A Year in Review

English 11
Quick and Dirty
 Colonialism
Ch.1 Puritans
• Bible provided the model for writing.
• The individual life was a journey towards
salvation
• Looked for biblical events in their own lives
• Diaries and histories were the most common
form of literary expression
• Favored a plain style of writing. Admired
clarity of expression frowned up complicated
speech.
 Romantics
Ch. 2
Irving, Emerson,Hawthorne & Poe

• Values feelings and intuition over reason

• Places faith in inner experience and power of the imagination
• Shuns the artificiality of civilization
• Seeks unspoiled nature
• Prefers youthful innocence to education
• Champions individual freedom
• Reflects on natures beauty as a path to spiritual moral
development
• Looks backward to wisdom of the past
• Finds beauty and truth in exotic locations
• See poetry as the highest expression of the imagination
• Finds inspiration in myth or legends
 Transcendentalism
Ch. 2 cont. Thoreau, Gandhi, King

• Everything in the world, including human beings

is a reflection of the divine soul
• Physical facts of the natural world are a doorway
to the spiritual or ideal world
• People can use their intuition to behold God’s
spirit
• Self-reliance and individualism must outweigh
external authority
• Spontaneous feelings and intuition are superior
to deliberate intellectualism and rationality
 American Masters
Chapter 3 Whitman & Dickinson

• Whitman: Cadence (rhythm) is the basis for his free

verse poetry (no rhyme or meter)
• Wasn’t considered a “Road Scholar”; published his
own material
• Wrote about EVERYTHING he saw or experienced
• Made simple speech lyrical helped broaden the
grand design of epic poetry {like with Leaves of
Grass}
• Pablo Neruda—follows Whitman’s style, but uses Stream of
consciousness from the modern era too
 American Masters
Chapter 3 Whitman & Dickinson

• Dickinson: A social young woman who eventually

chose the life of a recluse.
• Majority of her poetry is written in the four line ballad
or “common meter” stanza used for protestant hymns
{the first and third lines of the stanza have four beats
each and may or may not rhyme; the second and
fourth lines have three beats and rhyme}
• God, eternity, death and the soul were all major
themes in Dickinson’s poetry
• Was religious, but does not favor one specific religion
in her poetry
 Realism
Chapter 4
Twain, Chopin, Cather

• Rejection of the idealized larger-than-life hero of Romantic

literature
• Detailed depiction of ordinary characters or realistic events
• Emphasis on characters from cities and lower classes
• Avoidance of the exotic, sensational and overly dramatic
• Use of everyday speech patterns to reveal class distinction
• Focuses on the ethical struggles and social issues of real-
life situations
 Naturalism
Chapter 4
Twain, Cather, Chopin, Douglas and Jacobs
• Attempt to analyze human behavior
objectively, as a scientist would
• Belief that human behavior is determined
by heredity and environment
• Sense that human beings cannot control
their own destinies
• Sense of life as losing battle against an
uncaring universe
 Modernism
Chapter 5
Pound, Eliot, Cummings, Fitzgerald, Hemingway &
Faulkner
• Bold experimentation in style and form, reflecting the
fragmentation of society
• Rejection of traditional themes subjects and forms
• Disillusionment and loss of faith in the American Dream
• Rejects sentimentality and artificiality
• Rejects the ideal hero as infallible in favor for a hero who is
flawed
• Interest in the inner working of the human mind—expressed
through a new narrative technique such as stream of
consciousness {moment-by-moment flow of characters
thoughts}
• Revolt against the spiritual debasement of the modern world
 Stuff You Forgot You Knew
• Ethos-ethical appeal {means convincing by the
character of the author. We tend to believe
people whom we respect}

• Pathos- means persuading by appealing to the

reader's emotions

• Logos-means persuading by the use of

reasoning
 Stuff You Forgot You Knew
• Parody-a humorous, satirical, or burlesque imitation of a
person, event, or serious work {think Simpsons}
• Pastoral- referring to the purity and simplicity of
shepherds life
• Satire-literature that mocks social conventions---first
make people laugh, and then make them think
• Memoir-an account of the author's personal experiences
• Enamored-To inspire with love; captivate
• Rhetorical-A question to which no answer is expected
• Witty-cleverly amusing; very clever and humorous
 Bibliography/Work Cited
• Remember: Work Cited or Bibliography has
authors listed by LAST name in alphabetical
order.
Works Cited
Adams, Paul. "Furious Arafat Is Freed." Globe and Mail [Toronto] 2 May
2002: A1+.
"Beginner Tip: Presenting Your Page with Style." Webmaster Tips Newsletter.
July 2000. NetMechanic. 13 Oct. 2002 <http://www.netmechanic.com/
news/vol3/beginner_no7.htm>.

Collins, Ronald K.L., and David M. Skover. The Trials of Lenny Bruce: The
          Fall and Rise of an American Icon. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, 2002.

Continelli, Louise. "A Place for Owls to Heal." Buffalo News 12 Jan. 2003: C2.
 Bibliography/Work Cited
• Annotated Bibliographies are set up the same way--they just include a
brief summary about the article or book.

Acuna, Rodolfo. Anything But Mexican : Chicanos in Contemporary Los Angeles. New York:
Verso, 1996. Print.
Provides a focused perspective on the role of the Chicana in the workforce and education
through the use of historical documents. Includes relevant evidence about the contributions of
Chicanas to the Chicana/o movement throughout Southwest history with examples from
education, politics, and the economy. Addresses pertinent social justice issues and responses
by both the Chicana/o and the anglo populations.
Occupied America : A History of Chicanos. New York : Longman, 2000. Print.
Described the gender inequality within the Chicano Movement and the impact of Chicana
feminism on the overall progress of 1970s social actions. Comprehensive coverage of the
Chicana/o history with a careful examination and analysis of key events and players in the quest for

ethnic and gender equality.

 EEEKKKK Hyphens
• Hyphenated words give you the willies? Well, here
is the quick and dirty rule to see if a phrase needs a
hyphen or not:
If it comes before a noun--hyphenate
• Usually the hyphenated word changes the meaning
of the word for example:
hot-water bottle implies that this is a bottle that holds
hot water
hot water bottle implies that this bottle has hot water
in it