New Architecture in Rome by Antonio Caperna

Bauhaus Universität Weimar – Department of Architecture
Universitá Roma Tre – Department of Urban Study

Penn State
State's
s University - Department of Architecture
International workshop, Rome 29 april/10 may 2007

“New Architecture in the Eternal City”
Prof. Elena Mortola, Università Roma Tre

Prof. Romolo Martemucchi, Penn State’s University Rome
Prof. Alessandro Giangrande, Università Roma Tre
Dr Antonio Caperna,
Dr. Caperna Università Roma Tre
Dr. Norbert Korrek, Bauhaus Universität Weimar
International workshop, Rome 2007: New Architecture in the Eternal City
Bauhaus Universität Weimar

Universitá Roma Tre
Penn State's Department of
Architecture
International workshop, Rome 2007

“New Architecture in the
Eternal City”
City clip
li
Dr. Antonio Caperna. International workshop: New Architecture in the Eternal City. Rome april 29/may 10, 2007
new master plan
interview to Mr Veltroni, mayor of Rome
new master plan

Principles
p
¾ decentralization of the functions
¾ Town like a open system
¾ restoration/integration
t ti /i t ti off th
the urban
b margin
i
Aim
¾ new buildings where the impact is low
¾ sustainability (buildings, ecological green nets system)
¾ (physical and social) restoration of the neighbourhood
¾ re-use of the Military areas
¾ maintenance and development of the cultural system (archeology,
museums, contemporary arts, parks, cultural institution, University
and the city library, etc.)
¾ improve off the mobility system – public transport (quality
( and
quantity)
International workshop New Architecture in the Eternal City
The MP has identified 18 new centres in the metropolitan

area; in these nucleus the municipality will carry out new
services
i ( ffi
(offices, busses,
b roads,
d social
i l activity,
ti it etc.).
t )
Main peculiarity about this urban centres will be:
NOT TO BE A DORMITORY PLACE but NEW LIVING
AREAS
(location of new offices and public and private services;
university
i it centers
t and
d institutes
i tit t off research,h multimedia
lti di
centers, theaters, cinemas, hospitals, courts, commercial
centers)
Until few years ago the main services was situated in the
hi t i l city
historical it
This situation caused a strong mobility, low efficiency
and traffic congestion.
g
¾ NO mono-functionality
¾ multi-functionality
multi functionality in everyone of centrality
¾ relationship between everyone of the transport
y
system
¾ Sustainability
¾ Flexibility about the residential and services
functions (residential
(residential, university; commerce
commerce, etc
etc.))
The NEW MODEL OF TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION
local centrality and metropolitan centrality
existing Centrality Planned centrality

Alitalia Magliana
Fiera di Roma Acilia Madonnetta
Bufalotta Anagnina Romanina
Polo tecnologico La Storta
Tor Vergata Cesano
Ponte di Nona-Lunghezza Saxa Rubra
Pietralata Torre Spaccata
Eur Sud Castellaccio Ponte Mammolo
O ti
Ostiense Santa Maria della Pietà
Massimina
The area of this new centraly is located at

EUR.
How: commercial
H i l center,
t publicbli services
i
Eur Sud Castellaccio and other commercial activity;
two g
great tower – residential the first one
and for congress the second + a great
pedestrian area; an archaeological
Museum;; new line of public
p transport
p
plastico
Eur Sud Castellaccio -

Fotomontaggio
This area is characterized by a mosaic of

installations (residence, unauthorized
residence,
id commerce, university,
i it hhospital,
it l etc.
t
Centralità Urbana
there is a unhomogeneity about the urban
Anagnina-Romanina structure, services and public spaces
The new centrality

public green; spaces for social activity, new
spaces for university, stop illegality, cultural
activity sport
activity, sport, residential
(Salgado, Calatrava)
Stop to the illegality

and rebuild (socially
and physically) the 70
unauthorized building g
nucleuses
individualized by the
new MP
The formation and the

culture represent the
primary motor of the
economic i
development. The
New Master Plan
submits a strategic
role to the cultural
h it
heritage and
d cultural
lt l
system.
SYSTEMS
MOBILITY SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEM
URBAN SYSTEM
MOBILITY SYSTEM
New railway
New tube line
New interchange-nodes
New connection between the city
and its neighbourhood
Riqualificazione aree ferroviarie

