BASIC COMMANDS - WORKING WITH FILES

THE CAT COMMAND

SYNTAX:

            cat > file name

DISPLAY CONTENTS OF A FILE

SYNTAX:

            cat file name

CONCATENATING MULTIPLE FILES INTO A SINGLE FILE

SYNTAX:

            cat file1 file2 > new file

NUMBERING THE LINES IN A FILE

SYNTAX:

            cat –n file name

BASIC COMMANDS - WORKING WITH DIRECTORIES

CURRENT WORKNG DIRECTORY: pwd

[jeba2007@localhost ~]$ pwd

/home/jeba2007

 
CREATE A DIRECTORY: mkdir

[jeba2007@localhost ~]$ mkdir MRJKUMAR

REMOVING A DIRECTORY: rmdir

[jeba2007@localhost ~]$ rmdir MRJKUMAR

CHANGING THE WORKING DIRECTORY: cd

[jeba2007@localhost ~]$ cd MRJKUMAR

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ pwd

/home/jeba2007/MRJKUMAR

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

[jeba2007@localhost mrjk]$ cd ..

[jeba2007@localhost ~]$ cd mrjk

[jeba2007@localhost mrjk]$ cd\

CLEARING THE SCREEN

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ tput clear

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ clear

 

BASIC COMMANDS - WORKING WITH DIRECTORIES

CURRENT WORKNG DIRECTORY: pwd

SYNTAX:

            pwd

CREATE A DIRECTORY: mkdir

SYNTAX:

            mkdir directory name

REMOVING A DIRECTORY: rmdir

SYNTAX:

            rmdir directory name

CHANGING THE WORKING DIRECTORY: cd

SYNTAX:

            cd directory name

CLEARING THE SCREEN

SYNTAX:

            tput clear
            clear

BASIC COMMANDS - PLAYING WITH FILES

COPYING A FILE: cp

COPYING INSIDE A FOLDER

[jeba2007@localhost ~]$ cp f1 g1

[jeba2007@localhost ~]$ cat f1

COPYING FROM HOME DIRECTORY TO SUB DIRECTORY

[jeba2007@localhost ~]$ cp f1 MRJKUMAR/f1

[jeba2007@localhost ~]$ cd MRJKUMAR

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ ls

f1

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

COPYING FROM SUB DIRECTORY TO HOME DIRECTORY

[jeba2007@localhost ~]$ cp MRJKUMAR/f1 g2

[jeba2007@localhost ~]$ cat g2

COPYING FROM ANY SUB DIRECTORY TO ANY OTHER SUB DIRECTORY

[jeba2007@localhost ~]$ cd MRJKUMAR/MRJK

[jeba2007@localhost MRJK]$ ls

Hai

[jeba2007@localhost MRJK]$ cd ..

[jeba2007@localhost ~]$

[jeba2007@localhost ~]$ cp MRJKUMAR/MRJK/Hai mrjk/Hai

[jeba2007@localhost ~]$ cd mrjk

[jeba2007@localhost mrjk]$ ls

Hai

[jeba2007@localhost mrjk]$

BASIC COMMANDS - METACHARACTERS OF UNIX

LISTING THE FILES BEGINS WITH A SPECIFIED LETTER

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ ls L*

L  LDList  List

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ ls [R]*

Rules  Rules1  Rules2

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

LISTING THE FILES ENDS WITH A SPECIFIED CHARACTERS

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ ls *ist

LDList  List

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

LISTING THE FILES BEGINS WITH A SPECIFIED LETTER

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ ls ?ist

List

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

LISTING THE FILES ENDS WITH A SPECIFIED LETTER

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ ls f?

f1  f2  f3

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

LISTING THE FILES BEGINS WITH THE SPECIFIED RANGE OF LETTERS

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ ls [L-R]*

L  LDList  List  Rules  Rules1  Rules2

MRJK:

Ha  Hai

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

LISTING THE FILES NOT BEGINS WITH THE SPECIFIED RANGE OF

LETTERS

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ ls [!L-R]*

f1  f2  f3

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

BASIC COMMANDS - METACHARACTERS OF UNIX

LISTING THE FILES BEGINS WITH A SPECIFIED LETTER

SYNTAX:

            ls character*

            ls [character]*

LISTING THE FILES ENDS WITH A SPECIFIED CHARACTERS

ls *characters

LISTING THE FILES BEGINS WITH A SPECIFIED LETTER

ls ?characters

LISTING THE FILES ENDS WITH A SPECIFIED LETTER

            ls characters?

