Soa Nee ce) PUA TS OVA EVADE THE JAPANESE ECONOMY DRL Vy DOU SMUT) STATISTICS DEPARTMENT THE BANK OF JAPAN2-0CT1 8 1967 PREFACE ‘This publieation contains an English translation of Ex- planatory Notes included in our “Hundred-Year Statistics of the Japanese Economy.” It is hoped that this book, together with our “Supplement to Hundred-Year Statistics of the Japanese Ecoromy, English Translation of Footnotes," will help the readers when they use the above statistics. ‘We have included as appendices at the end of this book a “List of Issue Amounts and Cireulation Periods of Various Currencies in the Early Meiji Era," a “Historieal Diagram of Financial Inst tutions” and a “Financial Chronology of Japan.” It should be made clear, however, that this translation is provisional.EXPLANATORY NOTES: POPULATION Population 1 [1] Growth of Population 4 [2] Population of Cities, Towns, Villages, by Size 5 [31 Composition of Population 7 IA Life Expectancy 7 LAND AREA & NATIONAL WEALTH Land Area & National Wealth 9 5] Area 9 iG] Use of Land 10 I7| Prewar National Wealth 13 {8] Detailed Statement of National Wealth Survey of 1910 (Esti« mated by the Bank of Japan) 16 19] Post-War National Wealth 18 (Ref) Damage te National Wealth 19 NATIONAL INCOME National Ine 20 [10] Long-Term Estimates of National Income Since 1868, 2 [11] National Tneeme Accounts, 1930 - 1964 29 EMPLOYMENT & WAGES nent & Wages 33 34 Persons w-th Jobs, by Industry and Sex 38 Basie Survey of Employment Status 39 Labor Forse Survey ui Estimates of Gainfilly Occupied Population 41 [13, 15! Monthly Labor Statisties Survey 2 N14,17! Labor Statisties by the Bark of Japan 43 {16i Daily Earnings by Occupation a 4 Ep se [foePRICES Prices [18] Wholesaie Price Index [21] Tokyo Retail Price Index [22] Consumer Price Index [24] Index of Service Charges [25] Construction Expenditure Index 126) Land Price Index (urban) [27] Farm Land Price INDUSTRY Industry 20)" Indexes of Industrial’ Production [80] Indexes of Production of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing {G11 Prinepa: Products of Mining and Manufacturing (32] Principa Products of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 133] Railways [34] Motor Vehicles 138] Vessels (38) Public Utlities [371 Roads PUBLIC FINANCE ‘Central Government Finance Reveniie and Expenditure Breakdown of General Account Revenues and Expenditures Breakdown of Tax Revenues Treasury Investments and Loans National Government Debts National Property. [Si] Local Government Bonds Outstanding MONEY & BANKING Money & Banki (551 "Bank of Japan Notes iasued and in’ Cireuistion {571 Notes ‘in Cireulation 158] Factors for Money Supply {59} Monetary Survey The Bank of Japan National Banks Private — Ordinary Bans Savings Banks ‘The Yokohama Specie Bank 170,71) The Nippon Kangyo Bank; Agricultural and tndusiia The Bank of "Paiwan ‘The Hokkaido Taleushokew Banie The Industrial Bank of Japan The Bank of Chosen ‘The Chosen Colonial Bank (77] Trust Banks (Trust Companies) 44 46 54 56 58 59 60 60 w 30 aL aL a4 a5, 88, a9 on 95 91 98 io 103 104 106 132 134 138 139 140 MI 142 107Quasi Barks 108 Exchange Firms aL (79! | Mujin, Mujin Companies, Mutual Loan and Savings Banks’ || 112 180, 02] "Credit Associations, Credit Cooperatives 15 (e4| The Central Bank for Commercial and Indusizial Cooperatives 118 85,86] Industrial Cooperatives, Agricultural Societies, Agricultural Cooperatives 120 [871 The Central Cooperative Bank of Agricultures and Forestry || 123 © Pawashops 437 * Individual Money-Lenders 129 {88} The Export-Import Bank of Japan Me 89] The Japar Development Bank 143 [90] The Reconversion Finance Bank 143 1911 The People's Finance Corporation 146 95] The Small Business Finance Corporation 46 [101, 102) Private Insurance a7 1105} Government-operated Insurance 148 [103, 104, 105] ‘The Trust Fund Bureau, Ministry of Finance Ms Foreign Trade fia) 1115) nie) in] (118) His} 1120), 1124; (Ref.) Outstandings of Foreign Investment to Japan FOREIGN TRADE Exports ard imports Exports ard Imports by Category Exports and Imports by Prineipal Commodities Exports and Imports by Region Exports and Imports of Coins and Builion Invisible Receipts and Payments (Prewar) Balance of Payments Foreign Exchange Rates| BUSINESS Business 162 [1221 "Business Corporate ‘Statisties 163 [123] Business Corporations : 163 (124) Analysis of Financial Statements of Principal Enterprises ||) 164 [125] Analysis of Business Results of Japanese Enterprises, 164 1126] Analysis of Financial Statements of Main Industrial Corporation : 164 [127] Financial Statements of Incorporated Business |. 