Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PREFACE
The purpose of this manual is to establish uniformity in design and application of all traffic
signs and control devices in Malaysia for the benefit of road users, road and traffic authorities, and
manufacturers of traffic signs.
This manual supersedes and forms part of the revised version of JKR/J(Rb) 0001/80, Manual
On Traffic Control Devices - Traffic Signs. The Manual is now divided into the following parts:
1. Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2A/85 - Standard Traffic Signs. Standard traffic signs drawings
for Regulatory, Warning and Guide signs are illustrated complete with dimensions. A
coloured chart for all the traffic signs indicated acceptable colours for each sign.
2. Arahan Teknik (Jalan)2B/85 - Traffic Sign Application. It consists of, with the exception
of Temporary signs, design criteria and location requirements for all traffic signs.
3. Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2C/85 -- Temporary Signs and Work Zones Control It consists of
standard temporary sign drawings and their application in the work zones.
4. Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2D/85 - Road Markings and Delineation Standard road line
paints, road markings and delineators are identified together with guides on their appli
cations.
The specifications in this manual are recommended to be used for all new signs and for
all replacements of existing signs which have outlived their usefulness.
Page 1
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY TRAFFIC SIGN APPLICATIONS
SUMMARY
TRAFFIC SIGN APPLICATIONS 3. Functions of Colours on Traffic Sign
a) Red on White background or vice versa
1. Types of Traffic Sign i) Prohibitive
ii) Warning for extreme danger
a) Regulatory Signs
i) Prohibitive Signs b) White on Blue background
ii)Mandatory Signs i) Mandatory
ii) Directive (destination and dis
b) Warning Signs tance)
c) Guide Signs iii) Inform on general services.
i) Destination Signs
ii) Distance Signs c) White on Green background
iii)Information Signs i) Inform on river names
- General Service Signs ii) Inform on historical and cultural
- Historical & Cultural interest areas.
- Interest Area Signs
- Recreational Area Signs d) Yellow on Dark Green background
- Town Name Signs i) Inform on recreational areas
- River Name Signs
e) Black on White background
d) Route Markers i) Prohibitive for some cases
e) Temporary Signs ii) Inform on town names
b) Octagonal
i) Minimum size : Width = 600 mm.
ii) Other size : Width = 900 mm
c) Triangular (Equilateral)
i) Minimum size ; Width = 600 mm
ii) Normal size : Width = 750 mm
e) Rectangular
Size varies according to legend
(word message/symbol) on sign.
Warning
PART TWO: TRAFFIC SIGNS
Nevertheless, in urban areas where side poles where permitted, thereby saving
walk width is limited or where existing expense and minimizing sidewalk
poles are close to the guardrail, a clear- obstruction. Standard ,JKR post and
ance of 0.3m is permissible. Refer to taunting procedures should be used for
Fig. 1 and Fig.2 Appendix A. all. posts and mountings of traffic signs.
Over crossing structures can sometimes
2.11 Erection of Traffic Sign serve as the support for overhead traffic
All traffic signs shall be mounted signs, and under some circumstances,
approximately at right angles to the may be the only practical solution that
direction of and facing the traffic that will provide adequate viewing distance.
they are to serve, i.e.870 tilt if the sign is Use of such structures as sign supports
erected 5m or more away from the road- will eliminate the need for the founda -
way edge, or 930 tilt if the sign is erect- tions and sign supports along the road
ed less than 5m away from the roadway side. On urban expressways or divided
edge. Where mirror reflection from the highways where overhead crossings are
sign face is encountered in such degree closely spaced, it is desirable to place
as to reduce legibility, the sign should be signs on overpasses or bridges to
turned slightly away from the road. enhance safety and economy.
