2010

european a u t o m o bi l e m a n u fa c t u r e r s a s s o ci at io n

k e y f ig u r e s

published by

ACEA Communications department communications@acea.be

This paper is made in an environmentally-friendly way and according to FSC certification

_september 2010

t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

Foreword
The automotive industry is a key element in the fabric of the European economy and society. Our industry contributes enormously to the health and wealth of the EU and its near 500 million inhabitants - it is vital that the automotive sector retains its competitiveness and innovative edge. The European vehicle manufacturers are technology leaders, driving innovation towards cleaner, safer, sustainable transport. As major corporate citizens, they are fully part of society and, therefore, dialogue and mutual understanding with all our stakeholders is essential. This booklet, the 2010 edition of the ACEA Automobile Industry Pocket Guide, provides comprehensive and insightful facts and figures - with key data on employment, production, vehicle registration, vehicle use, taxation and trade, as well as information on a range of environment and mobility-related issues. It also presents the vehicle manufacturers trade association in Brussels, ACEA. I trust our pocket guide will be of great value to all those involved in automotive industry issues and relevant policies.

Ivan Hodac
Secretary General ACEA

About ACEA

european a u t o m o bi l e m a n u fa c t u r e r s a s s o ci at io n

ACEA

t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

ACEA is the acronym for Association des Constructeurs Europens dAutomobiles or European Automobile Manufacturers Association. The industry association , based in Brussels, is one of many interest groups that contribute to an informed decision-making process in the EU. ACEA has sixteen members : BMW Group, DAF Trucks, Daimler, FIAT Group, Ford of Europe, General Motors Europe, Jaguar Land Rover, MAN Nutzfahrzeuge, Porsche, PSA Peugeot Citron, Renault Group, Scania, Toyota Motor Europe, Volkswagen Group, Volvo Car Corporation and Volvo Group. ACEA was established in 1991. The Board of Directors (BOD) is composed of the Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of its 16 members, whereas the Commercial Vehicle Board of Directors (CV-BOD) is composed of the heads of the 7 commercial vehicle company members/branches: DAF Trucks, Daimler Trucks, IVECO, MAN Nutzfahrzeuge, Scania, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles and Volvo Trucks. ACEA, furthermore, maintains close relationships with the 29 national automobile manufacturers associations in Europe. ACEA is the first source of information with regard to vehicle-related regulation . The regulatory framework consists of around 80 EU Directives and more than 70 applicable UNECE regulatory agreements covering mostly technological issues and standards. ACEA is the main portal to clear and factual information about the European automobile industry , encouraging understanding of the sectors importance, complexity and contributions to society.
5

ACEA

ACEA in brief

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Corporate citizenship

The members of ACEA deploy numerous corporate social responsibility initiatives to the benefit of their employees and society-at-large. The industrys products , furthermore, meet the highest environmental and safety standards. This is the result of a long-standing tradition of innovation and investments in research and development. It takes 100 of todays cars to match the average pollutant emissions of 1 car built in the 1970s; Noise levels of vehicles have been reduced by 90% over the same period; Reducing fuel consumption has long been a matter of top-priority; On the safety front, the introduction of seatbelts, anti-lock braking systems, electronic stability control and airbags has cut fatalities and serious injuries to vehicle passengers by 80%. The development of further safety systems is an on-going process. Acting as a responsible corporate citizen is not only desirable in itself; it also helps to build a relationship based on trust and loyalty between companies and their customers.
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t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

ACEA represents an industry that is instrumental to EU growth and that plays an important part in everybodys life, through employment and social benefits, education and innovation, and through product and mobility concepts. More than 12 million families depend on the sector for employment; ACEA members operate 208 manufacturing sites in 25 European countries; The industrys high-quality products set the standard around the world and continuously push further innovation; ACEA members yearly invest over 26 billion in R&D, or 5% of turnover; Net auto exports are worth almost 30 billion; ACEA members have an annual turnover of over 500 billion. The sectors technologies and innovations shoulder development and progress in many other sectors, from IT to logistics, health care and others. Vehicle manufacturers find it indispensable to maintain a dialogue with society, in particular on those issues that influence the sectors future growth, competitiveness, innovation capacity and investment decisions.
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ACEA

What interests does ACEA represent ?

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How does ACEA work ?

ACEA is led by the Secretary General and employs around fifteen experts covering policy issues and technical requirements in the fields of environment, fuels, emissions, road safety, recycling, trade, taxation, transport, type-approval and internal market. Through specialist working groups and an extensive network within the vehicle industry, ACEA has access to a wealth of expertise and applied technical experience. ACEA activities include, but are not limited to: Dialogue with the European Institutions and others stakeholders concerned by the automobile industry; Cooperation with policy makers and related industries to advance mutual understanding of industryrelated issues and contribute to realistic and effective legislation, bearing in mind the interests of European society and its economy; Research and study of relevant developments and trends in automotive-related issues and policy fields; Strategic reflection on the increasingly global challenges of competition and corporate responsibility, drawing on the strengths and expertise of its members; Communication of the role and importance of the industry, of its common views and of reliable data and information; Monitoring of activities that influence the automobile industry, responding to and cooperating with the actors involved.
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t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

