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© Ncert Not To Be Republished: Answers
© Ncert Not To Be Republished: Answers
ANSWERS
EXERCISE 1.1
d
1. (i) Neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
e
(ii) Neither reflexive nor symmetric but transitive.
h
(iii) Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
s
(iv) Reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
T i
(v) (a) Reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
R l
(b) Reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
b
(c) Neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
E
(d) Neither reflexive nor symmetric but transitive.
C u
(e) Neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
p
3. Neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
N re
5. Neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
9. (i) {1, 5, 9}, (ii) {1} 12. T1 is related to T3.
14. The set of all lines y = 2x + c, c ∈ R
© e
13. The set of all triangles
15. B 16. C
b
EXERCISE 1.2
1. No
o
2. (i) Injective but not surjective (ii) Neither injective nor surjective
t
(iii) Neither injective nor surjective (iv) Injective but not surjective
t
(v) Injective but not surjective
o
7. (i) One-one and onto (ii) Neither one-one nor onto.
9. No 10. Yes 11. D 12. A
n
EXERCISE 1.3
1. gof = {(1, 3), (3,1), (4,3)}
3. (i) (gof ) (x) = | 5 | x |– 2|, (fog) (x) = | 5x – 2|
(ii) (gof ) (x) = 2x, (fo g) (x) = 8x
4. Inverse of f is f itself
ANSWERS 269
e d
T
EXERCISE 1.4
s h
R l i
1. (i) No (ii) Yes (iii) Yes (iv) Yes (v) Yes
2. (i) ∗ is neither commutative nor associative
E b
(ii) ∗ is commutative but not associative
u
(iii) ∗ is both commutative and associative
C p
(iv) ∗ is commutative but not associative
N re
(v) ∗ is neither commutative nor associative
(vi) ∗ is neither commutative nor associative
© e
3. Λ 1 2 3 4 5
1 1 1 1 1 1
b
2 1 2 2 2 2
3 1 2 3 3 3
to
4 1 2 3 4 4
5 1 2 3 4 5
o
5. Yes
t
4. (i) (2 * 3) * 4 = 1 and 2 * (3 * 4) = 1 (ii) Yes (iii) 1
n
6. (i) 5 * 7 = 35, 20 * 16 = 80 (ii) Yes (iii) Yes (iv) 1 (v) 1
7. No 8. ∗ is both commutative and associative; ∗ does not have any identity in N
9. (ii) , (iv), (v) are commutative; (v) is associative. 10. (v)
11. Identity element does not exist.
12. (ii) False (ii) True 13. B
270 MATHEMATICS
y−7
1. g ( y) = 2. The inverse of f is f itself
10
3. x4 – 6x3 + 10x2 – 3x 8. No 10. n!
d
–1 –1
11. (i) F = {(3, a), (2, b), (1, c)}, (ii) F does not exist 12. No
e
15. Yes 16. A 17. B 18. No
h
19. B
T s
EXERCISE 2.1
R l i
−π π π −π
1. 2. 3. 4.
b
6 6 6 3
E
2π π π π
6. −
u
5. 7. 8.
3 4 6 6
C p
3π −π 3π 2π
N re
9. 10. 11. 12.
4 4 4 3
13. B 14. B
© e
EXERCISE 2.2
1 −1 π x π
−x
b
5. tan x 6. – sec–1 x 7. 8.
2 2 2 4
−1 x −1 x π
o
9. sin 10. 3tan 11. 12. 0
a a 4
t
x+ y 1 1 π
13. 14. 15. ± 16.