Where signs are offset 9m or more from
the roadway edge, signs should general- 2.13 Maintenance of Traffic Signs
ly be turned toward the road. At All traffic. signs should be kept in prop-
curved alignments, the angle of place- er position, clean and legible at all times.
ment should be determined by the Damaged signs should be replaced with
course of approaching traffic rather than out undue delay. A suitable schedule for
by the roadway edge at the point where inspection, cleaning and replacement of
the sign is located. Sign faces normally signs should be established. Special
are vertical, but on grades it may be attention and necessary action should
desirable to tilt a sign forward or back- also be taken to see that weeds, trees,
ward from the vertical to improve the shrubs and construction materials do not
viewing angle. Refer to Fig. 3 in obscure the face of any sign. JKR,
Appendix A. police, other governmental employees
and the general public should be encour
2.12 Post and Mounting of Traffic aged to report any damaged or obscured
Signs signs at the first opportunity to AR or
Traffic sign posts, mountings, and their the road authorities at the Maintenance
foundations shall be so constructed as to Section.
hold signs in a proper and permanent
position, to resist swaying in the wind or 2.14 Traffic Sign Materials
displacement by vandalism. Except for signs erected along major
In areas where ground mounted sign highways and all BERHENTI signs,
supports cannot be sufficiently offset which uses High Intensity retroreflective
from the roadway edge, sign supports sheeting, the minimum requirement for
should be of a suitable breakaway or traffic signs in Malaysia is a material
yielding design. Concrete base for sign known as Engineering Grade retro-
supports should be flush with the ground reflective sheeting. However, it is recog-
level. In some cases, signs can be cor- nised that technological progress may
rectly placed on existing supports develop new and more satisfactory or
used for other purposes, such as traffic superior materials for traffic signs, par-
signals, street lights, and public utility ticularly in the fields of illumination and
reflectorization. This Manual should not
CHROMATICITY COORDINATES
1 2 3 4
COLOUR
X X X X
Y Y Y Y
will give road users sufficient time to words and lines should not be less
read the sign before passing it. In than 3/4 of the letter height. However,
general, for highway in rural dis when only capitals are used the spac-
tricts other than major highways; ing between rows of words may be
the principal word message on reduced to 1/2 letter height.
guide signs shall be in letters at Nevertheless, the task of spacing let-
least 150mm in height. On less tering Series 1 has been made simpler
important rural roads and urban by the introduction of letter mosaics.
streets, the principal word mes - The size of each letter mosaic is fixed.
sage shall be at least 100mm high. Therefore in order to form a word, the
On expressways and major high- relevant letter mosaic is taken and
ways the principal word messages placed adjacent to one another. The
shall be in letters at least 200mm positioning of the alphabet within the
high. mosaic is already calculated.
Lettering Series 1 is used on all guide
Letter height = 2tV + 5.7s (mm) signs. See Appendix 2 in Arahan
0.04d Teknik (Jalan) 2A/85.
where t = time required for a sim- 2C.5.5 Legibility distance for guide signs is
ple glance (1.5 seconds influenced by:
for a simple sign) (i) alphabet design
(ii) letter height
v = vehicle speed in meter per
second (iii) letter width
s = distance from the center of (iv) letter stroke
sign to the line of travel of (v) letter spacing
the road user (6.6 meters (vi) sign margin
for signs less than 6 meters
(vii) word and line spacing
long)
(viii) colour, contrast and bright-
d = distance in meter at which
ness
25mm letters can be read
(d = 15m)
See Table 1 in Appendix A. 2C.6 Border on Guide Signs
2C.6.1 The use of a narrow border improves
the appearance of a sign and makes it
2C.5.3 The height-stroke width ratio should
more conspicuous. The border should
be approximately 1:5. The height-
be of the same colour as the word
width ratio varies with individual let-
message or symbol and should be at
ters.
or just inside the edge. A dark bor-
der should be set in from the edge,
2C.5.4 In general, the spacing between letters
while a light border should extend to
of the same word should be about 1.5
the edge of the plate.
