Science Vision 9(1), 1-9 1

Of human bondage, and the emancipations from the

two gentlemen of Victorian
K. Lalchhandama

Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl 796 001, India

Tin, heti hi khuarêl kalphung rêng a lo ni a, leilung pian tirh ata khualzinna ram khawvêla
mihring chêng tawh zawng zawng tam zâwk hi chu tu khawkha-ina an hriat zui loh tûr kan ni
a, hriat reng tlâk leh theihnghilh thiang lo chu tlêmte chauh an ni. Kum 200 chiah kalta, 1809
February ni 12 kha, a nawm leh nawm loh kan hre tawh hauh lo na a, khawvêl kalphung her
danglam a, a Chhûra ko thlâk zâwnga kan nunphung leh rilru sûkthlêk min kaihruaitu mihring
pahnih, khabe hmul buk tak tak, pian ni a nih vâng erawh chuan mihringin mihrinna kan neih
chhûng hi chuan chhinchhiah a hlawh kumkhua tawh ang – an khabe hmul vâng ni lai lovin!
Pipute a\anga taksa leh rilru khuahkhirh beh tlata awm keini fuli-a-fa tungchhova kal mihringte
kan hreng ata pût chhuak a, phuarna hruihrualte hlip a, kan kawlte khêng thla a, min khirhna
khaidiat min phelhsaktute, kan tânna rip ata min khai chhuak a, taksa leh rilru chhûngrila
zalên tih awmziaa piangthar thei tûra an chhia leh \ha hriatna piah lama an huaisenna
chungchuang hmangtu khawvêlin a rawn her chhuahpuite kha, an pianchamphaphâk 200-na
a lo thlen hian ngaihhlut nachâng kan hriat loh a hlauhawm takzet a ni. Tisa leh thlarauva tu
bawih nghâwngkawl maha tâng leh tawh lo tûra zalenna dâr an vuak hi a ri a mawi si a.

Bawih ni tawh lo tûrin – Abe
Ran chaw pêkna thlêng aia û deuh awrh, thing
in (log cabin) tawngchham zetah Abraham Lin-
coln khan a nu chhûl a rawn keu a. Berâm pu leh
mi fing kawng bo tute emaw beisei chhete eih lovin
Thomas Lincoln leh Nancy Hanks te nupa chuan
thingtlâng (Zokhua ni lovin!) kilkhâwr Hardin
County, Kentucky chhûnga Sinking Spring
Farm-ah an hring chhuak ve mawp mai a ni. A
nu leh pa te hi thiam nei lo, hmeithai chem bila
bil, ran vulh leh huanthlai enkawla eizawng an ni.
Eng chhiarpui mah avânga he lai hmun hi pan an
ni lova, a hma thla, Decmeber ni 2 1808-a an
neih thing-lung khâwnga he Sinking Spring Farm
hi lei chauh an ni.
Tin, nausen chu a lo sei lian deuh deuh a, a fing
deuh deuh a. Nu leh pa thu awih thei tak han tih
khawmawi pawh rem \euh lovin a pate lawina
kohhran Hardshell Baptist-ah pawh vawi te khat
mah a pên lût chhin lo va, a dam chhûngin eng
biak in mahin Kalvari kawng kraws lamah a hip
bet ngai lo hlen. Nia, a dam chhûngin biak in
rahkaah a hniak a hnutchiah chiar dep dup lo.
Kum 9 hmêl a hmuhin a nu chuan a boralsan
lehnghâl a. A ngainatzâwng tak nuhrawn, Sarah
Johnston a nei leh thuai a, mahse a thinlung chuan
a pa zâwk chu a chemhâr thung a ni. A nu leh pa
aia hma sâwnin tha 18 lai chu school a kal ve hial
a, a bâk chu mahni inzir chawp leh dap chawpin
a bei a, inbuan leh hrei (axe) chelek pawh
hnehsawh tak a ni.
Kum 22 a lo nih chuan 6.4 ft laia sang, thahrui
ngah, chêr tak si a ni. A chêr-sân vâng pawh ni

Science Vision Vol. 9, No. 1 © 2009 MIPOGRASS January - March

2 Of human bondage, and the emancipations...
lovin hemi kum hian a pa te chu chhuahsanin
mahnia intunnun nan New Salem khuaa sumdawng
hnuaiah a inhlawh \an a. Sangamon, Illinois [il-a-
noi lo ti hrâm teh aw] leh Mississippi luiah te
bungraw tawlhin a hmanhlel \hin.
