Any pattern of emotions, behaviors, or thoughts

inappropriate to the situation and leading to False sensory experiences that may suggest mental
personal distress or the inability to achieve disorder.
important goals.

Extreme disorders of thinking, involving persistent

A term referring to emotion or mood.
false beliefs.

The view that mental disorders are diseases that, A psychological alternative to the medical model
like ordinary physical diseases that, like ordinary that views psychological disorder through a
physical diseases, have objective physical causes combination of the social, cognitive, and behavioral
and require specific treatments. perspectives.

The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical

Before the DSM-IV, this term was used as a label for
Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the
subjective distress or self-defeating behavior that
American Psychiatric Association; the classification
did not show signs of brain abnormalities or grossly
system most widely accepted psychiatric in the
irrational thinking.
United States.
 A disorder involving profound disturbances in Abnormal disturbances in emotion or mood,
perception, rational thinking, or affect. including bipolar disorder and unipolar disorder.

Technically Seasonal pattern specifier, this DSM-IV

A form of depression that does not alternate with course specifier for mood disorders is believed to
mania. be a form of depression caused by deprivation of
sunlight.

Mental problems characterized mainly by anxiety;

A mental abnormality involving swings of mood
include panic disorder, specific phobias and
from mania to depression.
obsessive- compulsive disorder.

A psychological problem characterized by persistent A disturbance marked by panic attacks that have no
and pervasive feelings of anxiety, without any obvious connection with events in the person’s
external cause. present experience.
A fear of public places and open spaces, commonly A group of anxiety disorders involving a
accompanying pain disorder. pathological fear of a specific object or situation.

The notion that we have an innate tendency,

acquired through natural selection, to respond A condition characterized by patterns of persistent,
quickly and automatically to stimuli that posed a unwanted thoughts and behaviors.
survival threat to our ancestors.

Psychological problems appearing in the form of

bodily symptoms or physical complaints, such as
weakness or excessive worry about disease.