times the stroke width for paralleled
strokes but for strokes of opposing
2C.6.2 In general, a 750mm sign with a light
slope the spacing may be reduced
background use a border of 15mm to
proportionately. A generous spacing is
20mm in width, and set in 1Omm
advisable whenever practical, for
from the edge. For other sizes of
high legibility and is mandatory in
signs, border widths should be of sim-
numerals. The spacing between
ilar proportions but should not ordi-
2C.6.4 Border line or dividing line across the direction. however, the use of cardinal
signboard, stacking, shall be used signs should be kept to a minimum.
when the destinations indicated are of
different directions on a destination
signboard. It is not required on a dis- 2C.8 Destination Signs
tance or information signboard. 2C.8.1 Destination signs shall be a horizontal
rectangle carrying the name of towns
villages or other objectives and direc-
2C.7 Directional Symbols on Guide tional. arrows. The distance to the
Signs place named may also be shown. If
2C.7.1 Arrows are used to indicate the direc several, destinations are shown on a
tions toward destinations. The arrows single panel, the several names are so
should be made to point horizontally placed with an arrow (and the dis-
or vertically or at any desired angle to tance, if desired) for each name. If
convey a clear comprehension of the more than one destination lies In the
direction to be taken. At right-angle same direction, a single arrow may be
intersections a horizontal. arrow is used for such a group of destinations.
appropriate. On a roadside sign a however, adequate separation or
directional arrow for a straight- stacking should be made between any
through movement should point verti- destination or group of destinations in
cally upwards. For a turn the arrow one direction and those in other direc
should be pointed upward at a 45- tions.
degree angle related to the sharpness
of the turn. If there is more than one 2C.8.2 On a destination sign, an arrow point-
ing to the right shall be at the extreme proper lane for turning if necessary.
right of the name and an arrow point- Supplementary or confirmatory desti-
ing left or vertically shall be at the nation signs may be erected on the far
extreme left, unless there is only one left-hand corner before entering the
direction to turn, in which case the intersection or at a °T' or °Y' junction,
arrow may be at the bottom of the on the far side of the junction directly
sign. The distance figures, it used, ahead of approaching traffic. Refer to
shall follow after the destination Fig.4 in Appendix A.
name. The horizontal or sloping
arrow should be of sufficient length to 2C.8.6 High speed highways require special
clearly distinguish them from the ver- types of destination signs. Such signs
tical arrows, See Table 2. should indicate destinations and
directions, in a single large sign,
2C.8.3 Not more than two or three names placed in such a sequence as to give
should normally be used in combina- road users advance information con-
tion on one or more sign. As a gen- cerning diverging roadways and con-
eral rule, the next important town or firming information at the actual point
point lying straight ahead should be at of divergence.
the top of the sign, and below it the
next important destinations to the left 2C.8.7 Three destination signs in advance of
and to the right, in that order. In the a diverging roadway, such as a slip
case of overlapping routes, there road or a ,junction, and one sign at the
should be shown only one destination junction itself shall be provided on all
in each direction for each route. If heavily trafficked major roads or
there is more than one destination multi-lane highways. The first
shown in any direction, the name of advance destination sign shall be
the nearest city or town shall, appear erected one kilometer away from the
above that of any farther away. The junction, and shall carry both the
destination shown for each direction name(s) of town(s) of the turning
should ordinarily be the next principal roadway and the distance one kilo-
town rather. than a more distant desti- meter. The second advance destina-
nation. tion sign shall be erected 500 meters
away from the junction and shall be
2C.8.4 If preferred, the names of major desti- similar to the first sign except it will
nations may be in larger letters than carry the distance 500 meters.
those of minor destinations on the The third sign which is an ordinary
same sign. If several individual, destination sign, shall be erected
name panels are assembled into a 100m to 150m in advance of the junc-
group, all panels in the assembly tion. The final sign shall be erected in
should be of the same length. the gore area or on the tar left-hand
side on entering the junction. A warn-
2C.8.5 Destination signs should be generally ing sign normally supplements these
located at a distance not less than signs, and is generally placed 50m
100m and not more than 150m in (urban) or 80m (rural) away from, but
advance of the intersections on local before coming to, the third destination
streets and minor roads. Road users sign. Refer to Fig. ,5 and Fig.6 in
must be given sufficient time to make Appendix A.