- Stazione San Pietro
- Stazione Tiburtina
- Stazione Ostiense
- Stazioni Trastevere, Porto
Fluviale e Quattro venti
St i i e fermate
Stazioni f t ferroviarie
f i i
- Stazioni minori del servizio ferroviario
regionale
- Linea FR1 Fara Sabina - Fiumicino
Aereoporto
- Linea FR2 Tivoli - Roma Tiburtina
- Linea FR3 San Pietro - Ostiense
- Linea FR4 Roma Termini - Ciampino
- Linea FR5 Civitavecchia - Roma Termini
- Linea FR6 Frosinone - Roma Termini
- Linea FR7 Roma Termini - Nettuno
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEM
Preservation of
green network
(parks and
agricultural areas)
environmental
preservation and
to preserve flora
and fauna
Ecological network
the master plan adopt a
dynamical
y vision about the
political choices
Every planning activity MUST
BE COMPATIBLE and able to
develop the ecological network
of Rome
Environmental approach is the
main political element able to
address the development
p of
the town
There are 14 parks

Th k inside
i id the
th municipality:
i i lit
Parco Regionale Urbano di Aguzzano,
Riserva Naturale Decima Malafede;
Monumento Naturale Galeria Antica;
Riserva Naturale dell'Insugherata;
dell Insugherata;
Riserva Naturale del Laurentino-Acqua Acetosa;
Riserva Naturale della Marcigliana;
Riserva Naturale di Monte Mario;
g
Parco Regionale Urbano Pineto;;
Riserva Naturale della Tenuta dei Massimi;
Riserva Naturale della Tenuta dell'Acquafredda;
Riserva Naturale della Valle dei Casali;
Riserva Naturale della Valle dell'Aniene.
M
Monumento t N
Naturale
t l QQuarto
t degli
d li Ebrei
Eb i
Monumento Naturale Tenuta Mazzalupetto
there are other 4 parks inside/outside the municipality:

Parco dell
dell'Appia
Appia Antica,
Antica
Parco del Litorale romano
Parco di Veio
Parco Regionale del complesso lacuale Bracciano
g
Martignano
MONTE CIOCCI, public park

Localizzazione: quartieri Valle Aurelia, Balduina, Cipro -Ammiragli
Plans
Public park
Public park
Belvedere east
Belvedere east. Render
URBAN SYSTEM
CASE ECOLOGICHE
Attention the fabric of the city (this furnish detailed information
A BASSO CONSUMO
in urban analysis)
ENERGETICO IN
ZONA MALAFEDE
To locale “four cities”
the historical city:
In this perimeter preservation of typology/morphology and architectural
value. We can locate about 10 “layers”,
layers , from medieval and renaissance,
baroque, until the layer of XX century
strategic programming:
• Tevere;
• Appia Antica-Fori;
• Mura Aureliane; railway
• Cintura;
Ci t
• Asse North South from the Foro Italico to the Eur.
Ambito Tevere
Ambito mura
Ambito Appia antica
A bit Fl
Ambito Flaminio
i i - Fori
F i - Eur
E
Ambito cintura ferroviaria
The consolidated
CASE ECOLOGICHE city
A BASSO CONSUMO
Urban fabric built during
ENERGETICO IN
1931 and 1962; it is articulated
in 3 “layer”:
ZONA MALAFEDE
"definite typology and medium density" (little building
and villas)
"definite typologies and high density“
"free typology“
This indication furnished typological indication to the

planner/architect
the city to renovate
CASE ECOLOGICHE
It include areas without plans and illegal nucleolus (from 1931 to the
A 1962)
BASSO CONSUMO
ENERGETICO IN
New residential
ZONA MALAFEDE plans
the city of transformation
CASE ECOLOGICHE
A BASSO CONSUMO
ENERGETICO IN
ZONA MALAFEDE
new works of architecture
Auditorium - parco
della musica di
Renzo Piano
In 1994 he won a competition

p for providing
p g Rome with a multi-
function complex dedicated to music. Piano’s winning project is
characterised by three "music boxes": three halls with different
capacities
p (2800,
( , 1200,, and 700 seats)) as well as an open-air
p
amphitheatre for 3,000 people.
The three halls seen from the upper level gardens
The Rome Philharmonic Orchestra is known as Orchestra di Santa