A pianna log cabin
A kum leh 1832-ah chuan ram rorêlna lamah
a mit a lên ve \an a. Whig Party hmingin Illinois
General Assembly a chuh ve hial a, a tling lo. Mi
sehhel, Pawihte savun hnam an tih ang maia tlo
tlut mai tih takah a han beih fat fat hnu 1834-a
kum 25 a lo nih chuan an state rorêl khâwl zingah,
Sangamon biala a\angin a lo tling ta mai a ni. Hemi
hnu lawk hian Commentaries on the Laws of
England tih bu a chhiar a\angin dân lam zir châkna
a nei \an a, chu chu atchilhin mahnia inzir chawpin
1837-ah phei chuan ukil puitling hial a lo ni ta.
Ukil thiam leh hlawhtling ber zinga chhiar tel hial a
ni. Hetih lai hian Sangamon bial a\ang hian a zâwnin
\um 4 lai Illinois House of Representatives-ah a
tling a, Illinois Whig Party hnârkaitu ber a ni ta
bawk. November 4, 1842-ah Mary Todd nen
inneiin a hnu-ah fapa 4 lai an nei a, vânduaithlâk
takin 1 chauh, Robert Todd Licoln chiah a puitling
thlengin a dam khawchhuak. 1846-ah chuan U.S.
House of Representatives-ah a lo tling ta nge nge
a. Sulhnu lian tham nei lo mah se, a hun a tâwp
ruala Oregon bial Governor ni tûra an ruatna chu
Science Vision Vol. 9, No. 1 © 2009 MIPOGRASS
hnarin Illinois lamah bawk a ukil hna chhunzawm
a thlang a.
Mahse Puallênga thlang tla ang chu a ni hauh
lo mai le. Khaw hrang hrang tlawh kuala a ukil
hna a thawh pah chuan Illinois rorêlna hmuna
\awngkam a lo cheh zeuh tawh, bawih neih hi sual
a ni tih chu a hunah te a hun lovah te a hril ta zâwk
a. An sawrkâr dân Kansas-Nebraska Act an tih
meuh pawh bawhchhiain October 16, 1854 khan
Peoria khaw mipui hmaah bawih neih hi a dik lo
tih sermon puitling a thlâk hial a ni. “I hate it [Kan-
sas-Nebraska Act] because of the monstrous in-
justice of slavery itself. I hate it because it de-
prives our republican example of its just influence
in the world – enables the enemies of free institu-
tions, with plausibility, to taunt us as hypocrites –
causes the real friends of freedom to doubt our
sincerity, and especially because it forces so many
really good men amongst ourselves into an open
war with the very fundamental principles of civil
liberty – criticizing the Declaration of Indepen-
dence, and insisting that there is no right principle
of action but self-interest” a tih te phei chu Tlâng
chunga Isua sermon aiin a lêm chuang lo ve. A
zuitute pawh phûng velh ang mai an lo ni ta a.
A inzuah buk hma leh hnu
A sangawi zâwnpuite nên Republican Party
tharah inchhûng lûtin, rei loteah party hmatheh ber
leh hmuipui pu ber, an khawdai ngul a lo ni der
January - March
Of human bondage, and the emancipations...
mai a. An party erawh an buai, ‘bel keh phuar
khâwm tui pai thei lo’ tih ang mai bawk an ni a,
bawih chungchângah ngaihdân a phir; a duhtu za,
duh lotu za tih ang vêl a ni. May 9-10, 1860-a
Republican State Convention chuan President
chuh tûrin an vawrh chhuak ta a. November 6,
1860 inthlan puiah chuan Republican Party leh
Illinois state a\anga President hmasa ber niin thlan
tlin a lo ni ta. Mahse rem lêntir tûra lo kal a ni lo,
khandaih lêntir tûra lo kal a ni zâwk.
