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July 1, 1520 – La Noche Triste: a joint Mexican Indian force led by the Aztec ruler Cuitláhuac defeat

Spanish Conquistadores led by Hernán Cortés.

July 2, 1494 – The Treaty of Tordesillas is ratified by Spain.

July 3, 1608 – Québec City is founded by Samuel de Champlain.

July 4, 1456 – The Siege of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade) begins. (Part of the Ottoman wars in Europe)

July 5, 1610 – John Guy sets sail from Bristol with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland.
July 6, 1483 – Richard III is crowned King of England.

July 7, 1543 – French troops invade Luxembourg.

July 8, 1579 – Our Lady of Kazan, a holy icon of the Russian Orthodox Church, is discovered
underground in the city of Kazan, Tatarstan.

July 9, 1540 – King Henry VIII of England annuls his marriage to his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves.

July 10, 1553 – Lady Jane Grey takes the throne of England.
July 11, 1476 – Giuliano della Rovere is appointed bishop of Coutances.

July 12, 1562 – Fray Diego de Landa, acting Bishop of Yucatan, burns the sacred books of the Maya.

July 13, 1558 – Battle of Gravelines: in France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat
the French forces of Marshal Paul de Thermes at Gravelines.

July 14, 1698 – The Darien scheme begins with five ships, bearing about 1,200 people, departing Leith
for the Isthmus of Panama.

July 15, 1381 – John Ball, a leader in the Peasants' Revolt, is hanged, drawn and quartered in the
presence of King Richard II of England.
July 16, 1661 – The first banknotes in Europe are issued by the Swedish bank Stockholms Banco.

July 17, 1402 – Zhu Di, better known by his era name as the Yongle Emperor, assumes the throne over
the Ming Dynasty of China.

July 18, 1334 – The bishop of Florence blesses the first foundation stone for the new campanile (bell
tower) of the Florence Cathedral, designed by the artist Giotto di Bondone.

July 19, 1544 – Italian War of 1542: the first Siege of Boulogne begins.

July 20, 1402 – Ottoman-Timurid Wars: Battle of Ankara – Timur, ruler of Timurid Empire, defeats forces
of the Ottoman Empire sultan Bayezid I.
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