9. Which of the following is the most accurate statement with regard to temperature regulation in animals?

(A) All aquatic animals are endothermic. (B) The body temperature of ectotherms is always the same as the temperature of their environment. (C) Cellular respiration in ectothermic animals does not produce any heat. (D) The rate of cellular respiration in endotherms is affected by the temperature of the environment. 10 Four different animals were maintained in a laboratory in habitats similar to that of their natural environment. The body core temperature of the animals was measured in response to changes in the temperature of the laboratory environment.

Which of the following statements is best supported by the data? (A) Animal I maintains its body core temperature relatively constant by shivering when the environmental temperature falls below 37C. (B) Animal II is homoiothermic (endothermic) over the environmental temperature range of zero to 30C. (C) Animals I and II are most likely mammals. (D) Animal IV is most likely a marine mammal. HSC1999 27. Animals and plants living in hot desert environments need to conserve scarce water and at the same time prevent overheating. (a) Explain how some animals living in a desert environment may maintain their body core temperature lower than their surroundings by: (i) behavioural adaptation; (ii) structural adaptation; (iii) physiological adaptation. (b) The control of water loss in plants is usually by means of structural adaptations. Detail how TWO of these structural adaptations reduce water loss in desert plants. HSC 1997 (a) (i) Lying out of the sun in the hottest part of the day. (ii) Have a large SA:V ratio for decreased loss of water. (iii) Panting and sweating causes a cooling down effect on the body. (b) The leaves have a waxy coating to prevent water loss. Leaves also have tiny hairs which trap the moisture and prevent loss of water by evaporation. In part (a) only an adaptation was given but no explanation. Full marks could not be awarded. In (b) two adaptations were given. However, only detail for one was provided and so full marks were

not awarded.