U.S. hmâr lam state chauhin Lincoln hi an
thlâwp a, bawih bân duh lo ho chhim lam state te
chuan dodâlin U.S. a\anga inhnuhdawh tumin Con-
federate States of America an invuah a. An ram
rorêlna chu dolung leh tuboh kârah dahin,
hriamhrei chelek mai tûra inrâlring rêngin, a mipui
mimir pawh tlângkang inmung ang maiin an phili
hlawm a, chhim leh hmar chu a chê chê sih hlawkah
tih ang deuhin an inserhkaih tlat mai a ni. March
4, 1861-a President an nemngheh a\anga thla khat
lekah silai vilik thawm a ri \an a, \ah leh ha \hialna
ram a lo ni ta. Chuti chung chuan ani chu Sailo
lungphun nghet mar mar tih ang maia ding nghetin,
a duhthusâm bawih bânna thupêk Second
Confication Act (July 1862) leh Emancipation
Proclamation chu September 22, 1862 khan a
tâw pawh sai zeuh lovin a tlângzarh \hulh chuang
hlek lo. Tichuan U.S. sawrkâr hnuaia tlu lût leh
ram an lâk apiangah chuan tu mihirng mah bawih
ni tawh lo tûrin, chatuana zalênna dâr chu vuak
rik a lo ni ta.
1864-ah inthlan pui a lo hun leh tawh a, Civil
War avânga tlâk mai amah ngei pawh a
hlauhthâwn tawh lai pawhin a hma aiin a chak
zual zêl zâwk. Zalenna hi thisena lei tûr pawh ni
se mihringte hian kan lo ngam huai êm a ni tih
tilang tûrin President a nih vawihnihna inaugural
address-ah pawh a lei li nêna inmawi lo hiala
mawiin Pathian hming chhâlin, “Yet, if God wills
that it continue, until all the wealth piled by the
Science Vision Vol. 9, No. 1 © 2009 MIPOGRASS
3
bond-man’s two hundred and fifty years of unre-
quited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of
blood drawn with the lash, shall be paid by an-
other drawn with the sword, as was said three
thousand years ago, so still it must be said ‘the
judgments of the Lord, are true and righteous al-
together.’ With malice toward none; with charity
for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us
to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work
we are in; to bind up the nation’s wounds; to care
for him who shall have borne the battle” a ti hial a
ni. April 1865 Civil War-a hnehna an chan hnu
chuan bawih bânna thupêk chu kumkhaw dân a
nih theih nan December 6, 1865-a U.S. Consti-
tution Thirtheenth Amendment-ah chuan, “Nei-
ther slavery nor involuntary servitude ... shall ex-
ist within the United States, or any place subject
to their jurisdiction,” tiin lungpui châra châr aia
nghetin thu ro lum an châr hnan ta a ni.
Emancipation Proclamation an peih ta
Miten ‘chhandamtu’ an tih, mi hâng bawih
chhuakhovin ‘Father Abraham’ an tih chu Ford’s
Theatre-a lemchan an en \ha hle hle lai John
Wilkes Booth chuan a lu-ah silai mu a thunsak ta
mai a, April 15, 1865 khan vân vawm khua a
chang ta a ni. Bawihte tâna chhandamtu leh martar
ni mah se, bawih neitute tân hmêlma a nih miau
avângin Springfield, Illinois-a a thlân pawh vawi
January - March
4 Of human bondage, and the emancipations...
duai lo suasam tâwkin a ruang rûk an tum hial a;
1901 phei chuan a fapa Robert chuan Thawhlehna
Ni-a buaithlâk tûr khawpa \hain a phûm \ha nghe
nghe.
Springfield-a a thlan,
Mount Rushmore,
American $ 5, 1965
stamp
U.S. President ropui ber zinga chhiar leh presi-
dent nih laia tihhlum ni hmasa ber a nihna ai daihin
huaisen taka mihring zalênna a hlawhtlinpui avângin
khawvêl chanchin kan neih chhûnga dai tawh lo
tûr chu a ni; amah azârah mihringin kan
mihringpuite bawih atâna neih kan châk leh tawh
ngai lo. Hriamhrei leh nunna thâpa an dodâl,
mihring thisen chhuah a, ama nunna ngei an chhah
hialna khawpa an cheksawlh kha, mi tam takte
tâna chhandamna tâwpthang hawngtu, bawih ni
tawh lo tûra zalênna mei mit lo chhitu a ni.
Puithuna bawih ata pawh – Charley
A hming hi ka ziak sual hlek lo a nia, a nupui
ziah dân thlap a ni. February 12, 1809 vêka piang
Charles Robert Darwin kha chu mi neinung
chhûngkua, mual êng hmu phâka mi a ni a.