Cecilia thus named after the saint regarded as the patron of music.
The main hall of the Auditorium is named after the saint too. The
complex of buildings, which includes shops, cafeteria and a library is
located next to Via Flaminia
The lead dome of one of the halls
The domes of Rome, including St. Peter's dome are covered with lead,
as this metal protects the structures below from the impact of excessive
variations
ariations of the o
outside
tside temperat
temperature.
re The way
a Ren
Renzoo Piano has
designed and assembled the lead panels covering the three halls is no
doubt the most impressive feature of the auditorium.
The architect had in mind

the music boxes of lutes
when he designed the
domes of the three halls;
these, however, when
seen in isolation,
suggest different
images: gigantic insects
or even a whale.
roman
villa
Music’s bridge
g ((studio Buro Happold
pp Ltd ) will jjoin two areas in the north :
quartiere Flaminio (auditorium by Piano) and Centro per l’arte Contemporanea by
Zaha Hadid, and Monte Mario where there is a youth hostel, the Foro Italico and
RAI Auditorium
OSTIENSE
Gazometro’s area –
science’s bridge on
th Tiber
the Tib
University of Rome Tre
Theater India
Area of Mercati
generali, where
Koolhaas has created
a town for the young
people; inside this
structure there will be
art labs, cinemas,
theaters, but also
services for citizens
(kid garden, social
services, etc.)
The restoration of this
area will
ill be
b also
l
characterized by a new
vehicular bridge
Science’s bridge will join two industrial areas

that actually are not accessible. This two areas
have a specific history and the new plan will
respect this peculiarity throughout use of
different materials
Il Ponte della Scienza collegherà due aree industriali sino ad oggi precluse alla
città: l'area Italgas sul lato Ostiense e l'area ex Mira Lanza sul lato Marconi.
Ognuna delle due aree ha una sua storia. La concezione che è alla base del
progetto del Ponte della Scienza è che questa differenza venga rispettata,
attraverso la scelta di materiali e sistemi strutturali diversi per le due sponde,
rendendo così evidente la specificità di ognuna.
Mercati Generali - Koolhaas Rem
MERCATI GENERALI, ITALY, ROME, 2004

Redevelopment of a formal industrial area of
Ostiense in Rome
The Mercati Generali site is located on
the Via Ostiense, a former industrial area
in close proximity to the historical sites
of ancient Rome. Formerly occupied by
market halls and utility buildings from the
early 1900's, the new design envisages a
combination of public space and large-
scale commercial, leisure and cultural
facilities.
facilities
The strategy for the redevelopment of the

Mercati Generali proposes a balance of uses
that closel
closely resemble an emergent method
for the rehabilitation and reprogramming of
disused structures. Whereas historically
public space flourished around squares and
streets linked to religious or civic buildings
or landmarks, today’s cities relay
increasingly on the private sector to
propagate the city pulse, especially through
retail and leisure.
The p present convergence
g of urbanity
y and commercial mega-structures
g questions the status of public
q p
space today. Where the later outgrows its envelope and overflows into the city as an independent
instrument of urbanity, or where cities instigate regeneration resorting to commercial strategies. The
redevelopment of the Mercati Generali offers the opportunity to define a balance between the two.
The task to intervene on the grounds of the Ex-Mercati Generali in Rome offers the opportunity to
explore
l the
th status
t t off public
bli space in
i the
th contemporary
t European
E metropolis.
t li
The Mercati Generali site on the Via Ostiense is a peculiar location in the fringe of the familiar Rome,
only a few blocks from the ancient city walls. This central, yet edge location, offers a proximity that
eases building inside Rome
Rome, with the apparent luster of being outside the Rome
Rome. The strategic
location, historical importance, urban presence and shear scale of the Mercati Generali should be
exploited to spearhead the redevelopment of the complete neighbourhood.
Working g with a historical site,, almost a given

