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Homogeneous Charge
Compression
Ignition (HCCI) Engines
Visakh R
CONTENTS
What is HCCI?
Importance of HCCI
Pioneering Researches in HCCI
Challenges Faced in HCCI
Methodologies Used in Investigation of HCCI
Evolution In Control Strategies
Various Control Strategies Explained
Dual Mode Transitions
Recent Developments
HCCI Prototypes
Conclusion
Reference
What Is HCCI?
An HCCI engine is a mix of both conventional spark-ignition and
diesel compression ignition technology.
HCCI is characterized by the fact that the fuel and air are mixed
before combustion starts and the mixture auto-ignites as a result of
the temperature increase in the compression stroke.
The resulting spontaneous burn produces a flameless energy
release in a large zone almost simultaneously -- very different than
the spark/gasoline burn or the compression/diesel burn.
IMPORTANCE OF HCCI
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) is a promising
alternative combustion technology with high efficiency and lower
NOx and particulate matter emissions.
It can operate using a variety of fuels -- gasoline, diesel, natural gas,
biofuels, hydrogen.
HCCI combustion incorporates the advantages of both spark ignition
(SI) engines and compression ignition direct injection (CIDI)
engines.
However, there are still tough challenges in the successful operation
of HCCI engines, such as controlling the combustion phasing,
extending the operating range, and high unburned hydrocarbon and
CO emissions.
Massive research throughout the world has led to great progress in
the control of HCCI combustion. The first thing paid attention to is
that a great deal of fundamental theoretical research has been
carried out.
Pioneering Researches In HCCI
Sl.
AUTHOR Aim \ Input Output Result
No
Investigate gasoline Stable HCCI Reduction in
systems to increase combustion emissions and
Onishi et
1 al
combustion stability of between low and improved fuel
two stroke engines. high loads at CR economy
7.5:1
Spectroscopy on Species related Ignition at
HCCI combustion, to low temp auto numerous
Noguchi et
2 al
experimental work on ignition were points & no
two stroke engine found like O & discernable
HO2 radicals flamefront.
Investigate Diesel Premature Unburned HC
3 Ryan et al fueled HCCI. Used ignition and emissions high;
Port fuel injection. knocking; NOx reduced.
Evaluate the progress Present state of New strategies
Mingfa
4 and current trends research and challenges
yao et al
revealed defined
Challenges Faced by HCCI
Numerical Simulation
1. Zero Dimensional single zone model
2. Quasi Dimensional multi zone model
3. One Dimensional engine cycle
4. Multi Dimensional CFD
Optical Diagnostics
1. For In cylinder mixture formation
2. For Combustion Process
3. For Emission Process
Chemical Kinetics Model
Multi Dimensional CFD with Chemical Kinetics
Models
Optical Diagnostics For In Cylinder Mixture Formation
Optical Diagnostics For Combustion Process
Effect Of fuels, additives and fuel modifications on
HCCI chemical kinetics process
One of the advantages of HCCI combustion is its intrinsic fuel
flexibility. HCCI combustion has little sensitivity to fuel
characteristics such as lubricity and laminar flame speed. Fuels with
any octane or cetane number can be burned, although the operating
conditions must be adjusted to accommodate different fuels, which
can impact efficiency
HCCI combustion can be controlled and the HCCI operating range
can be extended by burning different octane number fuel at different
engine modes, i.e. burning low/high octane number fuel at low/ high
load mode respectively. There exists an optimum octane number
that achieves the highest indicated thermal efficiency at different
engine load.
Stratification Combustion- inhomogenity is an important path to
achieve clean & high efficiency combustion in engines.
Contd…
Ignition promoters and inhibitors are available.
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) into intake is the most
practical means of controlling charge temperature in an
HCCI engine.
EGR enhances combustion, control heat release, delay
auto-ignition timing, and thus lower peak cylinder
pressure.
Evolution In Control Strategies
The spontaneous and simultaneous combustion of
fuel-air mixture need to be controlled.
No direct control methods possible as in SI or CI
engines.
In Diesel HCCI, it is difficult to prepare homogeneous
mixture because of the lower volatility, higher
viscosity and lower resistance to auto ignition of
diesel fuel.
In Gasoline HCCI, high octane rating of the fuel
means it needs high ignition temperature, which
brings the difficulty of auto-ignition by compression.
Control Methods