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    This document discusses ocean circulation patterns, waves, and tides. It describes how ocean circulation varies with latitude and is driven by density differences from heating and cooling. Waves are formed by wind and their size is affected by length, height, and period. Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun and have semi-diurnal and diurnal patterns that vary monthly and by ocean basin shape.

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    This document discusses ocean circulation patterns, waves, and tides. It describes how ocean circulation varies with latitude and is driven by density differences from heating and cooling. Waves are formed by wind and their size is affected by length, height, and period. Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun and have semi-diurnal and diurnal patterns that vary monthly and by ocean basin shape.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    29 views9 pages

    Lecture 2 Aug. 24 Handouts

    Uploaded by

    Robby Goggins
    This document discusses ocean circulation patterns, waves, and tides. It describes how ocean circulation varies with latitude and is driven by density differences from heating and cooling. Waves are formed by wind and their size is affected by length, height, and period. Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun and have semi-diurnal and diurnal patterns that vary monthly and by ocean basin shape.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    of 9

    Tuesday, Jan. 17: Ocean circulation, Waves, and Tides I. II. I.

    Patterns and causes of ocean circulation Wave formation Tides

    Patterns of ocean circulation

    North

    Latitude

    Eastward Velocity (km/h) 1670 1440 830

    Equator 30 N. 30 N latitude 60 N. latitude

    South

    Polar Easterlies Westerlies

    Northeast Trades Southeast Trades Westerlies Polar Easterlies

    Upwelling

    Coastal Winds + Coriolis Effect = Upwelling


    Peru

    Oceanic Circulation

    WIND

    Density varies spatially in the oceans

    Seawater density (mass/volume)

    Thermohaline circulation

    heating

    cooling

    Surface flow

    Thermocline

    Equator

    After Wardle and Eschel, U. Chicago

    Poles

    Thermohaline Circulation
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    S60 AAIW

    Equator
    WARM SURFACE WATER

    N60

    Sal. Sal min O2 min O2 min Sal. max

    NADW AABW
    O2 min

    O2 max

    AABW=Antarctic Bottom Water; AAIW = Antarctic Intermediate Water; NADW = North Atlantic Deep Water

    Global conveyor belt

    Circulation summary:
    )

    Three things that affect wave size:

    http://www.nationalgeographic.com/volvooceanrace/interactives/waves/index.html

    Waves
    Dimensions
    L

    L H V T

    H L/2

    V=

    L T

    Water motion negligible Bottom

    L H L/2

    Water motion negligible Bottom

    Tides

    Semidiurnal tides are caused by two forces:

    Monthly variation in tidal amplitude


    m E m Sun

    Sun

    m E = Earth m = Moon

    Diurnal and unequal semidiurnal tides

    Tidal height (cm) (

    Tidal height (cm)


    5 10 15

    300 200 100 0

    500 400 300 200 100 0 5 10 15

    100 0

    100 0

    Day D

    Day D

    Tides are influenced by ocean basin size and shape

    Tidal Bores

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