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Alternating Current (A.C)

AC voltage can also be represented by a sine function. E = Eo sin t.

Instantaneous value of ac is the strength of electric current at any instant. Peak or maximum value of ac is the maximum current is the cycle. Mean or average of ac is equal to dc which transforms same charge across the circuit as that of ac during the same time.

2
across the circuit iav = imax

Different AC Circuit
AC Through a Resistor If I = I0 sin t, then E = E0 sin t

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The phase or diagram is shown below:

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AC Through an Inductor If E = E0 sin t I = I0 sin ( t /2)

Ma
L ~

ma .i

where io is maximum current (amplitude) and

is angular frequency.

Fig. An alternating current is one which changes in magnitude and direction periodically. It is represented by a sine or cosine function. The value of current at any time t is given by i = i o sin t.

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E t E0 X I0 I
XL = L = 2pf L, where f is frequency of AC XL is measured in ohm The variation of XL with f is shown in fig.

XL

AC Through a Capacitor If E = E0 sin t I = I0 sin ( t + /2)

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(i)

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t
and I = I0 sin

The variation of E and I with t is shown below. In this representation, E = E0 sin t

AC Through LR Circuit If I = I0 sin t, then E = E0 sin ( t + )

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C ~
2
E = E0 sin t E, I t I = I0 sin ( t + /2)

ma .i
f
L ~ R

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(ii) Inductive Impedance ZL =

R2

L2

The reciprocal of impedance is called admittance. (iii) Power in LR Circuit

R
Average power, Pav = Ev Iv AC Through CR Circuit (i) If E = E0 sin t, then I = I0 sin ( t + )

R 2 L2

C R

(ii)

Capacitive Impedance ZC =

R2

2 2

1 c

AC Through LCR Circuit If I = I0 sin t, then E = E0 sin ( t + )

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Ma
L R ~

ma .i
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