t
1 − xy 5 2 3
−π
o
17
17. 18. 19. B 20. D
4 6
n
21. B
EXERCISE 3.1
5
1. (i) 3 × 4 (ii) 12 (iii) 19, 35, – 5, 12,
2
2. 1 × 24, 2 × 12, 3 × 8, 4 × 6, 6 × 4, 8 × 3, 12 × 2, 24 × 1; 1 × 13, 13 × 1
d
3. 1 × 18, 2 × 9, 3 × 6, 6 × 3, 9 × 2, 18 × 1; 1 × 5, 5 × 1
e
⎡ 9⎤
⎡ 1⎤ ⎡9 25 ⎤
⎢2 2⎥
h
4. (i) ⎢ ⎥ (ii) ⎢1 2 ⎥ (iii) ⎢ 2 2⎥
⎢9 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
8⎥
T s
⎣2 1 ⎦ ⎣8 18 ⎦
⎢⎣ 2 ⎥⎦
⎡ 1
⎢1 2 0 2 ⎥
1⎤
R l i
b
⎢ ⎥ ⎡1 0 −1 −2 ⎤
E
⎢ 5
2
3 ⎥
1 (ii) ⎢3 2 1 0 ⎥
u
5. (i) ⎢
2 2 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
C
⎢ ⎥ ⎢
⎣5 4 3 2 ⎥⎦
⎢4 7 3 5 ⎥
p
⎣⎢ 2 ⎦⎥
N re
2
6. (i) x = 1, y = 4, z = 3
(ii) x = 4, y = 2, z = 0 or x = 2, y = 4, z = 0
© e
(iii) x = 2, y = 4, z=3
7. a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4
b
8. C 9. B 10. D
o
EXERCISE 3.2
t
⎡3 7 ⎤ ⎡1 1 ⎤
1. (i) A+ B = ⎢ ⎥ (ii) A − B = ⎢ ⎥
⎣5 −3 ⎦
t
⎣1 7 ⎦
⎡ 8 7⎤ ⎡ −6 26⎤
o
⎡11 10 ⎤
(iii) 3A − C = ⎢ ⎥ (iv) AB = ⎢ ⎥ (v) BA = ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 6 2⎦ ⎣ −1 19 ⎦ ⎣11 2 ⎦
n
⎡ 2a 2b ⎤ ⎡ (a + b )2 (b + c) 2 ⎤
2. (i) ⎢0 (ii) ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 2a ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ ( a − c)
2
( a − b ) 2 ⎥⎦
⎡11 11 0 ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎡1 1⎤
(iii) ⎢16 5 21⎥ (iv) ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣5 10 9 ⎥⎦ ⎣1 1⎦
272 MATHEMATICS
⎡2 3 4 ⎤
⎡ a2 + b2 0 ⎤ ⎢ ⎥ ⎡ − 3 − 4 1⎤
3. (i) ⎢ ⎥ (ii) ⎢ 4 6 8 ⎥ (iii) ⎢8 13 9 ⎥⎦
⎣⎢ 0 a 2 + b 2 ⎦⎥ ⎣
⎢⎣ 6 9 12 ⎥⎦
d
⎡14 0 42⎤ ⎡ 1 2 3⎤
⎢18 −1 56 ⎥ ⎢ 1 4 5⎥ ⎡14 −6 ⎤
e
(iv) (v) (vi) ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎣4 5⎦
⎢⎣ 22 −2 70 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ −2 2 0 ⎥⎦
h
⎡ 4 1 −1⎤ ⎡ −1 −2 0 ⎤
T s
4. A+ B = 9 2 7 , B − C = ⎢ 4 −1 3⎥
⎢ ⎥
i
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
R l
⎢⎣ 3 −1 4 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 1 2 0 ⎥⎦
b
⎡ 0 0 0⎤
E
⎢ 0 0 0⎥ ⎡1 0 ⎤
u
5. ⎢ ⎥ 6. ⎢ 0 1⎥
⎣ ⎦
C
⎢⎣ 0 0 0 ⎥⎦
p
⎡ 2 −12 ⎤ ⎡ 2 13 ⎤