365 [128] Capital Investment by Industry 0 165 LIVELIHOOD ood ae . 166 Receipts and Disbursements of Urban Worker Households (Prime Minister's Otfices 168 31] Receipts and Disbursements of Farmers wm [132], Personal Inzome Distribution : 472 [1331 Social Security : : 173 [134] Education on 175 [135] Dwelling Houses ind Households 476INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON i International Comparison 119 . [136] Population of Main Countries 179 [137] National Accounts of Main Countries 179 [138] Monetary Statisties of Main Countries 180 a [139] Prices in Main Countries 181 [140] Indexes of Industrial Production of Main Countries 182 [141] Foreign Trade of Main Countries (Customs Clearance Basis in U.S. dollars) 183 : APPENDICES : 1, Chart 1, Amount of Issue and Period of Circulation of Various % Currencies in Early Meiji Era 106 2. Chart 2. Historieal Diagram of Financial Institutions 188 3. Finanelal Chronology of Japan, 1867 ~ 1966 190EXPLANATORY NOTES “ es the table in “Hundred which the sectionPOPULATION POPULATION J. History of Population Statisties A. Total popislation in Japan has been statistically estimated since the. middle of the Tokugawa era (1608~ 1887). ‘The Eighth Showun of the Tokugawa Ine, Yoshimune, ‘ordered the frst compilation of s national henulation census, which wat made by sur= veying the numbers of residents registered Within the domaine of feudal clans ‘There after, population surveys were made every Sx Years up to the end of the Tokugawa era. Although there were many differences and ambiguities in method and coveraie, the resus of these surveys, shown in the following table, give some indication of the eoaes eee | Tow Population | in Tapan diaring the Edo. (Tokugawa) Era |2 trend of total population In Japan during the period observed ‘These statistics however, do not cover persons without registerst domiciles nor military famillee (Samursl) and their re- talners. Moreover, residests within domaine not under the direct cunttol of the Shogun~ ste or the feudal clant and Samurai and ‘their families and retainers were not sue~ veyed. As the number of such residents are estimated at 2 to 35 million (based on 4 survey in the early Meiji era), the total population in Japan is assumed to have ‘been hetwoen 28 and 30 million in the later half of the Tokugawa era, * B. Since the Meiji Restoration, the Government has compiled population statis ties, annually since 187% However, the methods of estimation wed for the two periods 1872 1808 and 1899-1919 are dite ferent. For 1812-1898, popisation was ‘estimated on the basis of family resistra- tion surveys conducted under the Civil Re- stration Law, and for 1309-1919 popula tion surveys based on stationary population, SMatistles and vital statistics “were used. Since 1920, when the first “National Popi- Jation Census” was made, population census has been used a5 the bats of population catimates C. Population survey under the Civil Registration Law: The Ministry of Home Affairs annually publishel the “Statistics of Family Members who have Nationality fot the Empire of Japan," compiled on the basis of the family registration surveys conducted under the Civil Registration Law promulgated in 1871. (Tirowgh 1885, with the exception of 1872, number of family members as of January 1; since 1886, at ot December 31). * Institute of Population Problems, Min~ istry of Health and Welfare. “Introdue- tion of the Population Pelicy — Statistical Approach to the Population of Japan’, at As for the table shown, sce ibid, p. 15% POPULATION D. “Stationary Population Statistics” and ‘Vital Statistics": Tn July 1898, when the Civil Rogistration Law was amended, mat- ters relating. to. census registration’ came under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of ‘Justice, and the Cabinet Bureau of Statis- ties was given authority to collect data. on population. The "Stationary Population Statistics of the Empire of Japan” and the “Vital Statistics of the Empire of Japan" wore issued by the Cabinet Bureau of Statistics 1. “Stationary Population Statisties of the Empire of Japan’ Collection of data on stationary popula~ tion statistics was bared on the family re fisters (following the example of the popu {ation surveys made under the Civil Regis~ ration Law), but data collected by the Cabinet Bureau of Statistics presented more details than those assembled by the Ministry