‫بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم‬

GENUS:
STAPHYLOCOCCUS
Prof. Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh
 STAPHYLOCOCCUS
 Facultative Anaerobic, Gram +ve
Cocci, Non-motile, Non-sporing,
Arranged in Grape-like Clustures.
 Catalase:
 1. Coagulase Positive Staphylococci
(CPS)
 2. Coagulase Negative Staphylococci
(CNS)
1 2
Scanning electron micrograph of
Staphylococcus aureus
_________________________________
Species Production of
Coagulase
-------------------------------------------------------
S. aureus +
S. epidermidis --
S. saprophyticus --
_________________________________
 Staphylococcus aureus
VIRULENCE FACTORS
 1. Protein A:
> A Major Protien in the Cell Wall
 2. Enterotoxins:
> Immunologic Types A-E.
 3.  - Toxin:
> Cytotoxic Effects:
> Necrosis of Skin and Haemolysis.
 Libya


A
2.5
B
27.5
C 40.0

AB
BC
Negative 20.0
2.5 7.5 0.0
 4. Epidermolytic Toxins:
> Impetigo and Scalded-Skin Syndrome.
 5. Toxic-Shock Syndrome Toxin (TSST-1):
> Toxic Shock in Tampon Using Menstruating
Women.
 6. Enzymes:
i. Coagulase
ii. Fibrinolysin
iii. Hyaluronidase
iv. Lipase
CLINICAL INFECTION
 1. Skin Infections:
> Impetigo, Furuncles, Cellulitis, Surgical and
Wound Infections and Postpartum Breast
Infections.
 2. Bacteraemia:
>From Localized Lesions
 3. Endocarditis:
 4. Osteomyelitis:
 5. Pneumonia:
 6. Abscesses (metastatic):
> In any Organ
Sputum smear shows Staphylococcus aureus in a
patient with staphylococcal pneumonia
 7. Food Poisoning:
 8. Toxic Shock Syndrome:
> Fever, Hypotension>> Multisystem
Involvement.
LAB. DIAGNOSIS:
 Specimens:
i. Pus: From Abscesses, Wounds, Burns, Etc..
ii. Sputum:
iii. Faeces:
iv. Blood:
v. Mid-Stream Urine:
> Suspected Cystitis, Pyelonephritis or Post
Catheterization Infection.
vi. Anterior Nasal and Perineal Swabs:
 NA, BA, Milk
Agar or MSA

Observe Colonial
Morphology

Gram Stain

Catalase Test

Slide or Tube
Coagulase Test
PHAGE TYPING
> For Epidemiological Studies.

TREATMENT
i. Production of -Lactamase> Resistance to
Penicillins.

ii. Penicillins Stable to Staphylococcal Penicillinase:

> Methicillin, Cloxacillin and Flucloxacillin.

iii. Other Antibiotics:

iv. MRSA >>> Vancomycin.

EPIDEMIOLOGY:
1. Sources of Infection:
i. Infected Lesions:
> Doctors and Nurses.
> Foodhandlers.
ii. Healthy Carriers:
iii. Animals:
> Domesticated and Some Wild Animals:
2. Modes of Infection:
– Exogenous
– Endogenous

Cross Infections:
> Important in Hospitals >> by Direct Contact.