SUBJECT: BIOCHEMISTRY

TOPIC: EVALUATION #10 Set B

(Recombinant DNA and Nutrition 1)

LECTURER: DR. UY and Prof. Torres

DATE: MARCH 2011

Question #: Correct Answer: Explanation:

DNA Ligase covalently attaches a free 5' phosphate to a 3' hydroxyl and
ATP for energy. DNA polymerase is for elongation. Telomerase is an
A. DNA Ligase enzyme for providing telomeres for cell division (telomeres are sequence in
1
+ ATP a DNA that is removed every cycle of division - parang fuel siya ng car).
Recombinase are enzyme promoting DNA recombination and is not for
joining DNA fragments.
SGT is when the therapeutic genes are transferred into the somatic cells of
A. Somatic a patient(for treating); Germ-line gene therapy corrects them invitro/in
2
Gene Therapy embryo; cloning creates a copy; Genetic engineering is the
modifying/manipulation of certain genes (remember GMO?)
Reverse transcriptase uses mRNA (messenger RNA) to synthesize cDNA
3 C. mRNA (complemantary DNA); ssDNA is Single stranded DNA, dsDNA is double
stranded DNA both are not used by Reverse transcriptase
4 BONUS
cDNA library contains only complementary DNA molecules synthesized
from mRNA; this complementary DNA has already undergone post-
D. All of the
5 translation modification removing all unnecessary sequences like introns,
choices
promoter sequence, etc. Primarily, cDNA is composed mostly, if not all, of
exons or sequences that is functional when expressed.
Western blot is used to identify proteins; Northern blot is used for probing
6 C. Western Blot
RNA; Southern blot is for DNA
Plasmids can be good cloning vectors because they carry an origin of
7 C. Plasmid replication and are therefore able to replicate independently. Plasmid also is
very easy to isolate, abundant (easy to grow) and cheaper.
D. All of the All can be used as a host for recombinant DNA technology. Self-
8
above explanatory
C. Screening of
DNA in the Probes are single stranded NA used to hybridize with a target DNA. Usually
9
library or on they are marked radioactively so they can easily be identified.
gel
D. All of the Blood, Bone, egg cell as well as other things from the body (hair, sperm,
10
above nails etc.) can be used as a source of DNA or mRNA
Mutations change the size of specific sequences in the genome. The
different sizes may help in identifying one DNA from another using Southern
D. Restriction
blotting (DNA remember?). Restriction Fragment polymorphism is also
fragment
11 unique to individuals just like fingerprints. PCR or plymerase chain reaction
length
is technique for making new strands for usage in other techniques. cDNA is
polymorphism
only a complementary DNA. REverse transcriptase is an enzyme that
produces a DNA using mRNA as the primer.
B. Degrade
Restriction enzymes are made by bacterial cells to protect themselves
foreign DNA
12 against foreign DNA (such as viruses) by cutting it up into pieces. Bacterial
that enters the
cells modify their own DNA so that the restriction enzymes will not cut it.
bacterium
C. Make Remember that they are usually palindromes so they leave some 5' hanging
staggered so that it is complementary to the sticky end of the same site. Restriction
13
double strand enzymes do no cut at the same base pair. Restriction enzymes are also cut
cut….. at specific sites and can only be annealed by that restriction enzyme only.

BIOCHEMISTRY Evaluations 10 Set B

 SUBJECT: BIOCHEMISTRY

TOPIC: EVALUATION #10 Set B

(Recombinant DNA and Nutrition 1)

LECTURER: DR. UY and Prof. Torres

DATE: MARCH 2011

Portruding.
Heatshock + CaCl2 would make the bacterial cell unstable enabling the
D.
entrace of the plasmid into it. Electrophoresis is not always succesful.
14 Transformation
Infection with a bacteriophage has too many risks and can impede the
… CaCl2
procedure or experiment.
15 B. Probe Look at number 9 for definition of probe
A. DNA is
amplified at They are usually amplified at one point to be able to recreate copies of the
16
many points specific gene.
w/in….
It is not a palindrome. Palindromic sequences are sequences that when
17 B. TCCGA reversed is complementary to the original sequence. Example is TTCGAA
which has a complement of AAGCTT.\
Vector: Small DNA used for recombinant DNA technology – accessory
18 C. Vector
chromosome, can replicate but not part of host’s genome
The Normal DNA (Hb-A) uses Glu which is GAG and in the Hb-S this is Val
19 A. 5' GTG 3'
which is 5' GTG 3'
20 A. RNA Northern blotting is used for RNA
Unlike the mother and the father who carry the gene at 376, the baby does
21 A. Normal
not carry it hence the baby will be normal.
D. All of the Prenatal diagnosis, newborn screening and carrier (heterozygote) detection
22
above can use recombinant DNA for human genetic testing.
Tip: the father is usually very different from the mother (they aren't related
23 C. 4 kasi) and the children will probably share DNA samples from the mother
and the father so look for one that is completely different from the father.
The plasmid although primarily encoded to be resistant to ampicillin and
24 A. Tetracycline tetracylcin was introduced to PstI which cut the plasmid at a single site in
the ampicillin-resistant gene so it will only be tetracycline resistant.
B. Ampicillin
25 Because it was cut at a single site in the ampicillin-resistance gene.
resistant
Lac Z is used to determine if the plasmid contains the DNA. White =
26 * C. blue present, blue = none. It is grown on antibiotic containing-x-gal medium and
so it is blue as it is not ampicillin resistant.
C. 3' C A G G A First you write down the sequence from 5' to 3' (bottom to top) then get it's
27
G T T 5' complementary strand so that it's 3' - 5'
Dna polymerase is the enzyme for the elongation of the sequence, while
dNTPs are the source of nucleotides to add in the sequence. ddNTPS (ex.
28 D. ddTTPs are ddATPs and ddGTPs) are used to terminate elongation. In this case
since the 3' end is adenosine the ddNTP used is ddATP as oppposed to
ddTTP.
automated sequencing method as the name implies uses only one reaction
29 A. one
tube for efficieny and faster way of determining the sequence.
VNTRs are used for testing of individuals like parental testing (since VNTRs
are unique to individuals). Hybridization is a process of complementation and
not an actual technique for comparison. Western blotting is a specialized
30 B. Microarray
technique for determining protein in a sequence. Microarray is the best
answer since it is a specialized technique for comparing patterns of
expression in two different cell types like a normal and cancerous cell.

