Mohd Danial Abdul Hadi Bin Rafiee

Causes of epilepsy
1.Geneticly determined

Epilepsy syndromes with simple inheritance

1)Include benign familial neonatal convulsions
2)and benign familial infantile convulsion

Linkage to choromosome 20q which coding for potasium channel protein.

Epilepsy syndromes with Complex inheritance

1)Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
a)occur in age of 12-18
b)invovle chromosome 6 and 15
2)Benign rolandic epilepsy
a)occur in age of 5 to 10
b)linked to chromosome 15

2.Migration disorder
Alteration of the migration process that establish the cellular and laminar organization of neocortex
particularly in arising childhood.

3.Trauma

4.Tumour
Usually associate withadult onset epilepsy.

5.CVD
6-15% of stroke patient may develop epilepsy.
Cerebral infarction
Cerebral haemorrhage

6.Infection
3-4% of epilepsy case.
Tropical infection like malaria,shistomiasis and trypanosomiasis.
Other like bacterial tuberculous,fungal meningitis and viral encephalitis.
First symptom of tuberculoma

7.Cerebral degeneration
Common in Alzheimer’s disease and multiinfarct dementia

8.Multiple sclerosis
2% of epilepsy.

9.Alcohol
Its lower seizure threshold.

10.Metabolic disease
Associate with hypocalcaemia,hypercalcaemia,hypomagnesemia,and hypernatremia.
Severe renal and hepatic failure can both precipitate the seizure.
Tricylic antidepressant,the phenothiazines and isoniazid.
Rapid withdrawal of barbiturates or benzodiazepines can trigger epilepsy.