N re
⎡ 5 0⎤ ⎡ 2 0⎤ ⎢ 5 ⎥, ⎢5 5⎥
7. (i) X= ⎢ ⎥ , Y=⎢ ⎥ (ii) X = ⎢ 5 ⎥ Y= ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1 4⎦ ⎣ 1 1⎦ ⎢ −11 3 ⎥ ⎢14 −2 ⎥
© e
⎢⎣ 5 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 5 ⎥⎦
⎡ −1 −1⎤
X= ⎢
b
8. ⎥ 9. x = 3, y = 3 10. x = 3, y = 6, z = 9, t = 6
⎣ −2 −1⎦
11. x = 3, y = – 4 12. x = 2, y = 4, w = 3, z = 1
o
⎡ 1 −1 −3 ⎤
t
⎢ ⎥
15. ⎢ −1 −1 −10 ⎥ 17. k = 1
t
⎢⎣ −5 4 4 ⎥⎦
o
19. (a) Rs 15000, Rs 15000 (b) Rs 5000, Rs 25000
20. Rs 20160 21. A 22. B
n1. (i)
⎡
⎢5
⎣
1
2
⎤
−1⎥
⎦
(ii)
EXERCISE 3.3
⎡ 1 2⎤
⎢ −1 3 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
⎡ −1
⎢
(iii) ⎢ 5 5
3 2⎤
3⎥
⎥
⎢6 6 −1⎥⎦
⎣
ANSWERS 273
⎡ 0 0 0⎤ ⎡ 0 a b⎤
⎡ − 4 5⎤ ⎢ 0 0 0 ⎥ , ⎢ −a
4. ⎢ ⎥ 9. 0 c⎥
⎣ 1 6⎦ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 0 0 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ −b −c 0 ⎥⎦
d
⎡3 3 ⎤ ⎡ 0 2 ⎤
10. (i) A = ⎢3 −1⎥ + ⎢ −2 0 ⎥
e
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
h
⎡ 6 −2 2 ⎤ ⎡0 0 0⎤
A = ⎢−2 −1 + ⎢0
⎥ 0⎥
T s
(ii) 3 0
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
i
⎢⎣ 2 −1 3 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 0 0 ⎥⎦
R1
b l
−5 ⎤ ⎡ 5 3⎤
E
⎢ 3 2 2⎥ ⎢0 2 2⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
u
A= ⎢
1
−2 ⎥ + ⎢ −5 3⎥
⎡ 1 2⎤ ⎡ 0 3⎤
C
(iii) −2 0 (iv) A = ⎢ ⎥+ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 2 ⎥ ⎢2 ⎥ ⎣ 2 2 ⎦ ⎣−3 0 ⎦
p
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ −5 ⎢ −3
N re
−2 2⎥ −3 0⎥
⎣⎢ 2 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ 2 ⎦⎥
11. A 12. B
© e EXERCISE 3.4
b
⎡ 3 1⎤
⎢ 5 5⎥ ⎡ 1 −1⎤ ⎡ 7 −3⎤
o
1. ⎢ ⎥ 2. ⎢ −1 2 ⎥ 3. ⎢ −2 1 ⎥
⎢ −2 1⎥ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
t
⎢⎣ 5 5 ⎥⎦
t
⎡ −7 3 ⎤ ⎡ 4 −1⎤ ⎡ 3 −5 ⎤
4. ⎢ 5 −2 ⎥ 5. ⎢ −7 2 ⎥ 6. ⎢ −1 2 ⎥
o
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ 2 −1⎤ ⎡ 4 −5⎤ ⎡ 7 −10 ⎤
n
7. ⎢ −5 3 ⎥ 8. ⎢ −3 4 ⎥ 9. ⎢ −2 3 ⎥⎦
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣
⎡ 1⎤
⎢1 ⎡ −1 3⎤
2⎥
10. ⎢ ⎥ 11. ⎢ −1 ⎥ 12. Inverse does not exist.
