According to Bowen's Reaction Series: (4 answers are

correct)
  Correct Your Answer:   A, B, C, D    
  A. mafic minerals tend to form at a lower temperature than ultramafic. (correct
answer)
  B. intermediate minerals tend to form at a lower temperature than mafic.
(correct answer)
  C. felsic minerals tend to form at a lower temperature than intermediate.
(correct answer)
  D. quartz typically forms at the lowest temperature. (correct answer)
  E. all minerals form at the same temperature.

2. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question:
Mafic magma: (3 answers are correct)

  Correct Your Answer:   B, C, D    
  A. generally produces a light-colored rock.
  B. typically has a low viscosity. (correct answer)
  C. often produces both shield volcanoes and cinder cones. (correct answer)
  D. is rich in ferromagnesian minerals. (correct answer)
  E. always has the greatest dissolved gas content.

3. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question:
Shield volcanoes: (3 answers are correct)

  Correct Your Answer:   B, C, D    
  A. have very steep slopes.
  B. are generally formed from mafic lava. (correct answer)
  C. are common on the Hawaiian Islands. (correct answer)
  D. forms from multiple low viscosity lava flows. (correct answer)
  E. are built primarily from pyroclastic material.

4. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: What do you call material blown out during a volcanic eruption?
  Correct Your Answer:   A    
  A. pyroclastic (correct answer)
  B. felsic
  C. pillow
  D. pahoehoe
  E. upchuck

5. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question: Which volcanoes below are cinder cones? (3 answers are correct)
  Correct Your Answer:   A, C, D    
  A. Sunset Crater (correct answer)
  B. Mauna Loa
  C. Capulin (correct answer)
  D. Paricutin (correct answer)
  E. Mt. St. Helens

6. Points Assigned: 0.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: Which volcanic cone is typically the smallest?
  Incorrect Your Answer:   B    
  A. cinder (correct answer)
  B. shield
  C. composite

7. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: Most composite volcanoes are located:
  Correct Your Answer:   A    
  A. along the Ring of Fire. (correct answer)
  B. in Hawaii.
  C. in Africa.
  D. in New Mexico.

8. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question:
Composite volcanoes are typically built up from: (2 answers are correct)

  Correct Your Answer:   A, B    
  A. pyroclastic material. (correct answer)
  B. viscous lavas. (correct answer)
  C. cinders.
  D. low viscosity lava flows.

9. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question:
A large basin formed from collapse after the emptying of a magma chamber below is called a(n):

  Correct Your Answer:   A    
  A. caldera. (correct answer)
  B. lava tube.
  C. fault zone.
  D. rift valley.
  E. fissure.

10. Points Assigned: 0.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: Why are cinder cones generally hills rather than mountains?
  Incorrect Your Answer:   C    
  A. because the lava is so fluid and runny
  B. because they typically go extinct after one eruptive cycle (correct answer)
  C. becuase they are worn down so quickly
  D. becuase so much of the pyroclastic material is blown out of the region

11. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: What do you call a piece of country rock that breaks off and becomes entrapped in a body of magma?
  Correct Your Answer:   A    
  A. xenolith (correct answer)
  B. trap rock
  C. concretion
  D. nodule
  E. ventifact

12. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question:
What type of volcano is this?

  Correct Your Answer:   A    
  A. cinder cone (correct answer)
  B. composite cone
  C. shield volcano
  D. lava dome

13. Points Assigned: 0.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question:
Which four statements are true of this photo?

  Incorrect Your Answer:   C, D, E, F    
  A. This photo is showing a dike. (correct answer)
  B. The structure is a pluton. (correct answer)
  C. The sturcture is an extrusive igneous rock body.
  D. The rock wall has been exposed by weathering and erosion of surrounding rock. (correct answer)
  E. The rock wall was once a lava flow.
  F. The rock wall is more resistant to erosion than the surrounding rock. (correct answer)

14. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question:
What type of volcanic is this?