up their minds as to the direction they
wish to go before reaching the inter 2C.8.8 The omission of any reference to the
sections, so that they can get into the exit or junctions in the final destina-
2C.9.2 Distance signs shall be erected on (ii) Historical and Cultural Interest Area Signs
important routes leaving municipali- Colours : White letters, symbols and
ties, and just beyond intersections in borders, Green background
rural districts, or at intervals of Lettering: Series 1, 100mm height
approximately 20 km along the route. Utilization : Inform road users of the
However, these signs need not be names and directions of
used on minor roads. historical or cultural
interest areas.
2C.9.3 Distance signs shall be erected on the
left-hand side of the road, facing the (iii) Recreational Area Signs
traffic, approximately 100m from an
Colours : Yellow .letters, symbols and
intersection or 70m beyond an accel-
borders Dark Green back
eration lane. Where a road passes
ground
through a municipality, distance signs
shall be erected 100m outside the Lettering . Series 1, 100 mm height
municipal limits or at the edge of the Utilization : Inform road users of the
built-up districts. Refer to Fig.4 and names and directions of recre-
Fig.6 in Appendix A. ational areas.
Clause (2.9) and (2.10) respectively. sign (WD.2bshall be used. (See clause
However, a lateral clearance of 4.5m is (3.3.3), Winding Road sign for location
desirable whenever possible. Refer to of sign).
Fig.8 in Appendix A.
3.3 Hills, Turns and Curves 3.3.3 Winding Road Sign (WD.11)
In areas where the horizontal and vertical The Winding Road sign is intended for
elements of a road change unexpectedly, use where there is a series of turns or
it is necessary to provide traffic control curves, as defined in the warrant for
devices to notify the driver of the Reverse Curve sign, separated by chord
impending change. This is especially distances of less than 180 meters. When
critical when a major change in the road the Winding Road sign is used, it shall be
character occurs. The following traffic erected in advance of the first curve.
control devices can be used to provide Additional. guidance may be provided by
this notification whenever the effective the installation of road delineation mark-
design speed changes and/or sight dis- ers and by use of the advisory speed
tances are not sufficient or when a section plate.
line road intersects a standard parallel and
The advisory Speed plate is intended for
the offset correction occurs in the road.
use to supplement. Warning signs. It may
be used in conjunction with any standard
3.3.1 Curve Sign (WD.10a, WD.10b)
yellow Warning sign to indicate the max-
The curve sign is intended for use where imum recommended speed (determined
engineering investigations of roadway, by an engineering study) around a curve
geometric, and operating conditions or through hazardous .location. It shall
show the recommended speed on the not be used alone.
curve to be in the range between 50 and
This Winding Road sign should be locat-
100 kilometer per hour and equal to or
ed at a distance 2.30m in advance of
less than the speed limit established by
the tangent point to the first curve. The
law or by regulation for that section of
vertical and lateral clearances for this
highway. Additional protection may be
sign are as observed in Part Two earlier,
provided by use of an advisory Speed
Clause (2.9) and (2.10) respectively.
plate. If the curve is to the right, a Right
Refer to Fig. 10 Appendix A.
Curve sign (WD.l0a) shall be used, and if
the curve is to the left, a Left Curve sign
(WD.10b) shall be used. (See Clause
3.3.4 Chevron Delineator Sin (WD.39a,
3.3.3), Winding Road Sign for location of
WD.39b)
sign).