g in Rome,, implies
p abiding
g to strict rules of intervention
that are heavily prescriptive and severely limit the implantation of the new. In the case of the Mercati
Generali the task becomes more so challenging given its relative youth (by Roman standards). Built
from the early to mid 1900’s, and its current state of ‘limited’ decay yet with ‘substantial’ historical
documentation poses the challenge of practicing an industrial archaeology of great meticulousness
offering
ff i minimal
i i l leeway.
l
This structure was

slaughterhouse;
l ht h now it
houses Architecture
faculty, la Scuola
Popolare di Musica di
Testaccio, l'Accademia
delle Belle Arti, Dams, il
Museo Comunale d'Arte
Contemporanea; it will
be house of the arts
MACRO FUTURE
piazza Orazio Giustiniani, 54 -
00153 Roma
Lunghezza 62.56 m
Larghezza 1616.55
55 m
Altezza centro tetto 13 m
Altezza lati 9 m
Area di ciascun
padiglione 1,036 m2
MACRO FUTURE Assonometria padiglione mattatoio
Mattatoio di Testaccio: new padiglione MACRO Future
Mattatoio di Testaccio: new p
padiglione
g MACRO Future
Localization: Testaccio
Description: Plan for Università di
Roma Tre inside the area of ex
Mattatoio di Testaccio - Padiglioni
2b, 4, 8, 15a, 15b, 15c, 16, 23.
reuse off old
ld b
building
ildi to realize
li
new classrooms, libraries, labs,
etc.
Il Mattatoio di Roma la città delle arti
MACRO (via Reggio Emilia)

by Odile Decq
http://www.lastoriasiamonoi.rai.it/
http://www.lastoriasiamonoi.rai.it/puntata.aspx?id=151&from=do
http://tv.architettiroma.it/metropolis/fede.html
Chiesa di Dio Padre

Misericordioso by Richard Meier
(quartiere di Tor Tre Teste)
Clip
Chiesa del Dio Padre Misericordioso has been conceived as a new

centre for a somewhat isolated housing quarter in the Tor Tre Teste
area, located outside central Rome. The church was built for the
Jubilee year 2000
2000, although it was eventually completed in 2003.
2003
Detail
of the
sails:
il
rear
view
Three great shells constitute the most impressive feature of the

building; they represent sails, a reminder of the traditional
iconograph of the church
iconography ch rch as a boat (see the ceiling of S.
S Maria in
Domnica). The five bells have a meaning too: they represent the five
continents: a topic already existing in many other Roman monuments:
from Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi to the ceiling of S.
S Ignazio.
Ignazio
Detail of the
altar and
ceiling
ili
In the afternoon a small opening in the rear wall sends sun rays onto the main
altar: maybe Richard Meier had in mind Bernini's Confessione, the decoration
of St. Peter's apse.
The Mosque by
Paolo Portoghesi
SOURCE
p p
http://www.romeartlover.it/superind.html
In the 1970s during a state visit to Italy the late King Fahd of Saudi Arabia
complained to Italian officials about the lack of a suitable mosque in Rome. At
that time the Muslim community was mainly limited to the members of
embassies of Muslim countries or to their envoys at the United Nations Food
and Agricultural Organization located in Rome. King Fahd declared that his
country y was p
prepared
p to bear the cost of building g a mosque,
q provided
p that the
Italian authorities found an appropriate location for it.
The minaret;
detail of the open
galleries; the
palm-grove (and
the shadow of a
very Roman pine)
The choice of the site was therefore well pondered: the piece of land near
Acqua Acetosa where the mosque was eventually built is near the modern
quarter of Rome where most embassies are located and so it was easily
accessible by the Muslim community of the 1970s, but at the same time a hill
hid the minaret from the historical p
panorama of Rome.
Detail of the main dome; tradition and modernity