⎢2 3⎥ ⎢ 1⎥
⎢⎣ ⎣2 ⎦
2 ⎥⎦
274 MATHEMATICS
⎡2 3⎤
13. ⎢1 2⎥⎦
14. Inverse does not exist.
⎣
d
⎡ −2 3⎤ ⎡ −2 −3 ⎤
0 ⎢ 1
⎢ 5 5⎥ 5⎥
e
5
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎡ 3 −1 1 ⎤
⎢ −1 1
0⎥ ⎢ −2 4 11 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
17. ⎢ −15 6 −5 ⎥
h
15. ⎢ 16. ⎢
5 5 ⎥ 5 25 25 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢⎣ 5 −2 2 ⎥⎦
T s
⎢ 2 1 −2 ⎥ ⎢ −3 1 9⎥
i
⎣⎢ 5 5 5 ⎦⎥ ⎢⎣ 5 25 25 ⎥⎦
18. D
R b l
C E u
Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 3
p
1 1 1
x=± ,y=± ,z= ±
N re
6.
2 6 3
7. x = – 1 9. x = ± 4 3
© e
10. (a) Total revenue in the market - I = Rs 46000
Total revenue in the market - II = Rs 53000
b
(b) Rs 15000, Rs 17000
⎡ 1 −2 ⎤
o
11. X = ⎢ ⎥ 13. C 14. B 15. C
t
⎣2 0 ⎦
t
EXERCISE 4.1
o
1. (i) 18 2. (i) 1, (ii) x3 – x2 + 2
n
5. (i) – 12, (ii) 46, (iii) 0, (iv) 5 6. 0
EXERCISE 4.2
15. C 16. C
ANSWERS 275
EXERCISE 4.3
15 47
1. (i) , (ii) , (iii) 15
2 2
d
3. (i) 0, 8, (ii) 0, 8 4. (i) y = 2x, (ii) x – 3y = 0 5. (D)
e
EXERCISE 4.4
h
1. (i) M11 = 3, M12 = 0, M21 = – 4, M22 = 2, A11 = 3, A12 = 0, A21 = 4, A22 = 2
T s
(ii) M11 = d, M12 = b, M21 = c, M22 = a
l i
A11 = d, A12 = – b, A21 = – c, A22 = a
R b
2. (i) M11= 1, M12= 0, M13 = 0, M21 = 0, M22 = 1, M23 = 0, M31 = 0, M32 = 0, M33 = 1,
E
A11= 1, A12= 0, A13 = 0, A21 = 0, A22= 1, A23= 0, A31 = 0, A32= 0, A33= 1
C u
(ii) M11= 11, M12= 6, M13= 3, M21= –4, M22= 2, M23= 1, M31= –20, M32= –13, M33= 5
p
A11=11, A12= – 6, A13= 3, A21= 4, A22= 2, A23= –1, A31= –20, A32= 13, A33= 5
N re
3. 7 4. (x – y) (y – z) (z – x) 5. (D)
© e
EXERCISE 4.5
⎡ 3 1 −11⎤
⎡ 4 −2⎤ 1 ⎡ 3 2⎤
b
⎢ ⎥
⎢ −3 1 ⎥ 2. ⎢ −12 5 −1 ⎥
14 ⎢⎣− 4 2 ⎥⎦
1. 5.
⎣ ⎦
⎢⎣ 6 2 5 ⎥⎦
to
⎡10 −10 2 ⎤ ⎡ −3 0 0 ⎤
1 ⎡ 2 −5 ⎤ 1 ⎢ −1 ⎢
⎢ ⎥ 0 5 − 4 ⎥⎥ 3 −1 0 ⎥
10 ⎢
6. 7. 8.
