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Pratık Notlar
Pratık Notlar
as well as yapsnda araya hibirey gelmez. Kural 3: ALTHOUGH-Still ilikisini unutma!!!! Ztlk balalarnn olduu ana cmlede: stil, nevertheless, nonetheless, was/were able to, but, yet, manage to olabilir. Kural 5: Suppose that kurallar geerli Supposing Provided that kurallar geerli Providing Kural 7: range vary vary differ IF yaps TYPE 2
Kural 2: ,and ,but ,so ,for yaplar ,yet ,then ,or /, nor ,whereas Kural 4:
AND + so BUT + You may be, but even so MAYi grnce BUT ara!!!!!!!!!!!
condition in situtation in
Kural 6: A is B yaps varsa; A is B, thus only NGli olur. thereby generally Kural 8: So long as As long as sonras boluk % 100 fiil
IF yaps TYPE 2
IF yapsdr.
As sfat as Sfat olan long ile kullanldnda iki eyin benzerliini yapmak iin kullanlr. My story is as long as your story. Kural 10: Now that Seeing that Cmle bana Anlam gelir. Inasmuch as : in that asn for Cmle bana gelmez dan in that (SVO gelir) = as regards (noun gelir) Kural 12: STILL 1. Tense sorularnda still grnce Present rense seilir. 2. Bala sorularnda Although/Even though/Though gibi bir bala seilir.
For+ SVO
Kural 11: THOUGH 1. Although/Even Though anlam. 2. Cmle sonunda kullanm ve yinede/ama anlam.
A friend of mine mine doru me olmaz.
Kural 14: Ana cmlenin sonuna virgl (,) gelir. So that+ that SVO ama bildirir. birleik yazlan so (yapabilmek iin) O kadarki sonu bildirir. Ksaltmas as to
1. zneler farkl, 2. Zamanlar ayn olmaldr. 3. Ztlk ister (but/however/ yet gibi)
so adj that such adj+noun anlamnda sebepthat ile yaplr. Kural 16:
will
Not only .But (also). Neither.Nor. ksmdan sonra gelen Either.Or. tekil yada olur. Kural 17: Over + present sre Over + past sre perfect Hence far Thus far perfect cont. So far Kural 19: V2 DURING
V2 gelirse kars V3 ad been Ving by the time= by the end of=by Kural 18: At the moment %1 At present 00 Presently am For the time being Vi n is Constantly g Now (now present perfect de olabilir) a
had h
future present
re
last years (belirsiz zaman) have/has V3 Kural 21: in case lest fort the fear that SHOULD ister.
Kural 20: Before ve Until hari, bala taraf nce olan olay anlatr. (past zaman) When HAD V3, V2 yada V2, V2 Once After (present zaman) As soon as V1, will V1 yada have/has V3, will V1 Kural 22: On my own By myself ownlar on alr. selfler by alr.
Kural 23: ANY: Olumsuz cmlede kullanlr ama cmleyi olumsuzlatrmaz. TOO: Olumlu cmlede kullanlr ve cmleyi olumsuzlatrr.
Kural 24: Any: herhangi bir Any doctor = herhangi bir doktor Some: tek /mutlak Some way= mutlak/tek yol
Kural 26: very (-) only a (-) quite a (+) just a (-) a (+) Kural 28: __________ more beaitiful (comparative) even rather far much/slightly alot /a great deal/a little Kural 30: by %40 gelir. %li ifadelerin bana by
Litt le
only a (-) quite a (+) (a lot of) just a (-) a (+) Kural 27: __________ the most beatiful (superlative) The very by far best far and away quite very much Kural 29: UNUTMA: asas (+/-) so..as (-) Cmle olumu (+) ise: I work _______ as much as Ali. twice/ three times/four times Cmle olumsuz (-) ise: I dont work _____ as much as Ali. quite
_______ two million jobs almost/ all but saysal nearly/roughly nne bu approximately/about gelir. up to/as many as Kural 32: Gizli IF olan BUT var UNUTMA!!!!
SVO
BU could/would/might V1 T V1
could/would/might BU T V2 HAVE V3
Kural 33: Ought ____to Have ____ to Has _____ to Are _____ to IF yapsdr Yet yada Also gelir.
As long as
ukla kendisinden S
Kural 35: comparative and comparative yapsndan sonra present continous tense gelir. better and better gelir. more and more Kural 37: am/is/are V ing
Anlam: e
gelince.