The European automotive industry has seven priority topics it discusses with the EU Institutions and other stakeholders : Strengthening the competitiveness of the EU economy and the European automobile manufacturing in particular, through a comprehensive industrial policy that recognises and promotes manufacturing as a corner stone of future growth and prosperity; Adoption of integrated policies in the fields of road safety and environment, involving all relevant actors and factors; Better market access for European automotive products through balanced multilateral as well as bilateral/regional free trade agreements; Continuous development of efficient road infrastructure and other basic infrastructure networks (energy, transport, telecommunications); A real completion of the Internal Market, which cannot be achieved without fiscal harmonisation of motor vehicle and fuel taxes. Car taxation schemes should be based on CO2 emissions to increase demand for fuel-efficiency; Reducing over-regulation and conflicting objectives of legislation, promoting adequate and independent impact assessment studies, reasonable lead-time periods for implementation and global harmonisation of technical regulations and standards for motor vehicles; Better promotion of R&D efforts and innovation policy instruments.
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ACEA

The industrys seven priority fields

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ACEA cooperation & partnerships

ACEA has permanent and close cooperation with the European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR) which was established in 1994 as the research arm of the industry. EUCARs purpose is to strengthen the competitiveness of the European automotive industry by promoting cooperative research of products, processes and systems in the pre-competitive stage. ACEA maintains regular relations with a number of organisations with interests related to the automobile industry. These include the European Association of Automotive Suppliers (CLEPA), Intelligent Transport Systems - Europe (ERTICO), the European Committee for Motor Trades and Repairs (CECRA), the European Road Safety Federation (ERSF), the Fdration Internationale de lAutomobile (FIA), the European Petroleum Association (EUROPIA), the Confederation of European Business (BUSINESSEUROPE) and others. ACEA also maintains a dialogue on international issues with automobile associations around the world, such as JAMA, KAMA, Auto Alliance, AAPC, OICA, CAAM, SIAM and many others.
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ACEA Secretariat
Secretary General Director Safety

Ivan Hodac
Director Emissions & Fuels

Renzo Cicilloni
Manager Statistics & Economics

Director Communications & Public Relations

Sigrid de Vries Paul Greening

Director Environmental Policy

Quynh-Nhu Huynh
Director Technical Affairs

Manager Communications & Public Affairs

Michael Klinkenberg
Director Information Technology

Peter Kunze
Director Legal & Taxation

Dolf Lamerigts
Director Trade & Economics

Marc Vanderstraeten
Director Finance & Administration

Marc Greven
Director Mobility & Sustainable Transport

Erik Bergelin
Director Transport Policy

Tanguy De Decker

Fuensanta Martinez-Sans
Acea Tokyo Office

Petr Dolejsi
Director Parliamentary Affairs

Cline Domecq
Director Regulatory Projects

Anthony Millington +81 3 350 563 41 anrm@miinet.or.jp

Acea Beijing Office

Stefan Larsson
Director Regulatory Affairs

Wolfgang Reinhardt

Dominik Declercq +86 10 6463 4055 dd@acea-beijing.com

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ACEA

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ACEA Members

BMW GROUP Petuelring 130 D 80788 Mnchen T. +49 89 3820

www.bmwgroup.com

DAF TRUCKS NV Hugo van der Goeslaan 1 PoBox 90065 NL 5600 PT Eindhoven T. + 31 40 214 9111
www.daftrucks.com

FIAT SpA Corso G. Agnelli 200 I 10135 Torino T. +39 011 003 11 11
www.fiatgroup.com

Dr. Ing. h.c.F. PORSCHE AG Porschestrasse 42 D 70435 Stttgart T. +49 711 911 0
www.porsche.com
12

DAIMLER AG D 70546 Stuttgart T. +49 711 170

www.daimler.com

FORD OF EUROPE GmbH Henry Fordstrasse 1 D 50725 Kln T. +49 221 900
www.ford.com

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GENERAL MOTORS EUROPE AG Bahnhofsplatz Friedrich-Lutzmann-Ring 1 D 65423 Rsselsheim T. +49 6142 77 0

www.gmeurope.com

TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE Avenue du Bourget 60 B 1140 Brussels T. +32 2 745 20 11

www.toyota.eu

PSA PEUGEOT CITRON Avenue de la Grande Arme 75 F 75116 Paris Cedex T. +33 1 40 66 55 11
www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com

JAGUAR LAND ROVER Banbury Road Gaydon UK Warwick CV35 ORR T. +44 19 2664 1111
www.jaguarlandrover.com

VOLKSWAGEN AG Berliner Ring 2 D 38436 Wolfsburg T. +49 536 190

www.volkswagenag.com

RENAULT SA Quai Alphonse Le Gallo 13-15 F 92109 Boulogne-Billancourt T. +33 1 41 04 50 50

www.renault.com

VOLVO CAR CORPORATION S 405 31 Gteborg T. +46 31 59 00 00

www.volvocars.com

MAN NUTZFAHRZEUGE AG Postfach 50 06 20 D 80995 Mnchen T. +49 891 580 01

www.man-mn.com

SCANIA AB S 15187 Sodertalje T. +46 8 55 38 10 00

www.scania.com

AB VOLVO S 405 08 Gteborg T. +46 31 66 51 70

www.volvo.com
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ACEA

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Brussels ACEA Member Representations

BMW Group Representative Office Brussels Boulevard de Waterloo 25 B 1000 Brussels T. +32 2 737 50 30

Fiat Group Delegation to the EU Rue de Genve 175 B 1140 Brussels T. +32 2 513 63 92

GM Europe Public Policy & Government Relations Rue dIdalie 9-13 B 1050 Brussels T. +32 2 773 69 82

Daimler EU Corporate Representation Rue Froissart 133 B 1040 Brussels T. +32 2 233 11 45
14

Ford Motor Company EU Affairs Rue Montoyer 40 bte 7 B 1000 Brussels T. +32 2 761 06 11

Jaguar Land Rover Brussels Office Rue Breydel 34 B 1040 Brussels T. +32 2 235 86 32