Damdawi daktawr Robert Darwin leh Sussanah
Wedgwood te fa 6 zinga a panga atân an
chhûngkaw in ‘the Mount’ an tih, Shrewsbury,
Shropshire, England-ah a lo piang a. A pute, a pa
pa leh a nu pa pawh England-a mi challang ni sa
Science Vision Vol. 9, No. 1 © 2009 MIPOGRASS
rêng, \hi beh chin ngat an ni a; a pian nan khualbûka
len loh, ran chaw pêkna thlênga mut tih vêl a hnai
lo. A pa Robert hi mahnia ngaihdân hran nei mi,
freethinker a ni a, mahse Anglican kohhranah a
fapa baptisma chantir erawh a dang lêm lo. Chuti
chung chuan a nuhovin a unaute nên Unitarian biak
inah an lawi daih thung.
Naupang harvâng, chimawm tak a nih thu aman
a ziak nual a. Naupang dangte aia a remhriatna
te, a tlânchakna te leh a thilphalna te chu \hiante
tâna hmang \angkaiin thei chi hrang hrang lawh
rûk a hnehsawh hle tihte pawh a inchhuanna tak
a ni. Thei lawh nân bik liau liau hmanruate pawh a
siam chhuak a, a \hiante leh an \henawm tlangvâl
te tâna thei lawh chu a rawngbâwlna lian tak ni;
\hian rinawm tak a ni phawt mai. July 1817-a a
nuin mual a liamsan avângin school tak a kal hma
chuan a u Caroline chuan lehkha a zirtir a;
nungchang mawi pawh a farnute a\anga a zir vek
a ni tih aman a sawi nghe nghe.
Kum 8 mi a nih lai leh a tlangval lai
Shrewsbury-a Dr. Butler school-ah kum 7
(1818-1825) chhûng a kal a. Boarding school
mah ni se, an in a\anga lam hnai a ni bawk a, a
tlân haw zung zung \hin; Pathian hnêna a dil
tlânchakna chu chhawrbawl theia a awm avângin
January - March
Of human bondage, and the emancipations...
a lawm hle. Chu zirna in zet chu school
hnemhnânawm tak zawng a ni lo phawt a ni ang,
“The school as a means of education to me was
simply a blank,” a ti duh hial. A school kai laia a
hun \ha ber a tih chu a u Erasmus nêna an huana
laboratory an siamah hun tam zâwk an hmang \hin
chu a ni. An chemical experiment te chu an âtchilh
hneh bawk a niang, a school \hiante chuan amah
chu ‘Gas’ tiin an ko fiam hial. Hei hi experiment
lama a tuina mêllung ber a ni nghe nghe
A pu Erasmus Darwin leh a pa a\anga science
kan tih tâk lama chhun tûr nei \ha a ni a, a pa
damdawi hnaah pawh a pui ve lâwp lâwp \hin.
Shrewsbury School-a a zir zawh hnuin a u Erasmus
leh a pa hnungzuia daktawr puitling nih tumin Uni-
versity of Edinburgh-ah 1825 khan an puanthuah
an vawm lût ve a. An han zir \an a, an zirlaiah
chuan a tuitla ta hlek lo, an zir dân te lah chu a eng
lo – ‘til’ – thênna lam a ni buruhseh lo tih leh, na
chhâwkna/hnimhlum la hman hma a ni bawk a, mi
zai te lek phei chu a chek ngeih loh zâwng tak tih
hriaiin a hnualsuat a. |um hnih ngawt damlo an
zai lai tlânchhuahsanin, “The two cases fairly
haunted me for many a long year,” tiin a tiltip thu a
chhâkchhuak thlâwt. An university chu khawvêla
nungchate chungchang zirna lama chungchuang leh
museum pawh nei \ha ber zing ami a ni a, ama tui
dân zâwnging nungcha zirna lamah a hmanhlel ta
zâwk a. A kum 2-naah chun an zirlai pâwl Plinian
Society a zawm ve a. A chem kalna tûr rêng a ni
ang tih tilang tûrin thil tui ni maia an ngaih (ova of
Flustra an tih) chu rannung pangngai cilia hmanga
kal thei a ni tih leh, tuikep chi khat kâwra bâwk
bet \hin chu vangvat chi khat tui a ni tih a
hmuchhuak a, chu chu an society hmaah March
27, 1827 khan a puang.
