Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011

Awal Amazigh
Uṭṭun wiss 3 Mares / Krayur 2011 Tasɣunt n Tussna d Yidles d Timetti
 Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011

Awal Amazigh Agbur:

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www.awal-amazigh.org

tussna@gmail.com
Manwi,
Tasɣunt n Tussna Mennaw,
d Yidles d Timetti Mani
Ssawalen Tamaziɣt?

Uṭṭun: 3
Mares / Krayur
2011
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Anemhal amaẓṛag:
Amaḍal Amaziɣ:
Moubarik Belkasim
Iḍennaḍ: Barbaria
Assa: Tamazɣa
ISSN:
2211-0461

Akk imuɣad twaṭṭfen

16 Amezruy Amaziɣ:
© 2011
Amgaru Amazɣan
All rights reserved Amirikan
© 2011
(Barbary Wars)

AƐBCČDḌEFGǦƔ
HḤIJKLMNQRṚ
SṢTṬUWXYZẒ

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 Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011
Amaḍal Amaziɣ
Tutlayt

Manwi, mennaw, d mani

ssawalen tutlayt Tamaziɣt?
Moubarik Belkasim

Wer nessin ara nican mennaw n yiwdan iy yessawalen Tamaziɣt.

Iwunak n umaḍal Amaziɣ ttagin ad adfen di tɣawsa yad, acku llant
ɣur-s tisektiwin (dimensions) tisertanin dewsent aṭṭas.

Deg useggʷas n 2004, tanbaḍt Tamerrukant tenna belli 28% waha

(ukan) n imezdaɣ n Umerruk ssawalen Tamaziɣt (ca n 8 melyun n
iwdan).

Maca aṭṭas n yiwdan twalan belli uṭṭun ad d ameẓẓyan aṭṭas, wer

deg-s telli tidett.

Aselway n Usinag Ageldan n Tussna Tamaziɣt, Dr. Ahmed

Boukouss, inna ɣakudann (rexdenni) belli uṭṭunen-ad iggʷjen
(aggugen) xef tidett minzi (acku) maci akk n midden twaseqsen
nican xef ma ssawalen tutlayt Tamaziɣt niɣ uhu. Kra n imusnilsen
(linguists) zeg umaḍal Amaziɣ, am Dr. Ahmed Boukouss, d Turuft
(Urubba), am Dr. Harry Stroomer, llant ɣur-sen ca n tukzawin
(estimations) ɣef wuṭṭunen n imessawalen n Tmaziɣt. Dr. Ahmed
Boukouss ttuɣa yenna is ca n 85% in Imerrukanen ttuɣa ssawalen
Tamaziɣt di 1956. Dr. Harry Stroomer zi Hulanda itwala belli llan
din 8 ar 9 melyun n iwdan ssawalen Tamaziɣt Tacelḥit deg
Umerruk.
Tanbaḍt Tamerrukant ttini belli 8 melyun ssawalen Tacelḥit d
Tmaziɣt n Watlas, d Tmaziɣt Tarifit!

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 Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011

Tamaziɣt Tamurt Uṭṭun n Aɣbalu n talɣut

imessawalen
ISO 639-2 / ISO 639-5: ber
Tamaziɣt Tacelḥit   8 melyun  Harry Stroomer, 2008, Evidence 
and Counter‐Evidence: essays in 
ISO 639-3: shi
honour of Frederik Kortlandt, 
Volume 2, page: 389. 
  
www. 
centrederechercheberbere.fr 
Tamaziɣt Taqbaylit  5,5 melyun  www. 
ISO 639-3: kab centrederechercheberbere.fr 
Tamaziɣt n Watlas  4,5 melyun  www. 
ISO 639-3: tzm centrederechercheberbere.fr 
Tamaziɣt Tarifit  3 melyun  www. 
ISO 639-3: rif centrederechercheberbere.fr 
Tamaziɣt Tacawit  2 melyun  www. 
ISO 639-3: shy centrederechercheberbere.fr 
Tuareg  1,5 melyun  www. 
Tamaceq / Tamahaq (Nijer)  centrederechercheberbere.fr 
ISO 639-2: tmh
Tamaceq
ISO 639-3: taq (Mali) 

