The document presents a table listing major innovations from 1,00,000 years ago to the present and their consequences or reasons. Some key innovations listed include stone tools from 1,00,000 years ago extending human capabilities, boats and sailboats from 3,500 years ago extending human capabilities, railways from 190 years ago facilitating mental work, computers from 50 years ago improving quality of life, and genetically engineered plants and the internet from 10 years ago increasing the knowledge base.
The document presents a table listing major innovations from 1,00,000 years ago to the present and their consequences or reasons. Some key innovations listed include stone tools from 1,00,000 years ago extending human capabilities, boats and sailboats from 3,500 years ago extending human capabilities, railways from 190 years ago facilitating mental work, computers from 50 years ago improving quality of life, and genetically engineered plants and the internet from 10 years ago increasing the knowledge base.
The document presents a table listing major innovations from 1,00,000 years ago to the present and their consequences or reasons. Some key innovations listed include stone tools from 1,00,000 years ago extending human capabilities, boats and sailboats from 3,500 years ago extending human capabilities, railways from 190 years ago facilitating mental work, computers from 50 years ago improving quality of life, and genetically engineered plants and the internet from 10 years ago increasing the knowledge base.
time (years breakthrough reason preceding 2002) 1,00,000 Making and using Extending human stone gear for hunting capabilities 40,000 Making aIld using Extending human weapons capabilities 3,500 Boats and sailboats Extending human capabilities 800 Clock, cOIIlpass,and Reduced and/or simplified other measurement manual work instiitments 360 Mechanical calculators Replacing human computation 190 Railways (using coal Facilitating and/or making apd oil for eIlergy) mental wotk easier 160 Electricity Improving quality of life 140 ImageaIld sound Providing entertainIIleIlt reproduction and spread of knowledge 100 Telecommunications Improving comfort and/or and X-rays speed of communication 95 Automobiles and Increased speed and/or roads availability of telecommunications 80 Aircraft Faster travel 70 Mass-p~oduced cheIIlicals Improving quality of treatment and other allied areas 55 Nuclear weapons/energy Extending human capabilities 50 Computers IIIlProving the quality of life 45 Mass-produced home Improving the material appliances quality of life 40 Fertilisers and oral IIIlProving quality of life contraceptives 35 Lasers Extending human capabilities 30 The moon landing, Extending human tissues, and organ capabilities transplants 20 The CT (CAT or Body) Improvement in scan diagnostic tools 10 Genetically engineered Increased knowledge base plants, Internet
Adapted fram "Forecastingl Planning and Strategy, for the 21st Centurylll Makrindakis Sprays G., (@Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd.)