  Correct Your Answer:   B    
  A. a sheild volcano
  B. a composite volcano (correct answer)
  C. a cinder cone
  D. a batholith
  E. a dike

15. Points Assigned: 0.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question:
This rock is: (4 answers are correct)

  Incorrect Your Answer:   A, C, G    
  A. igneous. (correct answer)
  B. mafic. (correct answer)
  C. pahoehoe. (correct answer)
  D. granitic.
  E. aa.
  F. felsic.
  G. extrusive. (correct answer)
  H. quartz-rich

16. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question:
This photo shows a:

  Correct Your Answer:   A    
  A. crater. (correct answer)
  B. batholith.
  C. fissure.
  D. lava dome.
  E. dike.

17. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: This photo is showing:
  Correct Your Answer:   B    
  A. a fissure eruption.
  B. a pyroclastic flow or nuee ardente. (correct answer)
  C. the formation of a cinder cone.
  D. the formation of a shield cone.
  E. lava fountaining.

18. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question: This photo is of a volcanic neck or plug. Which three statements below are true?
  Correct Your Answer:   A, D, E    
  A. The name of this structure is Shiprock. (correct answer)
  B. This structure is located in Texas.
  C. This structure is a cinder cone.
  D. This structure has been exposed by erosion. (correct answer)
  E. This is the remains of an eroded extinct volcano. (correct answer)

19. Points Assigned: 0.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question:
This rock wall: (4 answers are correct)

  Incorrect Your Answer:   C, D, F    
  A. is a dike. (correct answer)
  B. formed from magma squeezing into a fracture. (correct answer)
  C. has been exposed by weathering and erosion. (correct answer)
  D. is an extrusive igneous rock body.
  E. was built by man.
  F. is composed of igneous rock. (correct answer)

20. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question:
Which three statements below are true?

  Correct Your Answer:   A, C, E    
  A. This photo shows columnar jointing. (correct answer)
  B. These fractures formed from expansion as the rock was heated.
  C. This rock is igneous. (correct answer)
  D. This rock is probably a dike.
  E. The fractures formed from shrinkage as the rock cooled. (correct answer)
Question:
Which three types of weathering processes listed below are physical
(mechanical)?

  Correct Your Answer:   A, E, F    
  A. frost wedging (correct answer)
  B. dissolution
  C. hydrolysis
  D. oxidation
  E. thermal expansion (correct answer)
  F. exfoliation (correct answer)

2. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question:
Which three statements below are true of the associated picture?

  Correct Your Answer:   A, B, D    
  A. This rock is weathering by exfoliation. (correct answer)
  B. This rock cooled from magma deep in the crust. (correct answer)
  C. This is an extrusive igneous rock.
  D. The fracturing of this rock is due to expansion from unloading. (correct answer)
  E. This rock is basalt.

3. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: How does mechanical weathering affect the rate of chemical weathering?
  Correct Your Answer:   C    
  A. It slows it down because both types of weathering cannot occur together.
  B. It speeds it up because it makes water more acidic.
  C. It speeds it up because it increases the surface area. (correct answer)
  D. It slows it down because the rock gets weaker.
  E. Mechanical weathering has no effect on chemical weathering rates.

4. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: Why is rain water naturally acidic?
  Correct Your Answer:   A    
  A. becasue H2O combines with CO2 to form carbonic acid. (correct answer)
  B. because H2O combines with NaCl to form nitric acid.
  C. because H2O combines with CaCO3 to form calcite.
  D. because H2O combines with CaSO4 to form gypsum.
  E. Rain water is not naturally acidic.

5. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: Which mineral listed below is commonly dissolved by natural water.
  Correct Your Answer:   A    
  A. calcite (correct answer)
  B. feldspar
  C. quartz
  D. mica
  E. clay

6. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question: Which two minerals listed below are commonly created by oxidation?
  Correct Your Answer:   B, C    
  A. halite
  B. hematite (correct answer)
  C. limonite (correct answer)
  D. feldspar
  E. clay

7. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: Feldspars alter into ______ minerals by a process called hydrolysis.
  Correct Your Answer:   B    
  A. mica
  B. clay (correct answer)
  C. calcite
  D. talc
  E. Feldspars do not alter by hydrolysis.

8. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: The rounded corners and edges of the rocks in this image is showing:
  Correct Your Answer:   D    
  A. frost wedging.
  B. root pry.
  C. thermal expansion.
  D. spheroidal weathering. (correct answer)
  E. rounding by tumbling.

9. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: What type of climate is chemical weathering most severe?
  Correct Your Answer:   C    
  A. hot and dry
  B. cold and dry
  C. hot and wet (correct answer)
  D. cold and wet
  E. Chemical weathering occurs at the same rate in any climate.

10. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: It appears the tombstone in this photo has been weathering by:
  Correct Your Answer:   C    
  A. physical processes.
  B. hydrolysis.
  C. dissolution. (correct answer)
  D. oxidation.
  E. thermal expansion.

11. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: The sloping pile of broken up rock in the lower portion of this photo is referred to as:
  Correct Your Answer:   A    
  A. talus. (correct answer)
  B. the C horizon.
  C. transported soil.
  D. a weathering profile.
  E. earthquake rubble.

12. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question:
 Unloading results in ________, which results in sheeting and exfoliation.

  Correct Your Answer:   A    
  A. expansion (correct answer)
  B. shrinkage
  C. dissolution
  D. hydroysis
  E. frost wedging

13. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: A famous exfoliation dome in Texas is:
  Correct Your Answer:   A    
  A. Enchanted Rock. (correct answer)
  B. Stone Mountain.
  C. Half Dome.
  D. Moro Rock.
  E. located atop the state capitol.

14. Points Assigned: 1.00 – True/False —

  Question: Biologic activity plays no role in the weathering of rocks.
  Correct Your Answer:   False    
  A. True
  B. False (correct answer)

15. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question:
Which two soil horizons below are the richest in organic matter?

  Correct Your Answer:   A, E    
  A. A-horizon (correct answer)
  B. B-horizon
  C. C-horizon
  D. E-horizon
  E. O-horizon (correct answer)

16. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: Where is a hardpan most likely to develop?
  Correct Your Answer:   B    
  A. A-horizon
  B. B-horizon (correct answer)
  C. C-horizon
  D. E-horizon
  E. O-horizon

17. Points Assigned: 0.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: Laterite soils are often mined for what metal?
  Incorrect Your Answer:   C    
  A. copper
  B. gold
  C. nickel
  D. aluminum (correct answer)
  E. mercury

18. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question:
Where would you most likely find a transported soil?

  Correct Your Answer:   A    
  A. floodplain (correct answer)
  B. hillside
  C. plateau
  D. desert
  E. tundra

19. Points Assigned: 0.00 – True/False —

  Question: Soil is considered a renewable resource.
  Incorrect Your Answer:   True    
  A. True
  B. False (correct answer)

20. Points Assigned: 0.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question:
Where would you most likely see contour plowing?

  Incorrect Your Answer:   A    
  A. in a level floodplain
  B. on a very gently sloping hillside (correct answer)
  C. on a steep hillside
uestion: The law of superposition states younger rock layers are found on top of older rock
layers.
  Correct Your Answer:   True    
  A. True (correct answer)
  B. False

2. Points Assigned: 1.00 – True/False —

  Question: The principle of original horizontality states that if sedimentary rock layers are folded or deformed from their original
horizontal position, the deformation happened sometime after the deposition of the sediments.
  Correct Your Answer:   True    
  A. True (correct answer)
  B. False

3. Points Assigned: 1.00 – True/False —

  Question: Faults and dikes are always younger than the rocks they cut through.
  Correct Your Answer:   True    
  A. True (correct answer)
  B. False

4. Points Assigned: 1.00 – True/False —

  Question: Inclusions are older than the rock they are found in.
  Correct Your Answer:   True    
  A. True (correct answer)
  B. False

5. Points Assigned: 0.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question:
Which three statements are true regarding unconformities?

  Incorrect Your Answer:   A, D, E    
  A. Unconformities are generally buried erosional surfaces. (correct answer)
  B. A large span of time is missing between the rocks above and below the unconformity. (correct answer)
  C. Unconformities are only found in the Grand Canyon.
  D. No place on Earth has a complete set of conformable strata. (correct answer)
  E. Unconformities can form in a very short time span.

6. Points Assigned: 0.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question:
Which three statements below are true regarding types of unconformities?