Tamajaq /
Tawellemmedt
ISO 639-3: ttq
Tamajeq / Tayert
ISO 639-3: thz
(Burkina Fasu) 
Tamahaq / Tahaggart
ISO 639-3: thv
(Čad) 

Tamaziɣt Tanfusit + 210.000  Ethnologue, 2006 

Tamaziɣt n Djerba
ISO 639-3: jbn

Haqbaylit / Tacenwit 76.000  Ethnologue, 2007 

+ Bni Mnaser (U. Laval) 
ISO 639-3: cnu

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 Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011

Tamaziɣt Tumẓabt 70.000  Ethnologue, 1995 

ISO 639-3: mzb
Taznatit / Timimun / 40.000  Ethnologue, 1995 
Gurara / Twat
ISO 639-3: grr
Siwi / Tasiwit 15.000  Lameen Souag, 2010, Grammatical 
ISO 639-3: siz Contact in the Sahara, page: 17 
Taɣdamsit 12.000  Ethnologue, 2006 
ISO 639-3: gha

Ɣumara / Taɣumart  10.000  J. El Hannouche, 2008, Ghomara 

ISO 639-3: gho Berber: a brief grammatical  
survey, page: 21 

Tamaziɣt n Tidikelt 9.000  Ethnologue, 1995 

ISO 639-3: tia
Tamaziɣt n Timasin 6.000  Ethnologue, 1995 
(Wad Righ)
ISO 639-3: tjo
Tamaziɣt n Isuknan / 5.600  Ethnologue, 2006 

Tamaziɣt n Sukna
ISO 639-3: swn
Teggargrent / Wargla 5.000  Ethnologue, 1995 
ISO 639-3: oua
Tamaziɣt n Metmata / 3.700  Sadok Sahli, 1983,  
Tamezret La population berbère devant les 
ISO 639-3: jbn problèmes modernes en Tunisie, 
page: 373 

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 Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011

Tamaziɣt n Awgila / 3.000  Ethnologue, 2000 

Awjila
ISO 639-3: auj
Ẓnaga / Taẓnagt / 200  Ethnologue 
Tuḍḍungiyya
ISO 639-3: zen
Tamaziɣt n Figig, Ic, ?  15.000 +/‐  Imezdaɣ n Figig: 13.300 
Mecriyya, Cellala, Imezdaɣ n Igli: 6.600 
Wehran Imezdaɣ n Cellala: 3.700 
(Sud oranais) Imezdaɣ n Meghrar: 4.700 
+ Tabeldit n Igli
ISO 639-3: tzm
Tamaziɣt n Senhaja ?  Peter Behnstedt, 2002, La 
n Srayr frontera entre el beréber y 
ISO 639-3: sjs el árabe en El Rif,  
page: 10 
Tamaziɣt n Bni Snus ‐
+ Tarifit n Arzew
ISO 639-3: rif
?   
Tacelḥit n Dzayer ‐
Beccar + Tinduf
provinces
(Southwestern Algeria) ?   
ISO 639-3: shi
Tamaziɣt n Sened / ‐
Tmagurt
ISO 639-3: sds ?   

Tetserret / Tin Sert ‐

(Nijer)

?   

Uṭṭun n imessawalen n tutlayt Tamaziɣt: 25 melyun 

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 Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011
Amaḍal Amaziɣ
Tarukaṛḍa

Barbary.. Tamazgha.. Amaḍal Amaziɣ

Herman Moll, London, aseggʷas n 1736

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 Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011

“Barbary” s Tinglizt.

“Barbaria” s Talatint.

“Barberia” s Titalyant.

“Berbería” s Tasebbanyut
(Tasbenyult).

“Barbarie” niɣ “Berbérie”

s Tafransist.

“Barbarije” s Tahulandit.

“Berberei” s Talimant.

‫ بالد البربر‬s Taɛrabt

Imaziɣen s imant nsen ttuɣa ssizwilen tamurt tayemmat nsen s

izewlan am “tamurt nneɣ”, “amur”, “tamazirt”, “aɣlan”, ...atg.
Izmer ad ilin Imaziɣen imezwura ra ttinin i tmurt nsen “Tamurt
Imaziɣen”. Maca wer nessin tidett nican.
Nessen belli Imaziɣen imezwuren ttuɣa ttinin i tutlayt nsen “Awal
Amaziɣ”. Ayad (manaya) illa di tira tizaykutin n Sus (Muḥemmed
Awzal, Ḥemmu Ṭṭaleb, Brahim Aẓnag,...atg).