A pa duhzâwng tih chu a chaw tui ber a ni
hauh lo tih a pa’n a hriat hnu chuan Christ’s Col-
lege, Cambridge lamah Anglican kohhran puithiam
(pastor/clergy) nih theih nana kawng hmasa Bach-
Science Vision Vol. 9, No. 1 © 2009 MIPOGRASS
5
elor of Arts zir tûrin January 1828 khan a nawr
liam leh a. “Aw ka Pa, ka in lohva hei hian mi pelh
theih lul loh chuan nangma thu thu ni rawh se,”
pawh tih tum chuang hlek lovin Cambridge-ah
pawh chuan a kawhmawhbâwl chu a hlamchhiah
lova, lehkha zir aia sakawr chungchuan, sava veh
leh silai kah themthiam lamah hmanhlelin, sephung
chi hrang hrang khâwl khâwm lamah a intlakral
zâwk a. |um khat pawh sephûng chi hrang pahnih
a hmu a, a kut lehlam lehlamah a hum a, a hnu
lawka chi dang a hmuh leh chuan hloh phal rual
lovin a dinglama a hum chu a kaah a hmuam a, a
man belh a. A hmuam ber khera kha tlâwm leh
zahna nun nei lo chhiava kha a lo ni a, a ka chhunga
a zun khum chuan a ka a tikâng a, a na ti lutuk
chhâk chhuak chuan a kut ami pawh a chhuah zo
vek; duhâm luat a chân phah ta. Ilustrations of
British Insects tih bua sephung danglam bik hming
bula “captured by C. Darwin, Esq” tih an chuan
meuh chuan a hlimin hai hlim a tiat a. Hetia a
pingpei lai hian a ni a nun kawng kaltir danglam
vektu, a Gamaliel-a, botany zirtirtu Revd. John
Stevens Henslow a tawn tâk a ni. Engemawti hnu
phei chuan hriau leh a hrui ang maiin ‘the man
who walks with Henslow’ tih hial hlawh khawpin
a zui peih hruah hruah a.
January 1831-a exam a hun chuan Mizo style
dik takin exam teptêr tawhah a biling a balang, tai
tâta \angin a bei chiam a, result a chhuah meuh
chuan a pass zawng zawng mi 178 zingah 10-na
lai a han ni pha dêr; amah tak phei chuan a nihna
zât hi a hre lo, a pawisa teh chiam lo. A zirlaia tel
William Paley-a kutchhuak Evidences of Chris-
tianity leh Natural Theology te chuan a rilru a
fan ta viau nghe nghe. Chutih rualin science lama
a ‘tisa châkna’ te chu sosâng zual zêl a, Kumpinu
lawng HMS Beagle-a captain Robert Fitzroy
hnuaia captain \awiawmtu leh thil khawnkhawmtu,
naturalist atâna Henslow-an a lo ruatna lehkha a
hmu chiah phei chu hnapkhâwn pachang hmu chu
January - March
6 Of human bondage, and the emancipations...
nêp te, hahni hil duk khawpin a \hen reng âwm e.
Mahse a beng a lo thlen chuan mi zawng alaia mi
zaidam ber a tih, a pa duhzâwng a lo la ni ta
chuang lo va, a pa ra a han so phalha khawlhkham
a siam hnua a putean lo thlâwp hlauh lo phei se
bui lung tâwk ang hlauh a ni ang; mahse a ni lo, ni
lo takzet.
Mi Thianghlim Paula khual zinnain khawvêl
sakhaw kalphung a sawi danglam dawrh angin he
HMS Beagle khualzin vawi hnihna hian science
rahbi a her danglam vek dâwn; science mai piah
lamah finna (philosophy) a nghawng nat dân mawlh
mai hi, ‘a sawp chu nasa tak a ni’ tih mai palh awl
tak a ni; “The voyage of the Beagle has been by
far the most important event in my life and has
determined my whole career,” a ti mathlâwn lovin.
1831 Krismas ruai nawn tûk [!] December 27
khân puan thuah têlin an chhuak a. Beagle hna
ber chu tuifinriata lawng kalkawng leh ram
hmêlhmang zirchian, a bikin South America
vaukam chipchiar taka chhinchhiah a ni a; Aus-
tralia leh South Africa te tlawhin ‘Khawvêl hrût
chhuak ila’ tih hi a takin an nunpui a ni. Lawng
lianpui ni mah suh se, a mi chuang pakhat tê
avângin khawvêla lawng hmingthang ber zing ami,
science huangah phei chuan Nova lawng aia
belhfâkawm zâwk daih a ni!