3 ⎢ ⎥
t
13 ⎣ 3 −1 ⎦
⎢⎣ 0 0 2 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ −9 −2 3 ⎥⎦
o
⎡ −1 5 3⎤ ⎡ −2 0 1 ⎤ ⎡1 0 0 ⎤
−1 ⎢
n
− 4 23 12 ⎥⎥ 10. ⎢ 9 2 −3⎥ ⎢ 0 cos α sin α ⎥
3 ⎢
9. ⎢ ⎥ 11. ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 1 −11 − 6 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 6 1 −2⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 sin α – cos α⎥⎦
⎡−3 4 5⎤
1 ⎡2 −1⎤
= ⎢ 9 −1 − 4⎥⎥
−1 1 ⎢
13. ⎢1 3 ⎥ 14. a = – 4, b = 1 15. A
7 ⎣ ⎦ 11
⎣⎢ 5 −3 −1 ⎥⎦
276 MATHEMATICS
⎡ 3 1 −1⎤
1⎢
1 3 1⎥⎥
16. 4⎢ 17. B 18. B
⎢⎣−1 1 3⎥⎦
EXERCISE 4.6
e d
h
1. Consistent 2. Consistent 3. Inconsistent
T s
4. Consistent 5. Inconsistent 6. Consistent
i
−5 −6 −19
l
12
R
7. x = 2, y = – 3 8. x= , y= 9. x = ,y=
11 11 11 11
10. x = –1, y = 4
E u b 1
11. x = 1, y = , z =
−3
C
2 2
p
12. x = 2, y = –1, z = 1 13. x = 1, y = 2, z = –1
N re
14. x = 2, y = 1, z = 3
⎡ 0 1 −2 ⎤
© e
⎢ −2 9 −23⎥
15. ⎢ ⎥ , x = 1, y = 2, z = 3
⎣⎢ −1 5 −13⎥⎦
16.
b
cost of onions per kg = Rs 5
o
cost of wheat per kg = Rs 8
t
cost of rice per kg = Rs 8
n
⎡9 −3 5 ⎤
−a ⎢ 1 0 ⎥⎥
3. 1 5. x= 7. ⎢−2
3 ⎢⎣ 1 0 2 ⎥⎦
EXERCISE 5.1
2. f is continuous at x = 3
3. (a), (b), (c) and (d) are all continuous functions
5. f is continuous at x = 0 and x = 2; Not continuous at x = 1
d
6. Discontinuous at x = 2 7. Discontinuous at x = 3
e
8. Discontinuous at x = 0 9. No point of discontinuity
10. No point of discontinuity 11. No point of discontinuity
h
12. f is discontinuous at x = 1 13. f is not continuous at x = 1
T s
14. f is not continuous at x = 1 and x = 3
l i
15. x = 1 is the only point of discontinuity
R
2
b
16. Continuous 17. a = b +
E
3
For no value of λ, f is continuous at x = 0 but f is continuous at x = 1 for any
u
18.
C
value of λ.
p
20. f is continuous at x = π 21. (a), (b) and (c) are all continuous
N re
22. Cosine function is continuous for all x ∈ R; cosecant is continuous except for
π
x = nπ, n ∈ Z; secant is continuous except for x = (2 n + 1) , n ∈ Z and
© e
2
cotangent function is continuous except for x = nπ, n ∈ Z
23. There is no point of discontinuity.
b
24. Yes, f is continuous for all x ∈ R 25. f is continuous for all x ∈ R
3 −2
k= 28. k =
o
26. k = 6 27.
4 π
t
9
29. k= 30. a = 2, b = 1
t
5
34. There is no point of discontinuity.
o
EXERCISE 5.2
n
2
1. 2x cos (x + 5) 2. – cos x sin(sin x) 3. a cos(ax + b)
−2 2 x sin x
7. 2 2
8. −
sin x sin 2 x 2 x
EXERCISE 5.3
1.
cosx − 2
3
2.
2
cos y − 3
3. −
a
2by + sin y
e d
sec x − y
T
(2 x + y)
s h
2
(3 x2 + 2 xy + y2 )
5. − −
i
4. 6.
x + 2y − 1 ( x + 2 y) ( x2 + 2 xy + 3 y2 )
y sin xy
R b l sin 2 x 2 3
E
7. sin 2 y − x sin xy 8. 9. 10.
sin 2 y 1 + x2 1 + x2
C u −2 −2
2 2
p
11. 12. 13. 14.
