, only
22
ray acintiilktion :e,pectrometer provides a rapid, discriminat-
B. Gallium Isotoms
.,
23
VII. COLLECTION OF DETAILED IU4DIOCHEMICAL PROCEDURES
Procedure 1
Gallium
(1952) .
,HNos - Cone.
NH4 OH - dilute
Ether
H=S
Irradiation: cu target (thin foil) bombarded with a parti-
the ether.
24
Procedure 1 (Continued)
aaeay.
wifi HsS.
Procedure 2
Gallium
coumts/sec .
with ~am) and the ZnS is assayed for zinc activity. The
for assay.
25
Pro&sdure 3
Qalliuni.
c!hem.& 223:,(1960).
u/ml. ). ,. ..
HC1.
HC1.
26
Procedure 3 (Continued)
etier.
carriers.
with a-benzoinoxime.
&cedure 4
Gallium
Isotope: Ga67
,,
Chemical separation Principles: Ga is carried on Fe(OH)s
Recovery: 80+%
added.
ed to digest 15 minutes.
cipitation is made.
28
Procedure 4 (Contkued)
Hcl.
to the chloride.
Procedure 5
“Gallium
n/cm2/sec.
pies.
29
Procedure 5 (Continued)
ether.
30
Procedure 6
Gallium
Gallium in Aluminum
evaporated to dryness.
ether.
to the solution.
diethyl ether.
31
procedure 6 (Continued)
of 6U ammonium acetate.
Procedure 7
Aluminum
1 -60cm. xlm.
32
Procedure 7 (Continued)
33
Procedure 7 (Continued)
Hao.
34
Procedure 7 (Continued)
NOJ?ES
Prooedure 8
Galll-
liveai.
35
Procedure 8 (Continued)
20 ml. (Note 1)
36
Procedure 8 (Continued)
“37’
Procedure 8 (Continued)
Step 11 - Back extract the G“a from the ether with approxi-
water.
38
Procedure 8 (Continued)
Te.
(2) The ~ NaOH washes the “free” TTA away from tie benzene
‘+3, Al
acid (~ HC1) the rate is ‘slow (similex to “Fe
benzene.
Procedure 9
,, ,.
Gallium
347 (1949).
n/cm2/sec.
39
Procedure 9 (Continued)
with HzO.
quinolate.
termine yield.
ted HC1.
precipitate as above.
40
Procedure 10
Aluminum
exchange.
exchange.
discarded).
41
Procedure 10 (Continued)
main elute.
42
Procedure 10 (Cont@ued)
43
“Procedure10 (Continued)
B. Procedure
. for Silicate Materials
,..
,:.,
..
,;.
,, ,)”,
>-
,..
44
REFERENCES
.,
( 1) Simanton, J. R., Rightmire, R. A., Long, A. L. and
Kohman, T. P. ,.Phys., Rev. & 1711, (1954),
(11) Woldo A:, Baird, J. H.~ and Hough, ,.C. R., Anal. Chem.
~, 546 [1954). ‘“
(12,) Bolomay, B. .A. qnd Wish, L., T. Am. Chem. ,., 72,
Sot,,,
4483 (1958). ““
46
(32) White, J,..,C., Oak Ridge National I@bo.ra$ory, Pre-
aented at Pittsburgh Conference on Anal. ~em. and
Applied Spectroscopy, March 1957. ““
..
(33) MOrr100n, G. H. and Freiser, H., “SolVent Extraction
in Analytical chemistry,”” John Wiley and Son@, Inc.,
New York (1957).
47
(46) Dannis, L. M. and Bridgman, J. A. , J. Am. Chem. Sot.
‘Q, 1534 (1918) . !.
,,
48