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MAN Brussels Office Rue Jacques de Lalaing 4 B 1040 Brussels T. +32 2 230 41 95

Scania EU Representation c/o Kreab Gavin Anderson Avenue de Tervueren 2 B 1040 Brussels T. +32 2 737 69 02

Volvo Car Corporation Brussels Office EU Affairs Sweden House Rue du Luxembourg 3 B 1000 Brussels T. +32 2 503 69 67

PSA Peugeot Citron EU Delegation Avenue des Arts 53 B 1000 Brussels T. +32 2 545 11 79

Toyota Motor Europe Avenue du Bourget 60 B 1140 Brussels T. +32 2 745 20 61

Volvo Group EU Representation Sweden House Rue du Luxembourg 3 B 1000 Brussels T. +32 2 482 58 70

Renault Delegation to the EU Avenue des Arts 40 B 1040 Brussels T. +32 2 274 10 00

Volkswagen Group EU Representation Rue Archimde 25 B 1000 Brussels T. +32 2 645 49 53

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ACEA

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ACEA Associated Organisations

_austria

FFOE
Fachverband der Fahrzeugindustrie sterreichs
_bulgaria

Wiedner Hauptstrasse 63 A 1045 Wien T. +43 5 90 900 48 00 F. +43 5 90 900 289

www.wk.or.at/fahrzeuge

ACM
Association of Car Manufacturers and their authorised representatives for Bulgaria

_czech

republic

AIA CR (SAP)
Automotive Industry Association CR

Veliko Tarnovo Street 37 BG 1504 Sofia T. +359 2 946 12 50 F. +359 2 94 33 944

www.svab.bg

Opletalova 55 CZ 110 00 Praha 1 T. +420 221 602 982 F. +420 224 239 690
www.autosap.cz

_belgium

FEBIAC
Fdration Belge des Industries de lAutomobile et du Cycle Belgische Federatie van de Automobiel-en tweewielerindustrie
_cyprus _denmark

OEB
Employers & Industrialists Federation

DK BIL
De Danske Bilimportrer

Boulevard de la Woluwe 46 B6 B 1200 Bruxelles T. +32 2 778 64 00 F. +32 2 762 81 71

www.febiac.be
16

Grivast Dhigenis Avenue 30 PoBox 21657 CY-Nicosia T. +357 22 66 51 02 F. +357 22 66 94 59

Radhuspladsen 16 DK 1550 Kobenhavn V T. +45 39 16 23 23 F. +45 39 16 24 24

www.bilimp.dk

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_greece _france _estonia

AMVIR (SEAA)
Association of Motor Vehicle Importers-Representatives

CCFA
Comit des Constructeurs Franais dAutomobiles

AMTEL
Union of Estonian Car Sales and Service Enterprises

Prnu Road 232 EST 11314 Tallinn T. +372 672 23 06 F. +372 650 21 97
www.amtel.ee

Rue de Presbourg 2 F 75008 Paris T. +33 1 49 52 51 00 F. +33 1 49 52 51 88

www.ccfa.fr

Kifisias Avenue 294 GR 152 32 Halandri - Athens T. +30 210 689 1400 F. +30 210 685 9 022
www.seaa.gr

_hungary _germany _finland

AHAI (MGSZ)
Association of the Hungarian Automotive Industry

VDA
Verband Der Automobilindustrie

AUTOTUOJAT ry Ateneuminkuja 2 C 10 Krs FIN 00100 Helsinki T. +358 207 928 855 F. +358 207 928 859
www.autotuojat.fi

Behrebstrasse 35 D 10177 Berlin T. +49 30 897 842-0 F. +49 30 897 842-600

www.vda.de

Major u. 69 H 1119 Budapest T. +36 1 382 9805 F. +36 1 382 9810

www.gepjarmuipar.hu
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ACEA

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_ireland

_ l at v i a

SIMI
The Society of the Irish Motor Industry

LAADA
Latvian Authorized Automobile Dealers Association

_ m a lta

ACIM
Association of Car Importers Malta

Upper Pembroke Street 5 IRL Dublin 2 T. +353 1 676 16 90 F. +353 1 661 92 13

www.simi.ie

Smerla Street 3 Suite 273 LV 1006 Riga T. +371 6 752 99 79 F. +371 6 754 03 15
www.lpaa.lv

PoBox 50 Valletta Building Level 2 MT San Gwann T. +356 21 38 57 74 F. +356 21 22 33 06

_ i ta ly

_ n o r w ay _lithuania

ANFIA
Associazione Nazionale Filiera Industrie Automobilistiche

BIL
Bilimportrenes Landsforening

LAA
Lithuanian Autoenterpreneurs Association

Corso Galileo Ferraris 61 I 10128 Torino T. +39 011 554 65 11 F. +39 011 545 986
www.anfia.it
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P. Zadeikos g. 1b LT 06319 Vilnius T. +370 5 230 12 24 F. +370 5 230 12 25

www.laa.lt

kernveien 99 PoBox 71 kern N 0508 Oslo T. +47 22 64 64 55 F. +47 22 64 85 95

www.bilimportorenes-landsforening.no

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_romania

ACAROM
_poland

Asociatiei Constructorilor de Automobile din Romania

_slovak

republic

PZPM
Polski Zwiazek Przemysu Motoryzacyjnego

Al. Niepodleglosci 69 PL 02-626 Warsaw T. +48 22 322 71 98/99 F. +48 22 322 76 65

www.pzpm.org.pl

Str. Banu Mrcine - Bl. D5 RO 110194 Pitesti T. +40 248 219 958 F. +40 248 217 990
www.acarom.ro

