Power Train Components

Introduction
• Reduction Gears - fast to slow
• Lubrication System - overcome friction
• Shaft components - turbines to the working
medium (ocean)
• Propeller - transform rotational energy into
thrust
 Reduction Gears
• Purposes
– Allow turbine and
propeller to operate
at most efficient
speeds
– Combine two
turbines to common
shaft
 Reduction Gears
• Gear Types
– Straight
• excessive vibration
• low power-transfer ability
– Helical
• Reduces vibration, quieter
• Higher power transfer
ability
• Excessive axial thrust
– Double Helical
• Two sets of teeth cut at
opposite angles
• Eliminates axial thrust
 Reduction Gears
• Reduction Process
– Pinion (small) gear
drives reduction (large)
gear
– Reduction ratio = turns
of pinion : turns of
reduction gear
– Double-reduction:
Double-reduction
reduction in 2 steps
(more compact design)
– For naval reduction
gears, normally 30:1
 Reduction Gears
• Locked Train
– Two sets of gears and
shafts
– Torque transmitted
equally
– Increases ability to
transmit torque using
smaller components
• Turbine shafts connected
to reduction gears by
flexible couplings to
allow for thermal
expansion
 Shaft Turning/Jacking Gear
• Electric motor that
rotates reduction gears,
turbines, and shaft w/o
using steam
– Cool down turbines after
operation
– Prior to startup for even
heating
– Position for maintenance
• Can be used to lock shaft
in place
– In event of casualty (i.e.,
loss of lube oil)
 Shaft Bearings
• Designed to support the
moving parts of:
– Shaft
– Turbines
• Thrust bearings
– Absorb axial forces
– Ex: Kingsbury Thrust
bearing
• Radial (Journal) bearings
– Absorb radial forces
 Lube Oil System
• Provide lubrication and remove heat generated by
bearings in overcoming friction
• Major components:
– Sump
– Pump Cooler
SW
– Strainer
Moving Parts
– Cooler
– Bearings Strainer
Pump

Sump
 Lube Oil System
• Lube oil can be kept in service for a long
time if kept pure (two methods)
• Batch Purification
– In-port only
– Uses heated settling tank
• Continuous Purification
– At-sea method
– Centrifugal purifier separates oil &
contaminants
 Propulsion Shaft
• Shaft is hollow: reduces weight & increases
resiliency
• Consists of four sections
– Thrust shaft - from thrust bearing in reduction
gears to end of engineroom
– Line shaft - located in shaft alley (supported by
line shaft bearings)
– Stern shaft - part of shaft which penetrates hull
(supported by Stern Tube bearings)
– Propeller shaft - shaft connected to propeller
(supported by Strut Bearings)
 Propulsion Shaft
• Different sections needed for easy
installation, removal, & maintenance
 Propeller
• Made of hub and blades & creates the thrust
necessary to propel the ship through the water
• Terms:
–Pitch: axial
distance advanced
during one
complete
revolution of screw
–Face: the pressure

side
–Back: the suction

side
 Propeller Types
• Constant vs. Variable Pitch
– Variable has the twisted look
– Adv: more efficient over wide
range of speeds
• Fixed vs. Controllable Pitch
– In controllable, blades can
rotate on hub to change pitch
(change direction)
• Right vs. Left Hand Screw
– Viewed from aft of ship
– Twin-screw ships have one of
each
 Propeller
• Cavitation
– Formation and subsequent collapse of bubbles as
propeller turns
– Occurs at critical speed
• Effects
– High level of underwater noise
– Erosion of blades
– Vibrabtion with subsequent blade failure from metallic
fatigue
– Overall loss of propeller efficiency
Propeller Power vs. Shaft RPM
• Flow  RPM; Thrust (head)  RPM2;
Power  RPM3
• So, if 10% power yields 100 RPM, how
much power will produce 200 RPM?

10% x% x = 10 * (200/100)3
1003 2003 = 80% power
Questions?