1 + x2 1 + x2 1 + x2 1 − x2
15. −
N re
2
© e
1 − x2
EXERCISE 5.4
b
ex (sin x − cosx) esin −1 x
, x ∈( − 1,1)
o
1. , x ≠ nπ, n ∈ Z 2.
sin 2 x 1 − x2
3. 3x 2e x
t t 3
4. −
e − x cos (tan −1 e– x )
1+ e−2 x
o
π ex
2
2 x3 3 x4 4 x5
5. – ex tan ex, ex ≠ (2n + 1) , n ∈ N 6. e + 2 x + 3 x e + 4 x e + 5 x e
x
n
2
x
e 1
7. ,x>0 8. , x> 1
x x log x
4 xe
EXERCISE 5.5
1. – cos x cos 2x cos 3x [tan x + 2 tan 2x + 3 tan 3x]
1 ( x − 1) ( x − 2) ⎡ 1 1 1 1 1 ⎤
2. ⎢ + − − − ⎥
2 ( x − 3)( x − 4)( x − 5) ⎣ x − 1 x − 2 x − 3 x − 4 x − 5 ⎦
3.
⎡ cos x
(log x)cos x ⎢
⎣ x log x
⎤
− sin x log (log x )⎥
⎦
e d
h
4. xx (1 + log x) – 2sin x cos x log 2
T s
5. (x + 3) (x + 4)2 (x + 5)3 (9x2 + 70x + 133)
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎡ x −1
R l i
1 ⎤ 1 + ⎛ x + 1 − log x ⎞
x 2 1
6. ⎜ x + ⎟ ⎢ 2 + log ( x + )⎥ + x x ⎜ ⎟
x ⎠ ⎣ x +1
b
⎝ x ⎦ ⎝ x2 ⎠
E
x-1 logx–1
7. (log x) [1 + log x . log (log x)] + 2x . logx
u
1 1
C
8. (sin x) x (x cot x + log sin x) +
p
2 x − x2
N re
⎡ sin x ⎤
9. x sinx ⎢ + cos x log x⎥ + (sin x) cos x [cos x cot x – sin x log sin x]
⎣ x ⎦
© e
4x
10. x x cosx [cos x . (1 + log x) – x sin x log x] –
( x −1) 2
2
b
1
11. (x cos x) x [1 – x tan x + log (x cos x)] + (x sin x) x
⎢ ⎥
⎣ x2 ⎦
o
yx y −1 + y x log y y ⎛ y − x log y ⎞
12. − ⎜ ⎟
t
13.
x y log x + xy x−1 x ⎝ x − y log x ⎠
y tan x + log cos y
t
y ( x −1)
14. 15.
x tan y + log cos x x ( y +1)
o
⎡ 1 2x 4 x3 8 x7 ⎤
+ + + ⎥ ; f ′(1) = 120
n
16. (1 + x) (1 + x2) (1 +x4) (1 + x8) ⎢
⎣1 + x 1 + x 2 1 + x4 1 + x8 ⎦
17. 5x4 – 20x3 + 45x2 – 52x + 11
EXERCISE 5.6
b 1
1. t 2 2. 3. – 4 sin t 4. −
a t2
280 MATHEMATICS
cos θ − 2cos2 θ θ
5. 6. − cot 7. – cot 3t 8. tan t
2 sin 2 θ − sin θ 2
b
9. cosec θ 10. tan θ
d
a
e
EXERCISE 5.7
h
1. 2 2. 380 x18 3. – x cos x – 2 sin x
T s
1
4. − 6. 2ex (5 cos 5x – 12 sin 5x)
i
5. x(5 + 6 log x)
x2
R l
2x
8. − (1 + x 2 ) 2
b
6x
7. 9 e (3 cos 3x – 4 sin 3x)
E
sin (log x) + cos (log x )
u
(1 + log x ) −
9. −
C
10.