Khatia Darwin-an an ram fanna leilung leh
nungchate zir chianga a duh thâla hun a han hman
tâkah chuan, Kristiante inzirtirna nghet, amah
pawhin a pawm thlap, nungcha tinrêng mai hi
engkim an nih dân tûra ang thlapa Pathianin a siam,
\ha a tih êm êm, danglam ngai lo tih chuan a ngaih
a ti\ha ta miah lo a. Khawi lam êng chuangtlai
deuh mahin chhun thlu ve lo mah se, a Damaska
khaw dai tih ngam tûr, Pacific Ocean-a thliarkar
te tak te te bâwr khâwm, Galapagos Islands,
September 15, 1835-a an chuan kai hnu phei
chuan Pathian thilsiam chungchâng chu a
suangtuahnaah a riak ta reng a. Patling 8 zâwn
Science Vision Vol. 9, No. 1 © 2009 MIPOGRASS
tham Galapagos satel, khawvêl dam lai satel lian
ber [300 kg, 4 ft aia lian satel i hmuh chuan dâwt
ka sawi] te a han hmuh phei chuan Tuilêt hma ami
ni hialin a ngai a. A lairil fantu tak zâwk chu heng
satel te hi an awmna thliarkar azirin an kâwr a
danglam a, an kâwr ringawt en paw’n khawi
thliarkâra chêng nge tih a hriat theih. Chu mai chu
a la ni lo, thliarkâr hrang hrang tlawh pawh zung
zung thei sava (mockingbird) te pawh an awmna
thliarkâr bîk azirin an danglam bawk tih a hmu a.
Chutianga species danglam theih dân awmzia chu
chhui dâwnin a thil hmuh leh hriatte chu a rilruin a
ngaihtuah a, a vawng reng a. A zualzawpui
vailenhlo tih ang maiin Australia khawmual an fana
rat-kangaroo leh platypus a’n muh phei chuan
khawvêl hmun danga nungchate nên an danglam
nasat êm avângin Siamtu Pathian pahnih an awm
a ring titih hial a: Surely two distinct Creators must
have been [at] work; their object however has
been the same & certainly the end in each case is
complete, tiin.
A pu Henslow bawk a kuthnute theh darh lama
a mei zang hlaptu a lo ni leh a, a lehkha ziakte chu
mi thiamho kutah a lo hlân chhâwng zêl a. Kum 5
dâwn thaw an thang hnu, October 2 1936-a
Beagle-in England a thlen leh meuh chuan sci-
ence lama mi lâr, chepa hmingthana thang a lo ni
dêr tawh a. Ngaihdamna ngah ber mihringa a ngaih
a pa meuh pawhin, “Hei hi ka Fapa duh tak, ka
lawm em ema chu a ni; ama thu ngai rawh u,” a ti
rum rum âwm e; a fapa chu a rochan ai bâka sum
a mamawh zât paipâwntirin mahnia kea ding thei
tûrin a siam ta nghâl a. A thil hmuhchhuahte a zir
chian belha a han puan zâr hnu phei chuan scien-
tist chalngêng lian a lo ni tak tak ta a.
Sava zir mi John Gould-an Galapagos-a a sava
hmuhte a’n zir chiansak a, mockingbird danglam
tak tak a hmuhte chu danglam satliah lo, species
hrang hlak a ni tih te, sava chi hrang hrang emaw
a tih te pawh sava chi khat, finch vek, mahse spe-
January - March
Of human bondage, and the emancipations...
cies 12 lai ni si a ni tih a finfiahsak a. Chutah zet
chuan Pathian thilsiam chunchânga Genesis zirtirna
chu ‘thlah lovin ka vuan tlat zêl ang a’ han
tichhunzawm chi ziazâng a ni ta lo. Nungchate hi
danglam thei, kan chênna hmun azira species dang
daiha insiam thei kan nihzia a tisa mit ngei maiin a
lo hmu tawh reng tihah a pianthar tâkah chuan a
thlarau lam mitmim chu – phuhlip ang chiah chu a
ni lovang a – a lo tla \an ta. Rin tlurna (dogma-
tism) hi finna mit tideltu [sakhaw thilah phei chuan
thisen tam tak chhuah tawhtu tih te chu sawi tel
chi pawh a ni lo va], rilru zalênna hmêlma, thil a
nihna tak dodâl tlat, thu dik hliahkhuhtu a ni tih
hriat chianna hlu tak a lo nei ta, ani zârah keini
pawhin kan lo nei thei ta a ni. Puithuna âtthlâk
bawih riangvai fate hian, zalên ka ni lo vem ni?
kan lo ti thei ta; vânduai asiamin mihring tam zâwk
hian chu zalenna chu hei leh chen hnuah pawh
hian kan la man pha dah lo rual a – khawlhkham
hlawmin.