A Chevron Delineator sign may be used
to supplement standard delineation treat-
3.3.2 Reverse Curve Sign ments. It is intended to provide addition
(WD.2a,WD.2b) al emphasis and guidance for vehicle
operators as to changes in horizontal
The Reverse Curve sign is intended for
alignment in the direction of travel. It is
use to mark a succession of two or more
not to be used where there is no change in
curves in opposite directions to each
the direction of travel(ends of median,
other. The warrant for this sign is when
center piers, etc). The Chevron
the chord distances separating the curves
Delineator signs, when used, shall be
is less than 180 meters. If the first curve
erected on the outside of a curve, lateral-
is to the right, a Right Reverse Curve sign
ly 6m apart from each other, in line with
(WD.2a) shall be used, and if the first
and at right angles to, approaching traffic.
curve is to the left a Left Reverse Curve
shoulder of the roadway. These bridges roadway alignment may make it undesir
should be marked to provide guidance to able for a driver to leave the roadway.
the drivers. Many special. problems exist Obstruction Markers are intended for use
in rural. areas with bridges. The follow- at such locations.
ing section shows devices which can be
An Obstruction Marker should be located
used in conjunction with narrow bridges
not more than 6m in advance of an
and culverts. Obstruction Markers are
obstruction, with its inside edge in line
used to mark obstructions within or adja-
with the inner edge of the obstruction.
cent to the roadway.
When erected, this marker should have a
vertical clearance of 1.2m above the level
of the roadway edge, measured from the
3.4.1 Narrow Bridge Sign (WD.35) bottom of the marker.
A Narrow Bridge sign is intended for use Preferably, three Obstruction Markers
on two--way roadways in advance of a should be erected on each side of the road
bridge or culvert having a clear roadway in advance of underpass piers, bridge
width of less than .5 meters or having a abutments, handrails and culvert. head
clear roadway width of less than 6 meters walls. These markers should be placed
when a high proportion of the traffic is 2m apart from each other, and the one
commercial vehicles. In other words this nearest the obstruction should be placed
sign is intended for use on roadways in 2m in advance of the obstruction. The
advance of a bridge having roadway markers should be arranged such that the
clearance less than the width of the one furthest from the obstruction would
approach pavement. The Narrow Bridge be erected 3.6m away from the road
sign is also intended for use when there edge. Refer to Fig. l and Fig.12 In
exist a poor alignment on the approach to Appendix A.
heavy and/or fast moving. Refer to Fig. and lateral clearances for this sign are as
14 in Appendix A. stated in Part Two earlier, Clause (2.9)
and (2.10) respectively. Refer to Fig. 15
in Appendix A.
3.6.3 School Speed Limit Sign
(WD.43)
The School Speed Limit sign shall be 3.7.2 Speed Limit Sign (RP.17)
used to indicate the speed limit where a The Speed Limit sign shall display the
reduced speed zone for a school are has limited speed established by law, or by
been established (after an engineering regulation, after an engineering and
and traffic investigation) or when a speed traffic investigation has been made in
limit is specified for such areas by statute. accordance with established traffic
This sign should be erected at a distance engineering practices. The speed limits
200m or not less than 150m in urban shown shall be in multiples of 10 kilo-
areas, and 230m or not less than 180m in meter per hour.
rural areas or high speed highways, in In order to determine the proper numeri-
advance of Children Crossing sign cal, value (speed limit) for a speed zone,
(WD.1.5). The vertical and lateral clear- the following factors should be consid-
ances for this sign are as stated in Part ered:
Two earlier, Clause (2.9) and (2.10)
respectively. Refer to Fig.14 in (a) Road surface characteristics, shoulder
Appendix A. condition, grade, alignment and sight
3.7 Speed Zones distance.
A speed zone is an area where a speed (b) The 85-percentile speed and pace
limit has been established by law, or by speed.
regulation, after an engineering and (c) Roadside development and cul-
traffic investigation has been made in ture, and roadside friction.
accordance with established traffic (d) Safe speed for curves or
engineering practices. In general, speed hazardous locations within the
zones are town areas and those residential zone.
areas that are adjacent to rural, or high-
speed open highways. The following (e) Parking practices and pedestrian
section describes, in order, the traffic activity.
signs that are used in conjunction with (f) Reported accident experience for
speed zones. a recent 12-month period.