fof Home Affairs Surveys were made at the end of each year in’ 1898, 1903, 1908, 1913 and 1918, and the sum of perinanent oinicle population, which was measured by ety, town and village mayors, and. the number of | persons without registered lomiiles, and’ thoae who were in prison, Were taken as the permanent domicile popu~ ion, Population estimates by city, town and village were also tabulated in the Clase ‘A and Class B de facto population statistics. Contents of the "Stationary "Population Statisties of the Empire of Japan, 1898” — the report of the first survey — are as follows: ‘Table 1. Permanent domicile population by ‘soelal status, and deserted children ‘Table 2. Permanent domicile population by ‘marital status and by year of birth Table 8. Number of persone migrating from and to cities, towns and villages, and de facto number of households, ‘Table 4 Registration of persons, removals from registry, neturalizations, renounce ‘ments of citizenship, missing persons, ete ‘Table 5, 6. Persons in prisons. Jn addition, the stationary population statistics iesued in 1900 and 1019 were sup- p uPovuLsvion plemented by tables of d> facto population ‘which were estimated by police stations Btlmates of permanent domicile popula ‘ion as of the end of ach of the years coming between the atove-mentioned 5 vurvey years, were obtained by adding tn 1 subtracting births, deaths, ete, from the permanent domicile popultion im the sur= vy years, and were published inthe Statitleal Yearbook of the Empire of Japan’. Statistical data on bieths, deaths, fete: Were taken fram "Vitel Statistics of the oypire of Japan 2 ‘Vital Statisties of the Empite of Japan” ‘Through 1807, vital statisties were com piled on the basis of the popiintion surveys lunder the Civil Reglstratn Lavr, but from 1098 by the Cabinet Bursa of Statistic, which collected and tabstated the vital sfalisties schedules prepared by city, town snd village suthorities onthe. basis of registration statements of marriages, dl- onees, deaths, live births and. sill-births, Since 197, the Ministry of Health and Welfare has been in charge, succeeding the Cabinet Bureau of Siatisti.® The revels ff the surveys have been published an- ually B. Surveys on the basic of “Population Since 1920, when the firs: National Pops Jation Census was made, population hav Deen estimated anewslly by extrapolating the base population enumerated in. either ‘he Population Census or Population Sure vey, adding or subtracting data on vital events of @ certain period obtained from the ital statistics). The results of each National Population Census were reported In detail in eack Report of National Popula- tion Census, and since 195%, the Statisties Bureau of the Prime Minkter's Office hot Statistics Buren of the Peime -Mini= ter's Officc, “The Eighty Years of the Statistics Bureau,” 1951 published the annual ond monthly popula ion estimates obtained! on the basis of National Population Census in "Population Estimates Series” and "Monthly Report on. Current Population Estimates’, respectively. H. National Population Consus ‘The Statistes Law defines the. National Population Census as a population survey male on a nation-wide seale under the designation and public notice given by the Director of Adminitrative Management Ageney. The inportance of a population census was already’ recognized in the early ays of the Meiji era, in 1979 a kind of pilot survey of population census “De focto Population Survey in Kai Province:” was made, Law No. 49 of Dee. 1902 authorized the Government to conduct the National Population Censar in and after 1005 every ten years, but the Russo-Japanese War in 19041905 prevented the first census from being made. ‘The fist National Popwlation Census toni place in 1920; the most recent was im 1965. Since 1020, the simply designed and minutely projected population censuses have been conducted every $ and 10 years, respectively, but the Nations! Poptlation Census schesuled for 1935 wae suspended because of World War I Although no National Population Census wre made in 1945, four population survevs were conducted just before and after the end of World War Tf, in 1081 and in November 193, to oblain thsie dats for the purposts of rationing and general cletions. Anather survey was cartied out in 1945 user instruction from the General Head= rauarters of Allied Forces, and’ special na census wae conducted in tons populatio a, Differences are observed among these censuses, some of them being shown ia the