BIOCHEMISTRY Evaluations 10 Set B

 SUBJECT: BIOCHEMISTRY

TOPIC: EVALUATION #10 Set B

(Recombinant DNA and Nutrition 1)

LECTURER: DR. UY and Prof. Torres

DATE: MARCH 2011

C. Reducing
Fiber is not digested and it usually passes through the GIT largely intact so
the intestinal
there intestinal transit time is reduced since it does not spend time being
31 time thus
absorbed etc. while carrying it carcinogens and colonic mucosa along with
reducing
it.
contact…
B. can be
Essential nutrients are supplied b the diet but non-essential nutrients can be
synthesized by
32 synthesized by the body example of which is carbohydrades (cheap and
the body in
readily available ika nga.)
sufficient amts.
D. they yield
more calories Remember the 4, 4, 9, 7. Fats yield 9 kcal when oxidized but it is not the
33
per gram when primary source of energy.
oxidized
The higher the value o the dietary protein, the higher its ability to supply the
D. it contains
essential amino acids required for the body. The standard used is the
34 all the essential
Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Scoring which is based on the
amino acids
profile of essential amino acids and the digestibility of protein.
B. negative Catabolism > anabolism = negative nitrogen balance (less nitrogen);
35 nitrogen Anabolism > catabolism = positive nitrogen balance (nitrogen produced);
balance catabolism = anabolism = equilibrium.
B. It is caused
Kwashiorkor is due to protein deficiency and not caloric deficiency. It is
by prolonged
36 characterized by hypoalbuminemia, anemia, edema, pot belly,
excessive
depigmentation of the skin, loss of hair/chage of hair to red and bulky stool.
lack… calories
PDCAAS or protein digestablity-corrected amino acids is the standard by
which to evaluate protein quality. Milk has 1.00 value in PDCAAS,
37 C. Milk
suggesting that milk is a very good source of protein. 1.00 means that it
contains all the essential amino acids.
A. It is the
cheapest
38 source of Since Filipinos are rice eaters, it is the most readily available source.
energy for
Filipinos
B. Linoleic Palmitic acid and Stearic acid are saturated FA while Arachidonic acid is a
39
Acid Polyunsaturated-omega-6 FA.
C High Protein Kidneys reabsorb protein but if its function is impaired, it will have difficulty
40
diet reabsorbing protein hence a high protein diet is not appropriate.
C. 2000 - 2300 The energy intake should be more or less proportional to the energy
41
kcals requirement per day to be able to carry out normal body functions.
A. Carbon
Indirect calorimetry calculates heat prodction based on respiratory gases
42 dioxide and
measured over a unit of time> Oxygen consumption and CO2 production.
oxygen
C. Fatty acids
with double Correct: Fatty acids with double bonds in the TRANS configuration raise
43
bonds in the plasma cholesterol levels (kaya nga transfat eh!)
cis….raise…
44 D. 2200 (289 x 4) >carb + (70 x 9) >fat + (110 x 4) >protein = 2200 cals
45 C. About 15% The patient's caloric intake is adequate having 2200 calories a day. The

BIOCHEMISTRY Evaluations 10 Set B

 SUBJECT: BIOCHEMISTRY

TOPIC: EVALUATION #10 Set B

(Recombinant DNA and Nutrition 1)

LECTURER: DR. UY and Prof. Torres

DATE: MARCH 2011

of the calories patient also conforms to the recommended guidelines for her diet having an
are derived increased amount of protein since she is pregnant. The answer is C since
from the 440 calories produced by the protein in the diet represent about 20% of the
proteins. daily caloric intake.
Lignin is a complex polymer; the chief constituent of wood other than
carbohydrates; binds to cellulose fibers to harden and strengthen cell walls
46 D. Lignin
of plants while dextrins, glycogens and starches are available
carbohydrates and can be used by the body.
C. Patient on
A growing child, a recovering person and a pregnant woman would manifest
47 impending
with a POSITIVE NITROGEN BALANCE.
thyroid storm
B.
48 Hypoalbumine Low protein; Albumin = Protein; HYPOalbuminemia
mia
Inadequate carbohydrates will make the body look for other energy sources
49 C. Ketosis which will be in the form of Fats and Proteins. If this happens, there will be
an increase in ketone bodies hence ketosis
C. RQ of less
RQ < .70 means fat is converted to carbohydrate; RQ> 1 means fat
than 1
50 synthesized from carbohydrate; Any RQ greater than 1 indicates net
suggests
synthesis of fatty acids and triglycerides.
starvation

BIOCHEMISTRY Evaluations 10 Set B