Ẓeṛ adlis Muḥammad Awzal and the Berber literary tradition of

the Sous, Nico van den Boogert, 1995, Leiden, Hulanda.

Ẓeṛ adlis Introduction à la littérature berbère, Abdellah Bounfour,

1999, Paris, Fransa.

Tutlayt Tamaziɣt ttuɣa ttinin as s Talatint “Lingua Mazicanae”, niɣ

“Lingua Barbaricae” niɣ “Lingua Libicae”.
Deg uzyen wiss sin n timiḍi tiss 20t, yeffeɣ-d wawal amynu
“Tamazɣa” d wawal “Amaḍal Amaziɣ” ak umussu adelsan Amaziɣ.

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 Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011

Gerardus Mercator, Amsterdam, aseggʷas n 1630

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 Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011

Philipp Clüver, Leiden, aseggʷas n 1624

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 Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011

Abraham Ortelius, Antwerpen, aseggʷas n 1574

Abraham Ortelius, Amsterdam, aseggʷas n 1596

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 Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011

Guillaume De L’Isle, Paris, aseggʷas n 1707

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 Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011

Christopher Browne, London, aseggʷas n 1697

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 Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011

Jan Janszoon / Jan Jansson / Johannes Janssonius, Amsterdam, 1647

Conrad Malte-Brun, Paris / København, 1837

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 Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011

Guillaume Delisle, Paris, aseggʷas n 1726

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Amaḍal Amaziɣ Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011

Amezruy

Amgaru Amazɣan Amirikan Moubarik Belkasim

Amgaru Amazɣan Amirikan Amezwaru (the First Barbary War)

d amgaru iy yemsaren deg iseggusa n 1801-1805 jar Iwunak
Imaziɣen / Imazɣanen (Barbary States) d Tmaẓlayin Imunen n
Amirika (United States of America).

Iwunak Imazɣanen d: Tageldit Taɛalawit n Murakuc

(‫ )سلطنة مراكش العلوية‬d El Wilayat Tiɛutmaniyin n Dzayer, Tunes,
d Ṭrables. El Wilayat nni ttuɣa-tent
sadu tenbaḍt n Istanabul s yisem
waha (ukan). Maca di tidett, nitenti
ttuɣa llant d tigeldiyin yemsebḍan.
Izewlan (ismawen) nniḍen n
umgaru ad llan: Amgaru n Uftas
Amazɣan (Barbary Coast War) niɣ
Amgaru n Ṭrables (Tripolitan War).

Aɣeṛṛabu Amirikan umenɣi “USS Philadelphia”,

icemmeḍ deg usagen n Ṭrables di 16 Yebrayer
1804. Aɣeṛṛabu yad skemḍen t Imirikaniyen s
ifassen nsen ami wer zmiren a tt id-arren zeg
ifassen n Iṭrablesiyen. Taklut s ufus n unaẓur
Edward Moran di 1897.

Iɣeṛṛuba n Iceffaren Imazɣanen n Yill (Barbary Pirates) ttuɣa

ssaggʷaden timizar d iwunak n Yill Agrakal marra. Tteṭṭfen iɣeṛṛuba
n Irubbawiyen d Imirikaniyen d mayen day-sen d wi day-sen.
Iceffaren n Yill (pirates) nni ttuɣa ttettren tmenyat (idrimen /
iqarriḍen) zeg ayt bab n iɣeṛṛuba nni.
Aṭṭas n iwunak n Turuft (Urubba) am Sebbanya, Fransa, Hulanda,
d Britanya ttuɣa tticcen idrimen (tmenyat) i Iceffaren n Yill afad ad
jjen iɣeṛṛuba nsen ad ɛdun (ad zrin).

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 Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011

Iceffaren n Yill ttuɣa ssadafen-d aṭṭas n idrimen zeg uzenzi n

mayen (d wi) ttuɣa tteṭṭfen deg iɣeṛṛuba nni. Tedwel ɣur-sen ict
tdewsi d tameqqrant.
Awarni ami yenker umgaru jar Ṭrables d Amirika, aɣeṛṛabu
Amirikan “USS Enterprise” yerna yan uɣeṛṛabu n Ṭrables (14 n
iḍebjiyen) awarni ijen umenɣi d ameqqran zzat i uftas n Ṭrables.