ZAPSR
Automotive Industry Association SR

Tomasikova 26 SK 821 01 Bratislava T. +421 2 4364 2235 F. +421 2 4364 2237

www.zapsr.sk

_slovenia

ADS
_portugal

ACAP
Associao do Comrcio Automvel de Portugal

Association of Automobile Manufacturers and Authorised Importers

_spain

ANFAC
Asociacin Espaola de Fabricantes de Automviles y Camiones

Avenida Torre de Belm 29 P 1400-342 Lisboa T. +351 21 303 53 00 F. +351 21 302 14 74

www.acap.pt

c/o Chamber of Commerce & Industry of Slovenia Dimiceva 13 SI 1000 Ljubljana T. +386 1 58 98 217 F. +386 1 58 98 219
www.ads-slo.org

Calle Fray Bernardino Sahagn 24 E 28036 Madrid T. +34 91 343 13 43 F. +34 91 345 03 97
www.anfac.com
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ACEA

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_sweden

BIL PoBox 26173 S 100 41 Stockholm T. +46 8 700 41 00 F. +46 8 791 23 11

www.bilsweden.se

_the

netherlands

_united

kingdom

RAI
De Rijwiel en Automobiel Industrie Vereniging

SMMT
The Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders

_switzerland

Wielingenstraat 28 PoBox 74800 NL 1070 DM Amsterdam T. +31 20 504 49 49 F. +31 20 646 38 57

www.raivereniging.nl

Auto Suisse | Auto Schweiz

Association Importateurs Suisses dAutomobiles Vereinigung Schweizer Automobil-Importeure

Forbes House Halkin Street UK London SW1X 7DS T. +44 207 235 70 00 F. +44 207 235 71 12
www.smmt.co.uk

_turkey

Mittelstrasse 32 Postfach 5232 CH 3001 Bern T. +41 31 306 65 65 F. +41 31 306 65 50

www.auto-suisse.ch www.auto-schweiz.ch
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OSD
Automotive Manufacturers Association

Atilla Sokak 10 Altunizade TR 34676 Istanbul T. +90 216 318 29 94 F. +90 216 321 94 97
www.osd.org.tr

t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

EUCAR secretariat is composed of:

Simon Godwin sg@eucar.be Director Alessandro Coda ac@eucar.be Research Coordinator
EUCAR members are:

The European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR) is the research organisation for the major automotive manufacturers in Europe, with the mission to strengthen the competitiveness of the manufacturers through strategic collaborative R&D. Together with its members, EUCAR identifies the common R&D challenges of the industry. These are communicated to the European Commission and other key institutions and stakeholders. EUCARs members participate in collaborative research projects with manufacturers, suppliers and research providers. Projects are mainly financed through European Union funding programmes matched with industry funding. EUCAR key research is in the following domains: Fuels and Powertrain Materials, Processes and Manufacturing Integrated Safety Mobility and Transport
21

BMW, DAF, Daimler, Fiat, Ford Europe, GM/Opel, Jaguar Land Rover, Porsche, PSA Peugeot Citron, Renault, Scania, Volkswagen Group and Volvo

ACEA

Did you know ?

Did you Know ?
european a u t o m o bi l e m a n u fa c t u r e r s a s s o ci at io n

t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

D i D yo u k n o w ?

The automobile industry is the largest private investor in R&D in the EU

Did you Know ?
25

The automotive industry is the largest private investor in R&D in the EU. The ACEA members together spend over 26 billion every year on R&D, or about 5% of their turnover. These figures, resulting from a recent ACEA survey among its member companies, reflect the great importance that the automobile manufacturers attach to R&D efforts to keep up their competitiveness and long-term viability. Main areas of automotive R&D investment are environment, road safety and production efficiency. Overall automotive R&D investments are even higher. According to the EU Industrial Investment Scoreboard, the sectors automobiles and parts and commercial vehicles and trucks represented R&D investment of 32.8 billion in 2008. The actual number will be greater, as these categories do not include all automotive supplying sectors. The Scoreboard ranks the pharmaceutical sector second with 19.8 billion and the telecommunications equipment sector third with 12 billion.

D i D yo u k n o w ?

D i D yo u k n o w ?

Auto industry tops R&D scoreboard in Europe

The EU 2009 Industrial Investment Scoreboard confirmed once more the outstanding role of the automotive industry for the European economy in terms of innovative capacity and investment power. Six of the ACEA members are in the European Top 20 of investors, with two present in the Top 10, and one earmarked as largest single investor. The automotive industry has held its top position for years now.

Patent Applications filed by the Auto Sector | 2008

6,300 patents
The many patents filed by the industry underline the sectors innovative stance as well. In 2008, almost 6,300 patents were filed by the European automotive industry. They made up 55% of all automotive applications at the European Patent Office (EPO). 23% of automotive applications came from Japan, 16% from the US, 1% from China/Taiwan and 1% from South Korea.
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EU Japan US Korea China Taiwan Other

54.1% 22.4% 15.6% 0.6% 0.3% 0.6% 6.4%

SOURCE: EPO (EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE)

t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

D i D yo u k n o w ?

The vehicle industry is one of the most densely regulated sectors in Europe
Did you Know ?
27

The automotive industry is one of the most regulated sectors in Europe. Up till now, around 80 EU directives have been drawn up and more than 70 applicable pieces of legislation have been internationalised further within the UNECE in Geneva. Cars and commercial vehicles are very complex products and before they enter the market, they have to comply with what is known as the Framework Directive for Whole Vehicle Type Approval. This framework directive contains procedures and a long list of separate directives laying down technical requirements for motor vehicles as well as for components and separate technical units from which vehicles are assembled. In addition, there are directives that establish requirements for the use of motor vehicles, as well as regulations, which apply throughout the European Union on the basis of Community law. Vehicle-related regulation is mostly very technical in nature and cannot be drafted without the specialist knowledge of vehicle manufacturers. ACEA collects the necessary information through working groups of member company experts and shares the information with the EU institutions and other stakeholders to support effective and efficient policy making. For commercial vehicles, in particular, ACEA seeks further global harmonisation standards and regulation.