( x log x) 2 x2
p
12. – cot y cosec2 y
© e
1. 27 (3x2 – 9x + 5)8 (2x – 3) 2. 3sinx cosx (sinx – 2 cos4 x)
⎡ 3cos2 x ⎤
3. (5 x ) 3cos 2 x ⎢ − 6sin 2 x log 5 x⎥
b
⎣ x ⎦
⎡ ⎤
o
x
3 x ⎢ cos −1 ⎥
1
t
−⎢ + 2
4. 5. ⎥
2 1 − x3
3
⎢⎣ 4 − x 2 x + 7 (2 x + 7) 2 ⎥⎦
2
t ⎡ 1 log (log x) ⎤
1
o
6. 7. (log x) logx ⎢ + ⎥, x >1
2 ⎣x x ⎦
n
8. (a sin x – b cos x) sin (a cos x + b sin x)
9. (sinx – cosx)sin x – cos x (cosx + sinx) (1 + log (sinx – cos x)), sinx > cosx
10. xx (1 + log x) + ax a –1 + ax log a
2
−3 ⎡ x2 − 3 ⎤ 2 ⎡ x2 ⎤
11. xx ⎢ + 2 x log x⎥ + ( x − 3) x ⎢ + 2 x log( x − 3)⎥
⎣ x ⎦ ⎣x−3 ⎦
ANSWERS 281
6 t sec3 t π
12. cot 13. 0 17. ,0 < t <
5 2 at 2
EXERCISE 6.1
d
1. (a) 6π cm2/cm (b) 8π cm2/cm
e
8
h
2. cm2/s 3. 60π cm2 /s 4. 900 cm3/s
3
T s
5. 80π cm2/s
i
6. 1.4π cm/s
R l
7. (a) –2 cm/min (b) 2 cm2/min
b
1 8
E
8. cm/s 9. 400π cm3/cm 10. cm/s
π 3
C u
⎛ −31 ⎞
11. (4, 11) and ⎜ − 4,
p
⎟ 12. 2π cm3/s
⎝ 3 ⎠
N re
27 1
13. π (2x + 1)2 14. cm/s 15. Rs 20.967
8 48 π
16. Rs 208
© e 17. B 18. D
b EXERCISE 6.2
o
⎛3 ⎞ ⎛ 3⎞
t
4. (a) ⎜ , ∞ ⎟ (b) ⎜ − ∞ , ⎟
⎝4 ⎠ ⎝ 4⎠
t
5. (a) (– ∞, – 2) and (3, ∞) (b) (– 2, 3)
o
6. (a) Strictly decreasing for x < – 1 and strictly increasing for x > – 1
n
3 3
(b) Strictly decreasing for x > − and strictly increasing for x < −
2 2
(c) Strictly increasing for – 2 < x < – 1 and strictly decreasing for x < – 2 and
x>–1
9 9
(d) Strictly increasing for x < − and strictly decreasing for x > −
2 2
282 MATHEMATICS
(e) Strictly increasing in (1, 3) and (3, ∞), strictly decreasing in (– ∞, –1)
and (– 1, 1).
8. 0 < x < 1 and x > 2 12. A, B
13. D 14. a = – 4 19. D
d
EXERCISE 6.3
e
−1
h
1. 764 2. 3. 11 4. 24
64
T s
−a
i
5. 1 6. 7. (3, – 20) and (–1, 12)
R l
2b
8. (3, 1) 9. (2, – 9)
