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Automation - the use of 

computers to control industrial machinery and processes, replacing


human operators. Technology associated with the application of mechanical, electrical, and
computer-based systems to operate and control production.

There are three types of automation, that is:

Fixed Automation

 High initial investment for custom-engineered equipment

 High production rates

 Relatively inflexible in accommodating product variety

Programmable Automation

 High investment in general purpose equipment

 Lower production rates than fixed automation

 Flexibility to deal with variations and changes in product configuration

 Most suitable for batch production

Flexible Automation

 High investment for a custom-engineered system

 Continuous production of variable mixtures of products

 Medium Production Rates

 Flexibility to deal with product design variations

Robotics - A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts,


tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a
variety of tasks. Interdisciplinary subject – mechanical, electric, electronic, computer science,
biology and etc.

Classification of robots:

 Japanese Industrial Robot Association (JIRA)

 The Robotics Institute of America (RIA)

 The Association Francaise de Robotique (AFR)

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