y
Clip
p ((5 min))
Piazza San Cosimato in Trastevere
New marketplace
Il nuovo mercato rionale.
Il mercato conserverà la sua posizione
attuale ma verrà razionalizzato e
concentrato in una sede più compatta
ed ordinata
National competition to realize new piazza san

cosimato
reduction of road traffic
more suitability for human living
Ara Pacis by
y Meyer
y Richard
VIDEO - INTERVIEW TO
Mr LA ROCCA
Ara Pacis by Meyer Richard
2001
2001
R. Mayer and Ara Pacis
2004
2004
2006

2006

2006

2006
Maxxi, Hadid Zaha
The MAXXI_National
MAXXI National Museum of the XXI Century Arts (via Guido Reni) is a new
institution of the Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities supervised by the
DARC - General Direction for Contemporary Architecture and Art, and is the
result of a great commitment that has involved specific energies and skills of the
concerned administrations, both from a historical-artistic and architectural and
from an administrative and legal point of view.
http://www.darc.beniculturali.it/MAXXI/english/museo.htm
Maxxi by Hadid Zaha
In 1998 the Special Superintendency

for Contemporary Art, on appointment
of the Minister for Cultural Heritage
Heritage,
advertised the international call for
tenders for the implementation of the
new national expository centre
dedicated to contemporary art and
architecture in Rome . Among the 273
candidacies, the winning project was
that of architect Zaha Hadid which
convinced the jury as a result of its
capability to integrate with the urban
texture owing to an innovative and
highly creative architectonical solution.
The final design confirms the idea of
an urban campus , where the traditional
notion of building is amplified into a
broader dimension that invests the
p
spaces both of the city
y and of the
interiors. The complexity of shapes,
their sinuous outline, the variation and
interlacing of dimensions, determine a
spatial and functional plot of great
complexity.
The two museums - MAXXI art and
MAXXI architecture – revolve around the
full height grand hall,
full-height hall from where the
reception services, the cafeteria, the
bookshop, the didactic laboratories, the
auditorium, the live event halls, the
galleries
ll i dedicated
d di t d tot temporary
t
exhibitions and the collections of
graphics and photography are
accessed.
A number of environments
cohabiting in a sequence of
suites characterized by the
modular use of natural light.
Space is not exclusively
identified by a linear course
course,
but offers a range of
alternative choices, in order
to ensure that the visitor
never turn back and enjoy
striking panoramic glimpses
of the architecture,
architecture the works
and the city.
Zaha Hadid talks about MAXXI
Stazione Tiburtina - Desideri Paolo
Stazione Tiburtina - Desideri Paolo
Centro Congressi Italia - Fuksas Massimiliano
Santiago Calatrava
Tor Vergata University - Roma II
Ground has been broken for

a new Campus Master Plan,
Sports City and Rectorate
Tower.
Image courtesy Santiago Calatrava, LLC
Located to the east of central

Rome,, Tor Vergata
g University
y
currently has a 1,480 acre
campus serving 38,700
students in six schools:
economics,
i llaw, engineering,
i i
arts and humanities, medicine
and science.
Calatrava’s master plan for the

campus, conceived with conscious
reference to the Circus Maximus, is
designed
g as a longgp promenade,,
bordered along its entire length by a
double row of cypresses. At one end
will be the new Sports City; at the
other the Rectorate of Tor Vergata
other,
University. A large urban park, linking
the University with Sports City, will
become a forum for meetings and
social and cultural events.
Other buildings, to be developed later,
will ultimately line the avenue,
providing accommodations for students
and housing new university faculties.
The Palanuoto/Palasport complex will

also contain gymnasia, laboratories,
classrooms, teaching facilities, and a
fitness and rehabilitation center,, as
well as offices and shops. Externally,
the sporting area will be rounded off
with a track for track and field events
and an open-air
open air swimming pool
pool.
Sports City, to be developed in