Di 1804, ṭṭfen iserdasen (iɛeskariyen) n Ṭrables yan uɣeṛṛabu

umenɣi n Amirika d ameqqran, izwel nnes “USS Philadelphia”.
Iserdasen Imirikaniyen xef “USS Philadelphia” ttwaṭṭfen di Ṭrables.

Iserdasen n Ṭrables dewlen sseqdacen aɣeṛṛabu Amirikan “USS

Philadelphia” s taḍebjit (artillery guns) nnes mgal Imirikaniyen s
imant nsen.
Deg uneggar, udfen (kecmen) ca n iserdasen Imirikaniyen ɣer “USS
Philadelphia”, qqden as timessi.

Di 14 Yulyuz 1804 d awarn-as, wtin Imirikaniyen Ṭrables ca n

twalatin (kra n tikkal) s taḍebjit (artillery).

Deg umgaru ad, xedmen ca n 500 n ijujiten (lmurtaziqa) Igrigen d

Waɛraben deg iɣeṛṛuba n Imirikaniyen deg umgaru nsen mgal
Imazɣanen. Tageldit n Swid tudef ula d netta ak Imirikaniyen s
3 iɣeṛṛuba mgal Imazɣanen.

Deg uɣezdis n Imazɣanen mmuten ca n 800 zeg-sen. Deg uɣezdis

Amirikan mmuten ca n 35 iserdasen Imirikaniyen d ijen wuṭṭun wer
itwassen n ijujiten (lmurtaziqa).

Di May 1805, 10 iserdasen Imirikaniyen d ca n 500 n ijujiten

(Igrigen, Imaziɣen, Aɛraben) ḍran di tmurt, ṭṭfen iɣrem n Derna.
Imirikaniyen ttuɣa xsen (ran) ad adfen xef Ṭrables. Maca amgaru
ibedd jar Amirika d Ṭrables s yat temyaqqant n talwit (peace
treaty).

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Amgaru Amazɣan Amirikan Wiss Sin (the Second Barbary

War) d amgaru yemsaren gar Iwunak Imazɣanen (Barbary States)
d Amirika (USA) deg useggʷas n 1815.

Iwunak Imazɣanen yudfen

g umgaru nni ttuɣa llan d:
Dzayer, Tunes, d Ṭrables.
Imenɣan ineẓmayen
(ixataren) msaren jar
Idzayriyen d Imirikaniyen
deg ill ɣer tewwurt n Dzayer.
Deg umgaru a mmuten 53 n
Imaziɣen n Dzayer d 4
iserdasen Imirikaniyen.

Amgaru-ad yemsar ami ssentan Iceffaren Imazɣanen n Yill

(Barbary Pirates) tteṭṭfen iɣeṛṛuba n Imirikaniyen d Irubbawiyen
deg Ill Agrakal.
Imaziɣen d Yimselmen nniḍen, ttinin (qqaṛen) i manaya “El Jihad El
Beḥri” (‫ )الجھاد البحري‬maci “tukkeṛḍa n yill”.

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Libya, fus deg ufus

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 Awal Amazigh - Mares / Krayur 2011

Libya fus deg ufus

Ɣer Geddafi s uherkus

Iceffaren d yimanɣan
Tarwa n Libya a ten ssufɣen

El Geddafi Wikileaks
A t nessufeɣ s kliniks

El Geddafi d amanɣi
Wer yejji mani wer yenɣi

Idammen n iniɣan
Ttazzlen am iɣeẓran

Inni yewcin tudert nsen

Wer tettut minxef mmuten!

Aɣref n Libya ixes

Ad yeɣḍel anagraw nnes

Aɣref n Libya wer ira

Adlis nnes aziza

S timɣarin d yiryazen
A nazzel xef iceffaren

Zi Benɣazi ar Zwara
Tarwa n Libya d imezwura

Zi Mesrata ar Ɣat
Tagrawla ar tarennawt

Tallest n Libya terka

Tufat n Libya tefra

Tilelli d abrid nneɣ

Libya d tamurt nneɣ

Necnin nerzu tilelli

A nili niɣ wer ntili

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