3.7.3 End Of Speed Limit Sign (RP.9). The vertical and lateral clearances for
End of Speed Limit sign is intended to be these signs are as stated in Part Two
used on highways In rural areas,in con earlier, clause (2.9) and (2.10)
junction with ZON HAD LAJU sign respectively. Refer to Fig. 16 in
(RP.16) to inform the motorist that he has Appendix A.
reached the end of the speed zone and
should proceed with the normal speed
limit posted earlier (before the speed 3.8.2 Supplementary Signs
zone) for that highway. When used, this AWAS (WD.1'7), KURANGKAN
sign shall be erected 100 m away from LAJU and KENDERAAN BERAT
the boundary line of the established speed IKUT KIRI signs normally supplement
zone. The vertical. and lateral clearances the TIMBANG (WD.41) signs
for this sign are as stated in Part Two mentioned above. The AWAS,
earlier, Clause (2.9) and (2.10) KURANGKAN LAJU and
respectively. Refer to Fig. 15 in KENDERAAN BERAT IKUT KIRI
Appendix A. signs shall be located lkm, 250m and
700m respectively, in advance of the
access road to the Permanent
3.8 Permanent Weighbridge Weighbridge Station. Their vertical and
Stations lateral clearances are as stated in Part
In some places, such as at ports of entry, Two earlier, Clause (2.9) and (2.10)
the law provides for the establishment of respectively. Refer to Fig. 16 In
Permanent Weighbridge Stations which Appendix A.
requires that trucks, lorries, and other 3.9 Recreational, Historical, and
heavy vehicles to stop at these stations for Cultural,_ Interest Areas
weighing, inspection, and clearance. When recreational, historical, and
Signs are usually necessary to direct the cultural interest areas are a significant
concerned traffic into the Permanent destination on a highway, special
Weighbridge Stations. The following Information signs may be posted for such
section shall describe in order, the signs areas, at least to the first point at which an
that should appear at the approach to each access road intersects the highway. A
Permanent Weighbridge Station. recreational, historical or cultural Interest
area information sign may be posted on
its own, or as a secondary (placed below
3.8.1 TIMBANG Sign (WD.41) a primary sign) sign. Similar to other
Two TIMBANG signs shall be used at guide signs, this special. information sign
the approach to each Permanent would be rectangular in shape and using
Weighbridge Station. The first sign shall lettering series 1 for its word messages.
be located 500m in advance of the access However, unlike any other guide sign, the
road to the station. An advance colours assigned for this special sign
destination sign carrying 'Lencongan Ke depend on its purpose, as are the
Jambatimbang' and the distance 500m following;
shall be mounted, as a secondary sign, on
the same post as the first sign. The second
sign shall be located at the access road to (i) Recreational Area signs have
the station with a destination sign, yellow letters, border and symbols
carrying an arrow and KENDERAAN on dark green background.
BERAT, attached to It as a secondary
sign.
APPENDIX A
LOCATION OF TRAFFIC SIGN
TABLE 1
RECOMMENDED LETTER HEIGHT
NOTE:
2) Terrain: F - Flat
R - Rolling
M - Mountainous
Il - Intermediate between I
and III
TABLE 2
NOTES :
1. ON GUADRAIL CURVES THERE SHOULDALWAYS BE TWO CHEVRON
DELINATOR SIGN IN THE DRIVER’S LINE VISION.
2. NUMBER OF CHEVRON DELINATOR SIGN SMALL DEPEND ON THE LENGTH
OF CURVE THE LONGER THE CURVE THE MORE THE NUMBER OF SIGN.
3. CHEVRON DELINATOR SIGN SMALL BE ERECTED AS INDICATED ABOVE.
4. ADVISORY SPEED SMALL BE DETERMINED BY THE ENGINEER AND THE
SPEED WILL NOT BE GREATER THAN THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT.
5. USE CURVE SIGN IF THE ROAD HAS NO REFETITIVE CURVE.
6. USE WINDING ROAD SIGN IF THE ROAD HAS MANY CURVE AND TURNS
SUCH AS THOSE ROADS IN HILL AREAS.