an area close to the Torrenova
access to the Rome-Naples
hi h
highway, will
ill b
be comprised
i d off
two identical fan-shaped
pavilions, arranged
symmetrically and a series of
symmetrically,
external infrastructure works to
complete and complement the
development. One of the
pavilions will house the multi-
purpose arena (Palasport); the
other will accommodate the
swimming pools (Palanuoto)
(Palanuoto).
Image courtesy Santiago Calatrava, LLC The buildings will be functionally
independent and therefore able
to host different events at the
same time.
REFERENCES
"Rome: A New Planning Strategy" by Franco Archibugi, Taylor & Francis, 2005
"Rome: A New Planning Strategy" looks at the problems of a city over the last one hundred years and suggests a totally
new planning strategy. The book examines the stages that have marked the increase off population and change in land
use and analyses the masterplans with which there has been an attempt to control these evolving conditions. Using
Rome as a case study, the book deals with the socio-economic effect of an absence of planning strategy during the
recent growth of the city. The author presents the characters and features of a new masterplan based on his many years
of experience in theoretical and practical planning.
INTERNET
http://www.darc.beniculturali.it/MAXXI/english/progettoarchitettonico.htm
http://www.lastoriasiamonoi.rai.it/
http://www lastoriasiamonoi rai it/puntata aspx?id=151&from=do
http://www.lastoriasiamonoi.rai.it/puntata.aspx?id=151&from=do
http://www2.comune.roma.it/dipterritorio/architettura/sancosimato/index.htm
http://www.arapacis.it/
http://www.macro.roma.museum/italiano/home.html

New Architecture in Rome by Antonio Caperna

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Bauhaus Universität Weimar – Department of Architecture

Universitá Roma Tre – Department of Urban Study

International workshop, Rome 29 april/10 may 2007

Prof. Elena Mortola, Università Roma Tre

Bauhaus Universität Weimar

International workshop, Rome 2007

new master plan

interview to Mr Veltroni, mayor of Rome

new master plan

The MP has identified 18 new centres in the metropolitan

existing Centrality Planned centrality

The area of this new centraly is located at

Eur Sud Castellaccio -

This area is characterized by a mosaic of

The new centrality

Stop to the illegality

The formation and the

Riqualificazione aree ferroviarie

There are 14 parks

there are other 4 parks inside/outside the municipality:

MONTE CIOCCI, public park

Belvedere east. Render

This indication furnished typological indication to the

the city of transformation

new works of architecture

In 1994 he won a competition

The three halls seen from the upper level gardens

The Rome Philharmonic Orchestra is known as Orchestra di Santa

The lead dome of one of the halls

The architect had in mind

Science’s bridge will join two industrial areas

Mercati Generali - Koolhaas Rem

MERCATI GENERALI, ITALY, ROME, 2004

The strategy for the redevelopment of the

Working g with a historical site,, almost a given

This structure was

MACRO FUTURE Assonometria padiglione mattatoio

MACRO (via Reggio Emilia)

Chiesa di Dio Padre

Chiesa del Dio Padre Misericordioso has been conceived as a new

Three great shells constitute the most impressive feature of the

Detail of the main dome; tradition and modernity

National competition to realize new piazza san

R. Mayer and Ara Pacis

Ara Pacis by Meyer Richard

Ara Pacis by Meyer Richard

Ara Pacis by Meyer Richard

Maxxi, Hadid Zaha

Maxxi by Hadid Zaha

In 1998 the Special Superintendency

Zaha Hadid talks about MAXXI

Centro Congressi Italia - Fuksas Massimiliano

Centro Congressi Italia - Fuksas Massimiliano

Centro Congressi Italia - Fuksas Massimiliano

Ground has been broken for

Image courtesy Santiago Calatrava, LLC

Located to the east of central

Image courtesy Santiago Calatrava, LLC

Calatrava’s master plan for the

Image courtesy Santiago Calatrava, LLC

The Palanuoto/Palasport complex will

Sports City, to be developed in

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