D i D yo u k n o w ?

Before entering the market, passenger cars have to comply with more than 45 EU Directives and Regulations

Environment
28

Lighting & signaling

Active safety

Passive safety

Other

t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

D i D yo u k n o w ?

It takes at least 5 years to develop a new car

Did you Know ?
29

Cars are highly complex and innovative products. Their development - from design to production logistics takes up to 5 years. Engine design can take even longer. Their product cycle, or the time that cars are kept in production, comprises up to 7 years. Vehicle and engine adjustments are hugely complicated and capital-intensive operations. Manufacturers and their suppliers plan and allocate production capacity well ahead to accommodate production and renewal of their car portfolio. To be able to adjust automobiles to new legal requirements, the car industry needs sufficient lead-time ahead of implementation of these new rules. During the development phase, changes to a prototype are limited to implementation of ready-available new technologies within the technical and economic constraints of the cars concept. The possibilities for change become more limited in the execution phase. During the typical production life of a car, investments in capital and innovations need to be recovered. Modifications are only opportune in case of relatively minor requirements, such as software changes.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING INPUT CONCEPT EXECUTION

CONCEPT PHASE b

b
5 10

PRODUCT CYCLE b

1 Production Timeline (years)

D i D yo u k n o w ?

D i D yo u k n o w ?

The car is the preferred means of transport for Europeans

There are more than 234 million vehicles on the European roads (EUROSTAT, 2008), or about 1 per 2 inhabitants. Nearly 6% of them are new vehicles (up to 1 year), and about 34% are at least 10 years old (ANFAC, 2008). The average annual distance travelled by a car in Europe is about 22,000 km.

New Cars sold in Europe* | 2009

Small Lower Medium Upper Medium MPVs SUVs

SOURCE: IHS GLOBAL INSIGHT

40.5% 23.5% 11.9% 9.7% 8.2% 3.3% 2.9%

Luxury Others

* EU27, Norway and Switzerland, excluding Luxembourg

30

t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

D i D yo u k n o w ?

Reducing CO2 emissions involves more than engine technology

The European automotive industry is contributing significantly to reducing CO2 emissions from vehicles. A large number of advanced technologies have been introduced into the markets and many more are to come. The European car manufacturers and the automotive suppliers work closely together to achieve further important results. Reducing CO2 emissions from automobiles is a complex challenge and involves improvements of the whole vehicle, not just the engine. The European automotive industry has identified multiple categories for eco-innovative technologies that will ensure further progress: systems & components, running resistance, wellto-wheel efficiency, smart navigation and driver information. All categories contain numerous technology applications, from adaptive cruise-control and super efficient LED lights to robotised gearboxes and the storage and re-use of heat. These innovations confirm the automotive industrys determination to achieve further reductions in new car CO2 emissions, no matter which engine they use. In addition, driving style, the choice of fuel or energy and the quality of the infrastructure are as decisive to achieve the best possible fuel-economy and lowest CO2 emissions of road transport.
31

Did you Know ?

D i D yo u k n o w ?

D i D yo u k n o w ?

Drivers can make a big difference

Fuel-efficient driving, or Eco-driving, can significantly reduce fuel consumption and lower CO2 emissions. Slight changes in driving style enable drivers to exploit fully the fuel-efficiency potential of modern technologies. Eco-driving is easy to apply.

The Golden Rules for eco-driving are :

Shift into a higher gear early Maintain a steady speed at highest possible gear Look ahead and anticipate traffic flow Switch off the engine at short stops Check and adjust the tyre pressure regularly Make use of in-car fuel saving devices such as on-board computers and dynamic navigators Avoid surplus weight and unused roof racks Highly cost-effective : Eco-driving training leads to a reduction in fuel consumption of up to 25 % after training, with a significant long-term effects of 7% under everyday driving conditions.
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D i D yo u k n o w ?

Modern trucks are a benchmark for fuel efficiency

In freight transport, there is and has long been a clear business case to minimize fuel consumption. For most transport companies, fuel is the main operating cost and the intense competition on the commercial vehicle market has driven technological process in commercial vehicle manufacturing to great heights. A 40-tonne truck built today burns around a third less fuel than one made in the 1970s. Per tonne transported, this corresponds to a fuel consumption of just 1 litre of diesel per 100 tonnekm, with significant CO2 savings as a result. Todays buses are also leading the way with average fuel consumption per Total Operating Costs (TOC) bus-passenger that can challenge the performance 40-tonne Tractor Semitrailer Combination of a trip per train.
Depreciation Road Tax Vehicle Insurance Interest Overhead Tyres 10% 2% 6% 2% 18% 1%

Fuel
SOURCE: IVECO

30%
5% 26%

Repair & Maintenance Wages

Further improvements in fuel efficiency remain a prime priority for European manufacturers. Modern diesel engines are clean, fuel efficient and durable. Vehicles on alternative fuels or with innovative drive trains are now also a familiar sight on Europes roads. A combination of better infrastructure, increased driver training, wider use of telematics, improved transport efficiency and harmonisation of standards will help achieve further sustainable mobility.
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Did you Know ?