E b
10. (i) y + x +1 = 0 and y + x – 3 = 0
u
11. No tangent to the curve which has slope 2.
C
1
p
12. y= 13. (i) (0, ± 4) (ii) (± 3, 0)
2
N re
14. (i) Tangent: 10x + y = 5; Normal: x – 10y + 50 = 0
(ii) Tangent: y = 2x + 1; Normal: x + 2y – 7 = 0
© e
(iii) Tangent: y = 3x – 2; Normal: x + 3y – 4 = 0
(iv) Tangent: y = 0; Normal: x = 0
b
(v) Tangent: x + y − 2 = 0; Normal x = y
15. (a) y – 2x – 3 = 0 (b) 36 y + 12x – 227 = 0
o
17. (0, 0), (3, 27) 18. (0, 0), (1, 2), (–1, –2)
t
19. (1, ± 2) 20. 2x + 3my – am 2 (2 + 3m2) = 0
t
21. x + 14y – 254 = 0, x + 14y + 86 = 0
22. ty = x + at2, y = – tx + 2at + at3
o
x x0 y y0 y − y0 x − x0
− 2 = 1, + 2 =0
n
24. a 2
b a 2 y0 b x0
25. 48x – 24y = 23 26. D 27. A
EXERCISE 6.4
1. (i) 5.03 (ii) 7.035 (iii) 0.8
(iv) 0.208 (v) 0.9999 (vi) 1.96875
ANSWERS 283
d
2. 28.21 3. – 34.995 4. 0.03 x3 m3
6. 3.92 π m3 7. 2.16 π m3
e
5. 0.12 x2 m2
8. D 9. C
T
EXERCISE 6.5
s h
R l i
1. (i) Minimum Value = 3 (ii) Minimum Value = – 2
b
(iii) Maximum Value = 10 (iv) Neither minimum nor maximum value
E
2. (i) Minimum Value = – 1; No maximum value
C u
(ii) Maximum Value = 3; No minimum value
p
(iii) Minimum Value = 4; Maximum Value = 6
N re
(iv) Minimum Value = 2; Maximum Value = 4
(v) Neither minimum nor Maximum Value
© e
3. (i) local minimum at x = 0, local minimum value = 0
(ii) local minimum at x = 1, local minimum value = – 2
b
local maximum at x = – 1, local maximum value = 2
o
π
(iii) local maximum at x =
t
, local maximum value = 2
4
t
3π
(iv) local maximum at x =
o
, local maximum value = 2
4
n
7π
local minimum at x = , local minimum value = – 2
4
(v) local maximum at x = 1, local maximum value = 19
local minimum at x = 3, local minimum value = 15
(vi) local minimum at x = 2, local minimum value = 2
284 MATHEMATICS
1
(vii) local maximum at x = 0, local maximum value =
2
2 2 3
d
(viii) local maximum at x = , local maximum value =
3 9
e
5. (i) Absolute minimum value = – 8, absolute maximum value = 8
h
(ii) Absolute minimum value = – 1, absolute maximum value = 2
T i s
(iii) Absolute minimum value = – 10, absolute maximum value = 8
R l
(iv) Absolute minimum value = 19, absolute maximum value = 3
E b
6. Maximum profit = 113 unit.
u
7. Minima at x = 2, minimum value = – 39, Maxima at x = 0, maximum value = 25.
C p
π 5π
8. At x = and 9. Maximum value = 2
N re
4 4
10. Maximum at x = 3, maximum value 89; maximum at x = – 2, maximum value = 139
© e
11. a = 120
12. Maximum at x = 2π, maximum value = 2π; Minimum at x = 0, minimum value = 0
b
13. 12, 12 14. 45, 15 15. 25, 10 16. 8, 8
17. 3 cm 18. x = 5 cm
to
1 1
t
⎝ π⎠ ⎝ π ⎠
o
112 28 π
22. cm, cm 27. A 28. D 29. C
n
π+ 4 π +4
π 3π π 3π
6. (i) 0 < x < and < x < 2π (ii) < x<
2 2 2 2
7. (i) x < –1 and x > 1 (ii) – 1 < x < 1
d
3 3
8. ab 9. Rs 1000
e
4
h
20 10
11. length = m, breadth = m
π+4 π+4
T i s
2
l
13. (i) local maxima at x = 2 (ii) local minima at x =
R
7
b
(iii) point of inflection at x = –1
E
5
u
14. Absolute maximum = , Absolute minimum = 1
C
4
p
4π R 3
N re
17. 19. A 20. B 21. A
3 3
22. B 23. A 24. A
© e ——
b
to
o t
n
286 MATHEMATICS
e d
T s h
R l i
E u b
C
N re p
© e
b
to
o t
n
ANSWERS 287
e d
T s h
R l i
E u b
C
N re p
© e
b
to
ot
n