Vanduaithlâk takin tuifinriata an zin veivahna
lamah taksa chak lohna a rawn paw haw a, rim
taka a thil hmuh leh hriatte puanzâr zêl nana
lehkhabu a han ziah tak tak phei chuan a
bawrhsawm zual ta hle a. A lehkhabu hmingthang
hmasa ber The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S.
Beagle pawh Queen Victoria a lo lal rual, 1837
khan a peih thei hrâm a. September thlaah phei
chuak daktawrin chawl hahdam tûrin a râwn ta
hial a. A chhûngte Shrewsbury lamah rei lo te
tlawhin, Stafforshire lama a putea te a va chênchilh
a, chutah chuan a ni nula thianghlim pakhat, ‘tuma
la chuan ngai lohna’ [!] Pathian \ih mi, tluangngil
ngila ngil, perhpâwng nu ang zâm mai, a putea
fanu Emma Wedgewood a awm ni. A farnu pawh
chu buaipui khu ruai chuang lovin a putea
kawhhmuh changpât vânga lei \ha insiam dân te
chu a ngaihven zâwk a, lei ti\hatu atâna changpât
pawimawhna hmuchhuaktu a lo ni ta daih a.
A hriselnain ziaawm lam a pan a, a ngaihtuahna
Science Vision Vol. 9, No. 1 © 2009 MIPOGRASS
7
te tuai hriamin hmun hrang hrang a tlawh kual a, a
thuziak kâr lakah te chuan ‘Marry’ leh ‘Not
Marry’ tia ziak tlar meuhin nupui neih leh neih
lohah nasa takin a inkhâp a, a duhna leh hrehna
chu Jakoba leh Pathian inbuan ang maiin an inbei
a, mahse a duhna chu a Jakoba ta. November
11, 1838-ah Emma chu a rim thlu ta a, January
29, 1839-ah ‘ka nei ta che’ [\awng tuallênga ‘tiam
tlat e’ an tih hi tuman an ti tak tak law!] an ti ta a
ni. Emma chu Lersia se chi \ha ang mai a lo ni roh
a, fa 10, fanu 4 leh fapa 6 lai a hrinsak. A fapa te
chu scientist hlawhtling tak tak an ni hlawm a,
George, Horace leh Francis phei chu science
dinhmun sâng Fellow of the Royal Society ni pha
hial an ni.
