SEMINAR ON CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

TOPIC – QUANTUM HALL EFFECT

PRESENTED TO – DR. B.I. SHARMA

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS- AUS

PRESENTED BY-
AMIT KUMAR SHA
M.Sc. 4TH Sem. ROLL NO- 49
 CONTENTS
• Classical Hall effect
• Quantum Hall effect
• APPLICATION
• REFERENCES
 The classical Hall effect

• The Hall effect was discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879.

• It is well known that a charged particle moving in a

magnetic field feels a `Lorentz' force perpendicular to its
direction of motion and the magnetic field. As a direct
consequence of this Lorentz force, charged particles will
accumulate to one side of a wire if you send current
through it and hold it still in a (perpendicular) magnetic
field. This is called the Hall effect. The voltage drop at right
angles to the current is called the Hall voltage; The current
divided by the Hall voltage is called the Hall conductance.
 Integer QHE

K. v. Klitzing

Discovered in 1980,
aa
Nobel Prize awarded
to von Klitzing in 1985

  𝒉
𝑸𝑼𝑨𝑵𝑻𝑰𝑺𝑬𝑫𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑳𝑹𝑬𝑺𝑰𝑺𝑻𝑨𝑵𝑪𝑬= 𝟐
𝒏𝒆

  𝐕
𝐎𝐇𝐌𝐈𝐂 𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐍𝐂𝐄=
𝐈
 APPLICATION
• The most important aspect of the quantum
Hall effect for applications is the fact that the
quan-tized Hall resistance has always a
fundamental value of h/e2 = 25812.807 · · ·
Ohm. This valueis independent of the material,
geometry and microscopic details of the
semiconductor.
• IQHE is now used as the international unit
standard of resistance.
 REFERENCES
• CHARLES KITTEL, Introduction to solid state
physics, wiley india, 7th edition
• [7] M. Greiter, Int. Journal of Modern Physics
A 13 (8), 1293 (1998).
• [8] S.C. Zhang and J. Hu, Science 294, 823
(2001
• S.O. PILLAI, Solid state physics, New age
international (p) ltd. publishers., 6th edition