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INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
Chapter-8
The ratios sides of right triangle with respect to its acute angles are called TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS of
the angle. This is to be noticed that side opposite to the right angle is hypotenuse (H),side opposite to the
given acute angle is perpendicular (P) and side adjacent to the given acute angle is base (B).
X
X

H P H B

θ
Z Y Z
Y
B P
Trigonometric Ratios of an acute angle express the relationship between the angle and the
length of its sides. Following are the Trigonometric Ratios:

P 1 B 1
sinθ = ----- = ----------- cosθ = ----- = ---------
H cosecθ H secθ
P 1 B 1
tanθ = ----- = --------- cotθ = ----- = ---------
B cotθ P tanθ
H 1 H 1
secθ = ----- = --------- cosecθ = ----- = ---------
B cosθ P sinθ
sinθ cosθ
tanθ = ---------- cotθ = ----------
cosθ sinθ

●H2 = P2 + B2 or ●H = √P2 + B2
●P2 = H2 - B2 or ●P = √H2 - B2
●B2 = H2 - P2 or ●B = √H2 - P2
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 Shri Jagannath Tutorials
We let you attain perfection through sincerity and hard work!

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

●sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 ●sec2θ - tan2θ = 1 ●cosec2θ - cot2θ = 1

●sin2θ = 1 - cos2θ ●sec2θ = 1 + tan2θ ●cosec2θ = 1 + cot2θ
●cos2θ = 1 - sin2θ ●tan2θ = sec2θ - 1 ●cot2θ = cosec2θ - 1

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES (COMPLEMENTRY ANGLES)

● sinθ = cos(90°- θ) ● cosθ = cos(90°- θ)

● tanθ = cot(90°- θ) ● cotθ = tan(90°- θ)
● secθ = cosec(90°- θ) ● cosecθ = sec(90°- θ)

TRIGONOMETRIC TABLE

θ 0° 30° 45° 60° 90°

sinθ 0 1/2 1/ √2 √3/2 1

cosθ 1 √3/2 1/ √2 1/2 0

tanθ 0 1/√3 1 √3 ∞

cotθ ∞ √3 1 1/√3 0

secθ 1 2/√3 √2 2 ∞

cosecθ ∞ 2 √2 2/√3 1

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