  Incorrect Your Answer:   B, C, D    
  A. The rocks below an angular unconformity have been deformed. (correct answer)
  B. The rocks below a nonconformity are either intrusive igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic.
  C. Disconformities can be difficult to identify because the rocks layers on either side are parallel. (correct answer)
  D. For a nonconformity to form there must be a period of uplift and erosion. (correct answer)
  E. The rocks above and below a disconformity are either sedimentary or metamorphic.
7. Points Assigned: 1.00 – True/False —
  Question: Correlation is the matching up of rock layers in different regions.
  Correct Your Answer:   True    
  A. True (correct answer)
  B. False

8. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question:
Which geologic period ended around 65 million years ago with the extinction of the dinosaurs?

  Correct Your Answer:   D    
  A. Cambrian
  B. Devonian
  C. Permian
  D. Cretaceous (correct answer)
  E. Tertiary

9. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question: Which two conditions below favor preservation?
  Correct Your Answer:   B, C    
  A. large size
  B. rapid burial (correct answer)
  C. hard parts (correct answer)
  D. fast growing
  E. disease-free death

10. Points Assigned: 1.00 – True/False —

  Question: The principle of fossil succession states that the age of a rock unit can be recognized by its fossil content.
  Correct Your Answer:   True    
  A. True (correct answer)
  B. False

11. Points Assigned: 1.00 – True/False —

  Question: Fossils are often used to help interpret the environment at the time the organism was living.
  Correct Your Answer:   True    
  A. True (correct answer)
  B. False

12. Points Assigned: 1.00 – True/False —

  Question: A neutron is actually a proton and an electron combined.
  Correct Your Answer:   True    
  A. True (correct answer)
  B. False

13. Points Assigned: 0.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question:
Which three statements below are true regarding this image?

  Incorrect Your Answer:   C, D, E    
  A. These are sedimentary rocks. (correct answer)
  B. These rocks were deposited like they are shown.
  C. These rocks have been deformed. (correct answer)
  D. These rocks were originally horizontal. (correct answer)
  E. This image shows an angular unconformity.

14. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question:
Which three statements below are true regarding this image?

  Correct Your Answer:   A, C, D    
  A. 'F' is younger than 'C'. (correct answer)
  B. 'F' is younger than 'G'.
  C. 'D' contains inclusions of both 'E' and 'C' and is therefore a sill. (correct answer)
  D. 'A' is the oldest sedimentary rock unit shown. (correct answer)
  E. 'E' is the youngest sedimentary rock unit shown.

15. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: Which radioactive isotope is continually being created in the atmosphere?
  Correct Your Answer:   C    
  A. Uranium-238
  B. Uranium-235
  C. Carbon-14 (correct answer)
  D. Potassium-40
  E. Thorium-232

16. Points Assigned: 0.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question:
If a rock was found to contain 25% Uranium-235 and 75% lead-207, approximately how old would the rock be?

  Incorrect Your Answer:   E    
  A. 713 million years
  B. 1,426 million years (correct answer)
  C. 2,139 million years
  D. 2,852 million years
  E. There is not enough information to tell.

17. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question:
Radioactive uranium decays into:

  Correct Your Answer:   D    
  A. gold.
  B. oxygen.
  C. carbon.
  D. lead. (correct answer)
  E. potassium.

18. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Choice —

  Question: What is the ratio of parent isotope to daughter isotope after two half-lives?
  Correct Your Answer:   C    
  A. 1:1
  B. 1:2
  C. 1:3 (correct answer)
  D. 1:4
  E. 1:5

19. Points Assigned: 1.00 – True/False —

  Question: Electron capture is essentially the opposite of Beta decay.
  Correct Your Answer:   True    
  A. True (correct answer)
  B. False

20. Points Assigned: 1.00 – Multiple Answer —

  Question:
Which three statements below are correct regarding atoms?

  Correct Your Answer:   B, C, E    
  A. An atom's atomic number is the number of neutrons.
  B. The number of neutrons can vary in an element. (correct answer)
  C. Uranium-235 has 143 neurtons (correct answer)
  D. Electrons have the same mass as a proton.
  E. Isotopes have a different amount of neutrons than most atoms of that element. (correct answer)