Cars, Trucks and the Environment

Cars, Trucks and the Environment
european a u t o m o bi l e m a n u fa c t u r e r s a s s o ci at io n

t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

Cars, Trucks and the Environment

Cars, Trucks and the Environment
What our industry delivers What else is key
37

Cars, TruCks and The environmenT

The industry drives innovation towards greener transport

What else is key ?

The automobile manufacturers invest heavily to help moving towards cleaner, greener transport. Lower emission cars, vans, buses and trucks come onto the market every year. But technology alone does not have all the answers. Cooperation does. We need to share efforts to achieve our sustainable mobility goals We need to join forces to answer the many complex questions What about the emissions from congestion and inefficient infrastructure? How to move drivers and customers towards the cleanest vehicles? How to manage transport growth in the slipstream of economic growth? All over the world, the automobile brings improved quality of life; Together, we can sustain the benefits of mobility and reduce the environmental impact; The European vehicle manufacturers are playing their part. What our industry delivers
38

What else is key

t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

Less CO2 emissions

European automakers have introduced dozens of CO2-efficient technologies into their vehicles over the past decades, and progress will continue.
Improvements and new developments in conventional engine technologies remain important as they will continue to be the dominant propulsion source for years to come. Plug-in hybrid electric and battery electric vehicles will become available in more varieties, and their range will be extended. Cars running on alternative, low emission fuels like ethanol or gas are already available on the market; second-generation biofuels are on the way. Eco-innovative technologies like smart navigation, adaptive cruise control, highly energy-efficient LED lights, and storage and re-use of heat will further improve fuel efficiency and lower CO2 emissions. What our industry delivers
39

Cars, Trucks and the Environment

cars, Trucks anD The environmenT

Reducing CO2 : a key priority

Overview of Global CO2 Emissions

Transport (Road, Rail, Air & Water) 17%

CO2 emissions are reduced by limiting the burning of fossil fuels. Vehicle technology is one of several important ways to contribute to this goal. All automobile manufacturers have made CO2 reductions a top priority and are sustaining huge investments in this field.

Deforestation 22%
SOURCE: IPCC FOURTH ASSESSMENT REPORT, WG III, 2007.

A large number of technologies has already been introduced, and more are still to come. Technologies need time to find their market. EU governments can help by providing harmonized fiscal support. It is essential to work together: vehicle manufacturers, oil industry, policy makers, and road users must all join forces to achieve the desired results. What our industry delivers

Industry 25%

Power/heating stations 27% Household small consumers 9%

40

t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

Trucks

Cleaner exhaust
Cars
1 car in the 1970s produced as many pollutant elements as 100 cars today. Particulate matter filters can reduce particulate emissions from diesel vehicles by over 99%.
Passenger Cars
80%

Trucks
80%

Petrol NOx
60% 40%
Emissions (% Euro 0)

60% 40%

Diesel NOx Diesel PM

20%

20%

Euro 0

Euro 1

Euro 2

Euro 3

Euro 4

Euro 5

Euro 6

Euro 0

Euro I

Euro II

Euro III

Euro IV

Euro V

Euro VI

What our industry delivers

41

Cars, Trucks and the Environment

Compared to 1992 standards, Euro VI emission levels will reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions by 95% and 97% respectively. Particulate matter emissions from all trucks on the road are 40% lower than a decade ago even though they drive 40% more kilometres today. AdBlue technology reduces nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions even further, while cleaner diesel reduces sulphur emissions.

cars, Trucks anD The environmenT

Less noise

Optimal recycling
Vehicles are recycled since the 1950s. Today 95% of a car can be recycled or recovered for use in other products or energy production. Any vehicle produced from 1 July 2002 onwards is taken back free of charge. The 8 million vehicles recycled annually in the EU account for only about 1% of waste in the EU. The target for 2015 is to reduce waste from an end-of-life vehicle to just 5%.

Noise from passenger cars has been reduced by 90% since 1970. Today 24 trucks are needed to make as much noise as 1 did in 1970. Since the mid-1990s, the dominant source of vehicle noise are tyres and outdated road paving. What our industry delivers
42

t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

Resource-efficient production
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
43

Long-term strategies to reduce water consumption have made it possible to reduce the water use per car produced by almost 23%. This includes the increasing use of re-circulation technologies, which allows the reuse of water.
Water Used
95.00 90.00 85.00 80.00 75.00 70.00 65.00 60.00
Million m3

7.50 7.00 6.50 6.00

-22.9

5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00

2005

2006

2007

m3

Water total (million m3/year) |

SOURCE: ACEA

Water per unit produced (m3)

What our industry delivers

cars, Trucks anD The environmenT

European auto manufacturers have significantly reduced the environmental impact of vehicle production in recent years.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are organic solvents mainly emitted from paintshops. The graph shows the VOC emissions per car produced and the emissions of all passenger car manufacturers taken together. With new technologies such as water-based paints that replace solvent-based paints, manufacturers have been able to reduce emissions by 14.3% per vehicle.
VOC Emissions per Vehicle Produced
4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0
kg/unit SOURCE: ACEA

Absolute VOC Emissions

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

2005

2007

thousand tons SOURCE: ACEA

2005

2007

What our industry delivers

44

t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

Energy Consumption
44.00 42.00 40.00 38.00 36.00 34.00 32.00 30.00
Million MWH

2.80 2.70 2.60

-6.5

2.50

2.40 2.30 2.20

2005

2006

2007

MWH

Energy Total (Million MWH/year) |

SOURCE: ACEA

Energy per unit produced (MWH)

The figures include direct and indirect energy consumption, i.e. from on-site and external energy suppliers.

note

CO2 Emissions
13.00 12.00 11.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00
Million tons