OR SF A
Kural 38: so that in order that in order to so as to as to to Kural 40: Perfect Continouslar Never Have/has V3 Already Had V3 Just Will have V3den biri gelir. (perfect yaplar) Yet was/were Ving varsa When/While/Just as /As At this time Kural 42: OF ALL varsa superlative yap ara. C2 (can-could) M2 (may-might) W2 (will-would) VERB gelirrrrr..
Kural 41:
Had V3 varsa V2 ara!!! Had V3-Had V3 asla yan yana
gelmez. Had V3- was/were Ving ile asla yan yana gelmez. Would-Had Been Ving asla yan yana gelmez. V2-V2 yan yana gelir. was/were Ving- was/were Ving yan yana gelir.
Kural 43: V1- Have/Has V3 BUT varsa yan sadece AND ve yana gelir. Have/Has V3- Have /Has V3 sadece AND ve BUT (perfect yaplar asla varsa yan yana gelir. yan yana gelmez) Kural 45: nerme Cmlesi past ise kars en az V2 olmal. He said that __V2__(en az V2) nerme Cmlesi present ise kars en fazla V2 olmal. He say that ___V2_(en fazla V2) Kural 47: Cmle banda Neither geldiklerinde Only Hardly/Scarcely/Barely cmle DEVRK Not only olur. At no time No/None Cmleyi Never olumsuzlatr No sooner rlar. Kural 49: When/While/Just as/as (zaman anlam) AS anlam-gibi) anlam) Kural 51: Any longer Any more No longer (gemi) No more Much as/Just as/as (paralel
Kural 48: t is kalb t is first time second time t is time + to go t is time Ali ( ) + V2 )+ had V3 have/has V3
SVOSVO balarlar. ki
Like+ noun gelir.
Sadece As + NOUN gelirse olarak Because/Since/as (nk-iin anlamndadr. As + SVO gelirse gibi anlamndadr. Kural 52: Sonrasnda
zne yoksa V1 gelir
USED TO V1 ya gtrr.
Kural 53: t .. that PASSVE He . to They/she/we (it hari tm zneler) Kural 55: with (+) without (-) + noun IF (Type2/Type3) adverb adjective + Kural 57: NOUN NOUN VERB VERB Ving Ving HAD V3 HAD V3 ADV./ADJ. ADV./ADJ. AND BUT OR as though ZARF GZL
Kural 54: QUTEdan sonraki bolua what (wh sorular) a lot of verb superlativ e yaplar gelir. YES= Thats right Kural 56: Kyafetler N alr. (Men in black siyah giyen adamlar) Aksesuarlar WTH alr. (Women with red krmz takan kadnlar) Kural 58: NOT ..BUT Kalbna Dikkat: Merely But also Solely As well Only Too Bu yaplarda gelebilir..
ALTHOUGH
Ardk yaplar ister Kural 59: (zneler ayn) (zne farkl, tense ayn) ALTHOUGH WHLE/WHEREAS However, In contrast, Nonetheless, Conversely, Nevertheless, On the other hand Even so, JUST AS/MUCH AS/AS Still, Yet on the contrary (zneler ayn, cmlelerden biri olumsuz) Kural 61: Like Hate + Would like + to Ving V1 Dislike Economics/Mathematics + S Bilim dallar s ile de bitse S alr.
Kural 60: GZL F !!! (YOKSA) must Will ought to Would V1 should Would Have had better or, or else, ; otherwis e, V3
BUT
iki ayr cmle balamaz iki ayr cmle balar. Prepositiondan sonra
if ve that gelmez.
Kural 63: SO= e anlamllar: Therefore As a consequence/ consequently Fort this reason As a result Thus/Hence Accordingly That is why Kural 65: FOR= e anlamllar: Because Since As Inasmuchas On the grands that Seeing that/now that/in that Kural 67: On/upon cmle banda ise DEVRK olur. WHEN/AS SOON AS ile e anlamldr.
