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b] What are the different types of delays experienced by the packet-along the path
2.a] Describe random access protocols with their merits and demerits.
b) List two advantages and disadvantages of having international standards for Network protocols.
b) Data is to be transmitted from Hyderabad to Bangalore. The data was CRC coded at Hyderabad to
Bangalore. The data was CRC coded at Hyderabad using the devisor 10101. The data 1100100101011
was received at Bangalore. How would you find whether the received data is exact one sent from
Hyderabad?
11. What is routing and explain the Non-least cost path algorithms with an example.
12.a) Compare the individual fields of the IPV4 leader with the IPV6 header.
b) Differentiate between the Intradomain multicast protocols and Inter domain multicast protocols.
13.a) Why is UDP needed? Why can’t a user program directly access IP?
b) Clustering protocols
c) DNS.