0.88 0.87 0.86 0.85

-5.0%

0.84 0.83 0.82 0.81 0.80

2005

2006

2007

CO2 emissions per vehicle produced decreased by 5%, mostly through efficiency increases, and somewhat helped by a warm winter in 2007. Differences in the trends on energy consumption (previous graph) and CO2 emissions have to do with changes in the energy mix available at the different production sites.
note As for energy, the figures include direct and indirect emissions, i.e. from on-site and external energy suppliers.

tons

CO2 Emissions Total Million (t/year) |

SOURCE: ACEA

CO2 Emissions per unit produced (t)

What our industry delivers

45

Cars, Trucks and the Environment

As cars are equipped with more and more features to make them safer and more environmentally-friendly, the complexity of production increases as well, with negative effects on energy demand. However, manufacturers constantly work on improving energy efficiency. As a result, energy consumption per vehicle produced has decreased by 6.5%.

cars, Trucks anD The environmenT

The amount of waste per vehicle went down 4.8%, thanks to efforts by the manufacturers to reduce waste.
Waste (excluding scrap metal)
2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.5
Million tons

Scrap metal, which is recycled and then used as a secondary raw material, is not included.
0.17 0.16 0.15

note

-0.8%

-4.8%

0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.10

2005

2006
Waste per unit produced (t)

2007

tons

Waste total (t/year) |

SOURCE: ACEA

What our industry delivers

46

t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

Alternative fuels and energies

A wide variety of alternative fuels exists in the EU. They should be used to reduce emissions and decrease our dependency on fossil fuels.
Biofuels can significantly contribute to overall CO2 emission reductions. The vehicle technology is known and cost-efficient. FlexFuel vehicles can run on 85% ethanol and 15% conventional petrol. The auto industry has made a commitment that as of 2010 all new models will be compatible with E10/B7. Gas in the form of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) can contribute to reducing emissions today. Plug-in hybrid vehicles will become available in more varieties and European manufacturers are advancing extended-range and battery electric car technology as well. Future hydrogen-powered cars will emit mainly water vapour. What our industry delivers
47

Cars, Trucks and the Environment

cars, Trucks anD The environmenT

Building an infrastructure
To be successful, alternative fuel and energy technologies need to be affordable, easy to use and widely available.
For biofuels, the future lies with so-called second generation biofuels, and their introduction should be encouraged: they are likely to be better compatible with existing vehicles; they are produced from different raw materials such as agricultural waste material or wood. The vehicle technology is known but the availability of these fuels and their infrastructure is still lacking. To fully benefit from the advantages of plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles, electricity will have to become increasingly drawn from renewable sources. The electricity infrastructure will have to be adapted and extended. A positive policy framework, including fiscal incentives, is needed to stimulate the uptake of the electric vehicles. Filling stations for gas and hydrogen should be more widely spread. What else is key
48

t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

Consumer awareness and market incentives

Cars, Trucks and the Environment
49

The choices that consumers make will be essential to meet fuel efficiency standards and CO2 emissions objectives. When purchasing a car, consumers weigh many criteria: from safety and design to reliability and fuel consumption. Building awareness about sustainable mobility will be key; as is the broad encouragement to accept and use new technologies. CO2-related vehicle taxation can help create consumer demand for fuel-efficient technologies and alternative fuels. What else is key

cars, Trucks anD The environmenT

Intelligent transport management

Substituting 50% of current traffic lights with dynamic systems for a better traffic flow can save 2.4 million tonnes of CO2 per year. Better cooperation of transport modes and removing barriers to cross-border haulage can reduce CO2 emissions significantly. What else is key
50

t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

The policy framework

Vehicle technology alone will not be enough to make mobility sustainable a partnership of industries, governments and customers is required.
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
51

Over 50 CO2-cutting technologies have been introduced, and the flow of innovative eco-technologies will continue.

Driver Behaviour

Vehicle Technology
Alternative Fuels Infrastructure & Logistics

CO2-related taxation creates consumer demand for fuel-efficient vehicles and alternative fuels.

Eco-driving can improve fuel economy by up to 20%.

CO2-related Taxation
Alternative fuels and renewable energies can significantly contribute to overall CO2 emission reductions. Better cooperation of transport modes and removing barriers to cross-border haulage can reduce CO2 emissions significantly.

What else is key

Key figures

european a u t o m o bi l e m a n u fa c t u r e r s a s s o ci at io n

Key figures

t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

The European automobile industry...

Jobs
The automotive industry is a formidable employer in Europe. At least with

Growth
Europe is the worlds largest vehicle producer with an output of over

Innovation
Automobiles are highly complex and innovative products. The ACEA members invest annually over or

12 million families

15 million passenger cars, 25% of worldwide

vehicle production.

depend on automotive employment

2.3 million direct jobs and another 10.4 million

and other sectors.

vans, trucks and buses per year, or

26 billion in R&D, 5% of their turnover.

Total automotive R&D investments, including those from suppliers, are even higher. The auto industry is the largest private investor in R&D in Europe.

in directly related manufacturing

55

Key figures

k e y f ig u r e s

... the engine of Europe

Made in Europe
The operate in

Sustainable Global Scope Mobility

The automotive industry is a leading EU export sector with a net trade contribution of almost Cars, trucks and buses are the source of everyday mobility and transportation, fuelling economic activity, social life and cultural exchange. European manufacturers are leading in environmental and safety technologies and are a driving force behind the sustainable mobility concepts of the future.

16 major car, truck 183 vehicle assembly

and bus manufacturers in Europe and engine production plants

19 Member States, often

30 billion.

Leading in high-quality products, the industry sells and produces vehicles in all major world markets.

sustaining the economic fabric of complete regions and cities.