Kural 64: AND = e anlamllar: As well as Besides Moreover Furthermore Also n Addiction Further Kural 66: Subjunctive yaplardan SUBJUNCTVE!!!! sonra should V1 Its crucial kullanlmaktadr. Should Its important kullanlmadnda ise Its significant filin yaln hali kullanlr. Its vital importance Should V1 yada should significance atlr ve sadece V1 urgency gelir. Kural 68: SVO+ as well ayndr. SVO +too ile
I love pizza. I love cake, as well. is of-are of have got/has got is to-are to must Kural 69: the question this NOUN isimden sonra noun + like this Kural 71: Zarf+isim = byle bir ey yok Zarf+sfat = the most beatiful Zarf+zarf = Zarf+sfat+isim = significantly benefical information Sfat+isim = red book such as gibi. like this when a single man would live used to live Kural 72: Kiiye zg sfatlar OF alr.. th oughtless of Nesneye zg sfatlar FOR alr gemie iaret gemiteki alkanlk gemiteki alkanlk like Kural 70: Utmost= The Most Utmost+ isim The most+ sfat too
Kural 73: The reason for my failure is the exam itself. 1.fiil The reason why I failed is the exam itself. 1.fiil 2.fiil Kural 75: Gerund (Ving) ile balayan zneler daima tekil fiil alr ve saylmazlar. Teaching students is hard. oul zne olmasna ramen Kural 77: Be going to V1 planlanm eylem Will V1 olas eylemler gelecekte
Kural 74: Press: medya Depress: zmek Oppress: fiziksel ikence Repress: eziyet ektirmek Suppress: bastrmak Compress: sktrmak Kural 76: The number of is (tekil fifl) The number of stories in this book is ten. A number of are (oul fiil) A number of stories were interesting.
Kural 78:
too sfat to sfat enough to gelecekte olmas sfat to V1 gelir. to (in order to/so as to) the first to Go+Ving go fiilinden sonra tense ne the second to olursa olsun Ving gelir. rne go fishing go visiting k go dancing go playing Kural 79: Kural 80: Sahiplik sfatlarndan sonra gelen yap ING (Gerund) Most of the members paid their dues without my asking them. ahs zamirlerinden sonra gelen yap TO V1 (infinitive) I told him to come early. Kural 81: So MUCH noun that MANY Such A LOT OF FEW noun that LITTLE I think I hope Ve Emir cmleleri WLL ister.
akin to=similar to
Kural 82: dependent on independent of indepence from dependence on reliance on am is + likely to=may are
Kural 83: If only = I wish Present bir ey kullanlmaz. (PAST) (Type2) (Type3) I wish
Could V1 Would V1 modallar kullanlr. Could have V3
Preposition dan sonra Ving gelir. Prepten sonra Fiilden sonra f, why, that V3l ksaltma gelmez. gelmez.
Kural 85: Kural 86: Only if= if (devrik) Not: Only if cmle bamda ise, ikinci ksm devrik olur. ikinci ksm
When Once Will V1 Not: If cmleleri her iki taraf V1-V1 dnda As soon as
lk ksm V1
have/has V3
asla ayn tense olmaz. Kural 87: BUT FOR FOR ALL +noun If it hadn been for Almost If it werent for Practically (Type 2/Type3) Kural 89: Recent Recently +noun In spite of Despite
Kural 88: ALL BUT For all *Despite *In spite of *Notwithstanding gelir.
Despite ve in spite ofdan son ra Ving de gelir.
sonra noun
*SVO gelecekse the fact that alrlar.(For all hari) Kural 90:
PREPOSITION
E anlamls: by
Kural 93: THAT smin yanna gelir sfat yanna gelir (adjective clause) clause) noun+that SVO verb+that SVO S yada V eksik olmal olmal Kural 95:
At the moment=now/ at present (zaman zarf)
When hari via=by way of soru We went to Mersin via Konya. ekleri iki via versa = yada tam tersi SVO balama z.
Kural 97: Zaman gelmez. balac tarafna yaplar gelmez. Until=Till When=While=As=Just as Whilst Kural 99: Since
Zaman hari balacnn dndaki cmleye
Kural 98: SMPLE WLL Vingli PAST Zaman balac PRESENT tarafna sadece PERFECT PERFECT SMPLE PRESENT PAST
Kural 100: Sre varsa been Ving (for two hours) have/has V3 Ving have/has Ving will have have/has been had been
Kural 101: gerektirir. When I When I first first The last ile e anlaml.
time The last time
PAST
Yani perfect continuous yaplar tercih edilmeli Kural 102: lgi balalarnda zaman uyumuna dikkat!!!!! Although V2 yesterday, V2. Although will V1 next week, V2 yesterday. Although past, past. present, present. Zaman uyumu ara.
