Chapter 8: Differentiation

MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM VALUES

The methods we have learnt can be used to find the maximum and minimum values of a quantity which varies under certain conditions Example 1 Two numbers x and y are connected by the relation x + y so that their product xy is a maximum

= 25 . Find the values of x and y

Step 1 List out all the equations involved

Step 2 Express p in terms of one of the variable x or y

Step 3 To find a maximum or minimum point

(x, y)

, find

dp =0 dx

Step 4 To decide if p is a maximum or a minimum we find

d2 p dx2

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Chapter 8: Differentiation

MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM VALUES

Example 2 Two numbers x and y are connected by the relation make T a maximum or minimum

x + y = 6 . Find the values of x and y

2 2 which give a stationary point of the function T = 2x + 3y and determine whether they

Example 3 Two positive numbers x and y vary in such a way that defined by

xy = 18 . Another number z is

z = 2x + y

. Find the values of x and y for which z has a stationary value and

show that this value of z is a minimum.

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Chapter 8: Differentiation

MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM VALUES

Example 4 A rectangular plot of land is to be enclosed by 1000m of fencing. The fencing is only used three sides of the rectangle. The fourth side is an existing wall. What should be the dimensions of the rectangle be, to give a maximum area ? Show that this area is a maximum. Note: Draw a diagram to see things more clearly

Example 5 The fugure shows a skeleton of a wire cuboid. The length of the base is 2x cm and the the breadth is x cm. The height is h cm. If the total length of wire is 720 cm, show that the volume of the cuboid V cm3 is given by

V = 360x2 6x3

Determine the stationary value of V as x varies and show that this is a maximum value

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Chapter 8: Differentiation

MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM VALUES

Example 6 A cylindrical can (with lid) of radius r cm is made from 300 cm2 of their sheet metal. (a) Show that the height, h cm, is given by

h=

150 r2 r

(b)

Find r and h so that the can will contain the maximum possible volume and find this volume

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