Species te lo danglam theih dân suangtuaha
rûm sawi heih theih lohvina a tur ut ut laiin Octo-
ber,1838 khan Thomas Malthus thuziak An Es-
say on the Principle of Population a chhiar a, a
thinglung mit tihvâr a lo ni ta; “I had at last got a
theory by which to work,” ti meuhin beng thlenga
bawp khaiin a hlim ta âwm e. Chu a theory finfiah
nan chuan kum tam enchhinna hrang hrang a bei
zui a, a thu ro lum a siam peih \an, Janaury 11,
1844-a Joseph Dalton Hooker hnêna a
lehkhathawnah phei chuan a theory puan chhuah
chuan nghawng a nei thui dâwn tih hriaiin, fiamthu
ti takin, “Tualthah inpuanna te pawh a ang,” a ti
hial. Chutiang khawpa theory huhâng nei na tûr
tih a hriat tlat avângin \anchhan nghet tak nei tûrin
a thawk zêl a, lehkhabu âwm khauh taka chhuah
tûrin a mung tlut tlut a. Mi pakhat, Alfred Russel
Wallace, Malay thliarkâra khawsa chuan a theory
ang deuh chiah mai a lo ngaihtuah chhuak ve tih
an hriat chuan a duh aia hmain On the Tendency
of Species to form Varieties; and on the Per-
petuation of Varieties and Species by Natural
Means of Selection tiin Wallace nen paper
in\âwm chu July 1, 1858 khan an puang ta a. A
theory bul\hut hrilhfiahna a lehkhabu ziah lai pawh
January - March
8 Of human bondage, and the emancipations...
chu a kai tawi [phek puitling 502 zet hi ani chuan
‘abstract’ a ti lekfang a]-in On the Origin of
Species by Means of Natural Selection, or The
Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle
for Life tiin a’n puanngo zawh tawp mai a, No-
vember 22 1859-a an chhuah ni phei chuan an
chhut zawng zawng chu a ni la lain an hralh zo
nghâl pak. He Natural Selection hi a ni thu mak
kan sawi nin theih loh, sakhaw rinna lama mi
firfiakte hmêlma kumhlun, biologist-te rinrâwl leh
thuthlung bupui, nunna chungchâng zirna kawng
tinrênga a kila lung pawimawh ber, biology
lungphûm chu a ni. Keini lah chuan ani chu ngaihsân
ahnêkin ‘zawng thlah kan ni tih zirtirtu’ kan lo la ti
vêl tak mai maia ei! bengtululho. Hmun dang
remchângah a hranpain kan la khel fîp ang chu.
Kum 51 mi, On the Origin of Species a
chhuah hlim
Science Vision Vol. 9, No. 1 © 2009 MIPOGRASS
A inzuah buk hma leh hnu
He a lehkhabu-ah tak phei hi chuan mihring
chungchâng rêng a sawi lova, sakhaw thurin a
sawi nghing thei tih hriain thuhnu dâwn tâkin,
“Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his
history,” ti chauhin a thu hmâwr a sawi themthawi
duh lek a. Mihring chungthu chu 1871 khan The
Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to
Sex (Vol I & II) tih bu-ah a puangzâr ta chauh a
ni. Lehkhabu rotling dang \hahnem tak Geology
of the Voyage of the Beagle tih te, The Varia-
tion of Animals and Plants Under Domestica-
tion te, The Expression of the Emotions in Man
and Animals te, The Effects of Cross and Self
Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom te, The
Formation of Vegetable Mould, through the
Action of Worms, with Observations on their
Habits te leh pangpâr leh naubân chungchâng a
ziahte bâkah a scientific paper za tam te hi tûnlai
thlenga mite zir hlawh a la ni hlawm.
1851-a natna khirh tak vânga a fanu duat êm
êm mai Annie a boral thut achinah sakhaw lama
rokhawlhna lian takin a tlâkbuak a, 1849 hnu phei
chuan biak in lamtluangah ke rah fuan tâwkin
tukhum chhah a chhawn khum a, ‘Chawlhni amah
biak nan a ni’ tih pawh a sa leh tawh ngai lo. June
January - March
Of human bondage, and the emancipations...
England Pound 10 mawitu
28, 1858-a scarlet fever vânga a fa tlum ber
Charles Waring a thih leh phei chuan, ‘Hetiang
ka duhin ka \awngtai ngai lo,’a ti hmak tawh a. A
hun hnuhnûng lamah chuan, “An agnostic would
be the more correct description of my state of
mind,” ti meuhin a inpuang ta a ni. Kohhran bêlbul
tlat a nupui fanaute avâng erawh chuan thih
thlamuanna a tlachham lêm lova, “I am not the
least afraid of death – Remember what a good
wife you have been to me – Tell all my children to
remember how good they have been to me,” tiin
a hnuk chak dâwn ruaiah pawh a nupui a hrilh a,
Henrietta leh Francis te hnênah pawh, “It’s al-
most worth while to be sick to be nursed by you,”
a ti lawm lawm bawk.
Science Vision Vol. 9, No. 1 © 2009 MIPOGRASS
9
A birthday 200-na chawimawi nan British
Pound 2 tharah chimp nen inhmachhawnin
London boruak rit tlânsanin Downe, Kent-ah
1842 khân in leh lo an bêngbel a, hetah hian kum
73 mi niin April 19, 1882 khan a awmze bulthûm
a hrilhfiah nunna chu, thawhlehna beisei hauh lovin,
a thlah ta. Amah tluk leka science leh finna her
danglamtu Isaac Newton-a kiangah, Britain
sawrkar invuina sâng ber nên mi bikte chauh an
zalhna Westminster Abbey-ah a ruang chu a tho
leh palh hlauh te a nih loh chuan kumkhua atân an
zalh a. Thinlung lairila zalênna, rilru rêng rênga hriat
sên loh, kan la hriatthiam mang hek loh min
hnutchhiah erawh hi chu a nung zêl ang a, chhia
leh \ha hriatna nei nunna a awm chhûng hi chuan
kan buaipui zêl dâwn pawh niin a lang.
January - March