Kural 103: havent/hasnt V3 STI (stillden sonra have LL done olumlu olamaz) I have done., I still havent done.. . V1 yet can do is doing Kural 105: TAQ Question Sentence Connectorn iine gre I had worked hard;however, I failed, didnt I? Adverbial clausenin dna gre After I had worked hard, I managed, didnt I? Kural 107: Verb Adjective Idea Opinion O (what/who) (what/who) Kural 109: smin yanna gelen ksaltma have V3l olmaz Virglden sonra tolu ksaltma gelmez. Verbn yanna V3l ksaltma gelmez. Whin yanna tolu ksaltma gelir (why hari) Cmle yanna Cmle bana Kural 111:
SVOda n oluan V3 basit bir cmled e
Kural 104: I hope that I promise that I hoped that I promised that will V1 would V1
(sb) to V1
Com
parative yapdr
Kural 110: Cmle sonuna gelen yaplar; , TOO olumlu cmlede (de, da) , EITHER olumsuz cmlede (de, da) , YET perfect yapda olumsuz (de, da) , AS WELL olumlu cmlede (de, da) INSTEAD yerine anlamnda SVO, SVO, Though/Afterwardsbala olarak Kural 112:
Currently Constantly For the time being Ving gelir Forever ncreasingly Always
am is are
Kural 113:
Kural 114: Aylar in alr. Gnler on alr. Yllar in alr. Ay+gn on alr. (gnler baskndr) on April 28th in 1968
in the world on the earth at Ramazan on Ramazan day
Zaman balalarndan when/while/just as/as aranr. Because, Although gibi sebep balalarnn iine gelir. Kural 115: BETWEEN iki ey arasnda
ok Kural 117:
Throughout ve/has V3 In SRE During Over
Kural 118: Ha
+ Regarding As to noun Concerning
paragrafn ilk n brief yer almayp To be brief yerde olabilirler. Kural 121:
Kural 122:
A lot of (+)
Kural 123:
Because +SVO Because of +noun
Kural 124:
I dont know _____ if/ whether/who/how/why I know _____ that
(-)
As a result, As a result of, +SVO +noun Thanks to +noun + Vingli ksaltma + noun caluse
(+)
Kural 126:
APART anlamnda. FROM Olumlu cmlede and Olumsuz cmlede except anlamnda. SADECE NOT: as if/as though fiilin yanna gelir.
Kural 128:
ADJ CLAUSE olan When Where Why 1. 2. Preposition ile kullanlmaz. Arkalarndan asla Verb gelmez.
Kural 129:
WHOLE
Kural 130:
WH yaplarda ksaltma to ile yaplr. (why hari) Process + by which Mean + by which
ALL
Unless iine olumsuz yap almaz. cmle varsa Olumsuz yap kar tarafta olur. tarafta da olur. Unless (+), (-). if (-),(-).
thing-where= it
Kural 133: Boluktan sonra sfat yada zarf varsa: How adjective However adverb No matter how How iki ayr cmle balamaz. Kural 135:
SO bir sonucu gsterir cmle banda kullanlmaz. Ancak So.that devrik cmlede cmle bana gelir. So beautiful is she that.
until 1982 since 1982 (1982e kadar) (1982den beri) Kural 136:
Diyalog sorularnda Whatl sorulara genellikle Well ile cevap verilir. Prepositionlardan sonra if/whether /that gelmez.
Kural 137: Everytime=Whenever %100 S. Present Whenever/Everytime+past, I met Ali wheneverV1 to Van. used to I go Ancak , would V1 Whenever I went to Van, I would visit it. Kural 139:
Cmlede bir fiil olur, ikincisi ksaltmadr.
Kural 138: Be likely to= may Modal+V1 (present modal) Be able to= can Be going to= will Modal+have/has V3 Be supposed to=should ( past modal)
Used to=would
Kural 141:
Very X Too FARKI Veryok (very expensive ok pahal ama alnabilir.) Too ar ok (too expensive ok pahal almam imkansz)
Kural 142: ZELLKLE anlamnda zarflar: Mainly Chiefly Specifically Predominantly Virglden Primarily sonra THAT Especially gelmez Principally Mostly Kural 144:
fden sonra will gelmezzzzzz.
Kural 143:
Gerund ile balayan zneler students is hard. daime tekil fiil alr . Teaching
Anlam btnln sorularnda tense deiiklii varsa zaman zarfna bak (now/recent)