Topics

2102440 Introduction to ¾ Sync vs Asynchronous

¾ RS-232C
Microprocessors
¾ 8251 USART
¾ 8251 Initialization
Chapter 12
Serial Communications

Suree Pumrin, Ph.D.

1 2102440 Introduction to Microprocessors 2

Serial vs. Parallel Data Transfer Synchronous vs. Asynchronous

Serial Transfer
¾ A communication protocol is a convention for data transmission that
that
include such functions as timing, control, formatting, and data
Serial communication presentation. There are two categories depending on the clocking of
Sender Receiver
uses a single line data. the data on the serial link:
z Synchronous protocols--
protocols--each
each successive datum in a stream of data is
governed by a master clock and appears at a specific interval in time.
z Asynchronous protocols--
protocols--successive
successive data appear in the data stream at
arbitrary times, with no specific clock control governing the relative
relative
delays between data.
Parallel Transfer
D0 ¾ There are special IC chips made for serial data communications.
These chip is called UART (universal asynchronous receiver-
receiver-
Parallel communication transmitter) and USART (universal synchronous-
synchronous-asynchronous
uses n-bit data line. receiver-
receiver-transmitter).
Sender Receiver

D7

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 Asynchronous Data
Synchronous Data Communication
Communication
Transmit data Transmit data

Receive data Receive data

System 1 System 2 System 1 System 2
Clock Signal common

Signal common

MSB LSB

Parity
bit Data
Stop Start
Data SYN CHAR #2 SYN CHAR #1 bit bit
(MARK) (SPACE)
Synchronous data-transmission format
Asynchronous data-transmission format
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RS-232C interface with

RS-232C communications equipment
¾ A widely accepted interface standard
originally developed to foster data
communication on public telephone
network through a modem (modulator-
demodulator). This has been adapted to
the communication of terminals (PCs)
directly to computers.

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 RS-232C Interface,
Terminal/computer to Terminal/computer
8251 USART
¾ The 8251 USART (Universal Synchronous
Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) is capable
of implementing either an asynchronous or
synchronous serial data communication.
¾ As a peripheral device of a microcomputer
system, the 8251 receives parallel data from the
CPU and transmits serial data after conversion.
This device also receives serial data from the
outside and transmits parallel data to the CPU
after conversion.

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Block diagram of 8251 Read/write operation of 8251

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 8251 Initialization
P o w e r-o n R e s e t

Load m ode
¾ Before the 8251 can be used to
in s t r u c t io n
receiver or transmit characters,
its mode control and command
Async?
Y registers must be initialized.
N ¾ The 8251 has only one address
for a few control registers.
Load syn char

¾ The only readable register is a

Load
status register. The other
com m and
in s t r u c t io n registers must be written in
sequence.
Y
R e s e t?

2102440 Introduction to Microprocessors 13