LISTING THE FILES BEGINS WITH THE SPECIFIED RANGE OF LETTERS

            ls [character range]*

LISTING THE FILES NOT BEGINS WITH THE SPECIFIED RANGE OF

LETTERS

ls [!character range]*

BASIC COMMANDS - FILE PERMISSIONS

VIEWING THE FILE PERMISSIONS

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ ls -l

total 40

-rw-rw-r--  1 jeba2007 jeba2007  240 Mar 13 12:58 f1

-rw-rw-r--  1 jeba2007 jeba2007  240 Mar 16 09:12 f2

-rw-rw-r--  1 jeba2007 jeba2007  240 Mar 16 09:13 f3

-rw-rw-r--  1 jeba2007 jeba2007   36 Mar 16 10:15 L

-rw-rw-r--  1 jeba2007 jeba2007   43 Mar 16 10:15 LDList

-rw-rw-r--  1 jeba2007 jeba2007   48 Mar 16 10:16 List

drwxrwxr-x  2 jeba2007 jeba2007 4096 Mar 16 10:08 MRJK

-rw-rw-r--  1 jeba2007 jeba2007  252 Mar 16 09:10 Rules

-rw-rw-r--  1 jeba2007 jeba2007  252 Mar 16 09:13 Rules1

-rw-rw-r--  1 jeba2007 jeba2007  252 Mar 16 09:13 Rules2

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$
 

VIEWING THE FILE PERMISSIONS FOR A PARTICULAR FILE

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ ls -l f3

-rw-rw-r--  1 jeba2007 jeba2007 240 Mar 16 09:13 f3

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

ASSIGINING FILE PERMISSION

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ chmod o=rwx f3

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ ls -l f3

-rw-rw-rwx  1 jeba2007 jeba2007 240 Mar 16 09:13 f3

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

ADDING FILE PERMISSION

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ chmod g+x f3

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ ls -l f3

-rw-rwxrwx  1 jeba2007 jeba2007 240 Mar 16 09:13 f3

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

REMOVING FILE PERMISSION

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ chmod g-x,o-x f3

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ ls -l f3

-rw-rw-rw-  1 jeba2007 jeba2007 240 Mar 16 09:13 f3

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

CHANGING FILE PERMISSION USING OCTAL NOTATIONS

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ chmod 751 f3

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ ls -l f3

-rwxr-x--x  1 jeba2007 jeba2007 240 Mar 16 09:13 f3

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

BASIC COMMANDS - FILE PERMISSIONS

VIEWING THE FILE PERMISSIONS

SYNTAX:

            ls -l

VIEWING THE FILE PERMISSIONS FOR A PARTICULAR FILE

SYNTAX:

ls -l file name

ASSIGINING FILE PERMISSION

SYNTAX:

chmod category = permission file name

 

ADDING FILE PERMISSION

SYNTAX:

chmod category + permission file name

REMOVING FILE PERMISSION

SYNTAX:

chmod category – permission file name

CHANGING FILE PERMISSION USING ABSOLUTE CONSTANTS

SYNTAX:

chmod octal notations for categories file name

BASIC COMMANDS - GENERAL PURPOSE COMMANDS

THE DATE COMMAND

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ date

Mon Mar 16 12:33:44 IST 2009

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

TO DISPLAY ONLY THE MONTH

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ date +%m

03

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

TO DISPLAY MONTH NAME

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ date +%h

Mar

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

TO DISPLAY DAY OF THE MONTH

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ date +%d

16

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

TO DISPLAY LAST TWO DIGITS OF THE YEAR

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ date +%y

09

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

TO DISPLAY HOURS

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ date +%H

12

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$
 

TO DISPLAY MINUTES

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ date +%M

41

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

TO DISPLAY SECONDS

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ date +%S

01

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$

THE ECHO COMMAND

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$ echo We were practicing Unix Commands

We were practicing Unix Commands

[jeba2007@localhost MRJKUMAR]$