following table. Compacing the figures shown in this table with those of other fables given in the main part of this Publication clarifies the characteristics of cach tableCoverage of Population, C uses! under Comparison POPULATION pare T, es av aa 2. Fopsaron ene cove de fate popuaton TOSS an 560 IIL Statistics Listed A. Growth of Population [11 © enn on uy mnber af pret corp ond soot ce on Arg 1 TO nates of total population prior to and since 1920 (see footactes to table 1). As. for the estimates of total population in 1920 Figures obtained trom the above-men- tioned static and vital sopulation statistics are tabulated in this table, 1 Total population differences in coverage between the esti= and before, statistical data are referred to In “History of Population Statistics” on ‘age 410, Figures in this table were estimat~ ‘Sd by the Cabinet Bureau of Statistics on the Dass of these statistical data, but some Gifferences of method are observed betiveen surveys in the period from 1872 to 1898 and hat from 1899 to 1020, ‘There are somePOPULATION 4. Population for 1072-1896 was eatin fst by adding to the permanent domicile Population as of January 29, 1872 lunar calendar; March 8 in the solar calendar) the births, deserted ch dren and resistra- tion of persons occuring sinee, and by subtracting fom it the deaths and. re ‘movals from registry occurring since, a well as the number nf Japanese nationals living overseas at the end of the year Population for 1400-1920 was obtains ‘ol by adding to o¢ subtracting from the Japanese population in Japan proper (as Feported in the 1920 National Population Census, October Ist.) the bitths, deaths, slesertions of children, registration of per= sons, removals fron regstty and migra tion of Japanese pecgle from and. to Japan proper, eceurving prior to the bee ing of October 193, Since 1920, esimates am obteined by ex- Irapolating the base population enumerated in either the “Population Census" oF the Population Survey”, sdding oF eubteacting the natural change nd net migration, and tev propostionating for interpolation the: dit- ference between the tigueer thus estimated ind the figures obtained from the, next tse population (ee column “Adjustment 2 Increase in poputation; As for sure ‘ey periods and methcdls of estimation, cow footnotes to ‘Table (1), Although ‘net ine frease in total population prior ta 12 which included natural changes and net migration, came out of she estimates of ‘tat population, fyures 0 natural change fr the same period secre sstimated on the bass of vital static 3. Population density: Density is obtaine ‘I by averaging the total opulation in the whole ares by total acreage, Average population for the whole afea and on arable tond i 1960 were a2 shown betas. Ta adie ‘ion, population densities in the selected ‘ountries are show on page 372, Population A) ‘Total acreage (2) Arable land (C) Population density (per km ea) 08) 252 persons we 599 persons 34819000 persons 969,660.78 kt 0,720 me (Source: Statitis ures of the Prime Minister's Office, "Population in Jopan 1960") Note: As the figures in this table are fabulated by combining various statistics, ie is advisable to consult this table with careful consideration to the differences of coverages which exist between «ach tp oF statistic In audition, elthoush tutal population for ‘he perind 1672-1927 was enumerated as Sf January of each year, Dr. Ohkawa and Mr. Emi estimated total population so October 1 for the same periad om the basis Df originally estimated figure as of January |. thus to provide continuity between figures prior to und after 12h. (See Kazushi Obkaves, “The Growth Rate of the Japanese Economy since 1870", 4997; and Reiehi Bn, ‘Government Fiscal etivity and Beanomic Groseth in apan, 1588 190", 196) B. Population of Cities, Towns and Village, by Size [21 Tolat population diceibuted among cites lowns and villages which are classified by sae of population are shovwa in Table 2 As mentioned abo, total population is estimated on tho basis of “Rational Popul tion Consus” and "Clase Ade facto Popule tion” tinctuding Okinssca) estimated by the Cabinet Bureau of Statisties far the period Marling in 1920 god for the period prior to 1919 respectively ‘The coverage of each “National Population Census” is shown in the table on “Cover. aes of Population Census under Come prison” (page 4201, Changes ia. propor tion of population in “AU Cities” and "All Towns & Villages” to total population is Indicated in the following table