Physiology Presentation Ch.

6,
7 & 14
Aleta Anderton
University of Phoenix Online
HCA 220 Medical Language
Instructor: Rebecca Hopwood
May 15, 2011
The Process of Blood Clotting
Injury

Platelet Aggregation

Coagulation

Hemostasis
 Blood Clotting Factors
Platelet Injured
Liver
s Tissue
Fibrinogen
Calcium
Prothrombin

Prothrombin Accelerator

Plasma Thromboplastin Tissue factor

factor (Thromboplastin
Antihemophilic
Stuart-Prower factor )
Plasma Thromboplastin
Antecedent

Hageman Factor Fibrin-Stabilizing

Factor
Fibrin-Stabilizing Factor
 Immune Response

Immune
Immune
response
Pathogens enter response detects
destroys the
the body microorganisms
pathogen, or
or cancerous cells
cancerous cells.
Defense: The Attack on Pathogens

• Injured body tissue summons

Cytokines leukocytes to the area

Neutrophils • Engulf and destroy bacteria

• Release chemicals that destroy

Eosinophils
parasites and foreign cells
• Release Histamine in response to the
Basophils
presence of microorganisms
Defense: The Attack on Pathogens

Monocytes engulf and destroy all

types of pathogens and eat dead

Monocytes leukocytes and cellular debris

Interferon is released by
macrophage that have engulfed a
virus

Interleukin stimulates B & T cell

lymphocytes and activates NK
cells

Tumor necrosis factor destroys

endotoxins caused by certain
bacteria
Defense: Attack on Pathogens & Creation of
Antibodies

Lymphocytes NK cells are special lymphocytes that

recognize a pathogen by its antigen

When a B cell is presented with a

pathogen it changes into plasma and
produces antibodies against the
pathogen

T cells are leukocytes that mature in

the thymus and are instrumental in
identifying, memorizing and
destroying pathogens
THE PROCESS OF AN ALLERGIC
REACTION
HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE TO COMMON ALLERGENS

FOOD POLLEN

ANIMAL
DUST
DANDER

MOLD CHEMICALS
 HISTAMINE
LOCAL REACTION SYSTEMIC REACTION

Occurs when an allergen Occurs when

touches the skin or is allergens are inhaled,
inhaled and causes: ingested or injected
• REDNESS and causes:
• SWELLING • HIVES
• IRRITATION AND ITCHING
• ASTHMA ATTACKS
• ANAPHYLAXIS
THE PROCESS OF HORMONE RELEASE

The Endocrine System

The endocrine system contains organs and glands
that secrete hormones that regulate various body
systems and maintains body homeostasis.

Hormones bind with the receptors of specific

organs to produce and effect

Hormones released by one organ or gland can

stimulate another organ or gland to release its
hormones.
Glands & Organs That Release Hormones

The Pituitary gland secretes 7

different hormones including GH
Hypothalamus secretes releasing and
(growth hormone) and PRL, the
inhibiting substances
hormone that stimulates the
mammary gland for milk production.

The pancreas releases 3 hormones

The Thyroid gland secretes 3
directly into the blood, Glucagon,
hormones, T3, T4 and Calcitonin
Insulin and Somatostatin.
Glands & Organs That Release Hormones

Adrenal
Ovaries Testes
Glands
Mineralocorticoid
Estradiol

Cortisol Testosterone

Progesterone
Androgens
Blood contains fluid, cells and other substances. Blood travels through the
cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system , transporting oxygen and
carbon dioxide and hormones throughout.

The immune response is a coordinated effort between the blood and

lymphatic system to destroy invading microorganisms and cancerous cells.

Allergic reaction occurs when allergens enter the body of a hypersensitive

individual, the reaction causes the body to release histamine, a hormone
that causes the blood vessels to dilate so that more leukocytes can combat
the reaction.

The endocrine system releases hormones into the body's systems through
organs and glands in an attempt to keep the body in homeostasis, so that
all systems function properly.
 References

Turley, S. (2007). Medical Language, Immerse Yo

urself. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson
Prentice Hall.

Images:
http://popdose.com/tag/hypothalamus/
http://www.becomehealthynow.com/popups/pi
tuitary_gland.htm
http://www.rasayanaseattle.com/journal/2011/
3/16/thyroid-health.html