56

t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e

Key figures
PRODUCTION

NEW REGISTRATIONS

EMPLOYMENT

TURNOVER R&D INVESTMENT VALUE ADDED EXPORTS IMPORTS TRADE BALANCE MV IN USE (PARC)

Total Motor Vehicles (Worldwide) Total Motor Vehicles (EU27) Total Passenger Cars (Worldwide) Total Passenger Cars (EU27) Production value Total MV (Worldwide) Total MV (EU27) Total Passenger Cars (Worldwide) Total Passenger Cars (EU27) Diesel (Western Europe) Automotive manufacturing (EU27) Total automotive employment (manufacturing & services) ACEA members ACEA members EU27 Extra-EU27 Extra-EU27 Total Motor Vehicles Passenger Cars Motorization rate (cars)

2009 2009 2009 2009 2007 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2007 2007 2008 2008 2007 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009

61.7 Mn units 15.2 Mn units 47.5 Mn units 13.9 Mn units 756 Bn EUR 60.5 Mn units 15.8 Mn units 50.1 Mn units 14.1 Mn units 46% Share 3.5 Mn people 12.6 Mn people 536 Bn EUR 26 Bn EUR 155.4 Bn EUR 53.8 Bn EUR 25.2 Bn EUR 28.6 Bn EUR 268.9 Mn units 234.1 Mn units 470 per 1,000 inhab. 427.4 Bn EUR

= 25% of worldwide MV production = 29% of worldwide PC production

= 26% of worldwide MV registrations/sales = 28% of worldwide PC registrations/sales = 10% of EU manufacturing industry = 6% of EU employed population =5% of turnover = 9% of manufacturing sector

TAX REVENUE FROM MOTOR VEHICLES

SOURCE: ACEA, VDA, AAA, GLOBAL INSIGHT, EUROSTAT

= 4% of EU15 GDP

57

Key figures

(EU27)

Employment

european a u t o m o bi l e m a n u fa c t u r e r s a s s o ci at io n

Employment

key figures

Automobile Sector: Direct and Indirect* Employment | 2007

AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY (PRODUCTION OPERATIONS)

Automobile manufacturing Bodywork, trailers, caravans Equipment and accessories

CLOSELY RELATED MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES

(NACE dm341) (NACE dm342) (NACE dm343) (NACE dh2512) (NACE dk2914) (NACE dk2923) (NACE dl3002) (NACE dl311) (NACE dl3161) (NACE g501) (NACE g502) (NACE g503) (NACE g505) (NACE i602)

2.3 Mn Jobs

Manufacture, retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres and tubes Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements Manufacture of cooling and ventilation equipment Manufacture of computers and other information processing equipment Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers Manufacture of electrical equipment for engines and vehicles (not elsewhere reported)
AUTOMOBILE USE
BASED ON EuRoStAt dAtA - 2007

1.2 Mn Jobs

12.6 Mn Jobs

TRANSPORT

Road transport (passengers and freight)

4.9 Mn Jobs

* Indirect employment data does not report employment in raw material sector (e.g. steel, aluminium, glass, etc.), textile, driving schools, licensing activities, vehicle testing, vehicle insurance and financing, etc.
61

Taxation

Trade

Sale and distribution of motor vehicles Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles Sale of motor vehicle parts and accessories Retail sale of automotive fuel

4.2 Mn Jobs

Employment

Over 12 million families depend on the automobile industry in Europe

employment

Automotive Employment put into Perspective

Eu automotive employment = 12.6 Mn

Automotive non-manufacturing = 9.1 Mn Automotive manufacturing = 3.5 Mn Eu employment non-automotive, non-manufacturing = 180.4 Mn
BASED ON EuRoStAt dAtA 2007

Eu Manufacturing employment non-automotive = 31.0 Mn

Manufacturing employment related to the automotive sector total automotive employment (manufacturing & sevices) Eu27 total population Eu27 total employment Eu27 employed population in manufacturing sector
BASED ON EuRoStAt dAtA, 2007; ILo dAtA 2007

3.5 Mn people 12.6 Mn people 493.5 Mn people 224.1 Mn people 34.5 Mn people

= 10.2% of total employment in Eu manufacturing = 5.6% of Eu employed population

= 15.4% of total employed population

62

key figures

Direct Automotive Employment by Country | 2007

Units - in thousands

900 800 700 600 500 400 300

BASED ON EuRoStAt dAtA 2007

848

255 169 166 155

200 100 0 dE FR

135

122

85

76

64

56

45

34

23

23

10

It

uK

ES

PL

CZ

SE

SK

Ro

Hu

BE

At

NL

Pt

SI

FI

dK

IE

BG

EL

EE

Lt

LV

Each direct job creates at least another 5 related jobs

63

Taxation

Trade

Employment

employment

Employment* by Mode of Transport | 2007

total transport 9.2 Mn

Passenger transport 21.3% (2.0 Mn)

Railways 9,4% Air transport 4,4% Sea transport 2,0%

Road Transport 53.4% (5 Mn)

BASED ON EuRoStAt dAtA 2007

Inland Water transport 0,5% Pipelines 0,1%

Freight transport 32.2% (3.0 Mn)

travel Agencies & tour operators 5,3% other Auxiliary transport Activities 24,8%

* Employment in companies whose main activity lies in the transport mode concerned

64

Production
Production
european a u t o m o bi l e m a n u fa c t u r e r s a s s o ci at io n

key figures

Passenger Car Production - International Comparison | 1999 2009

Units

18,000,000
36.2%

15,000,000 12,000,000 9,000,000 6,000,000

SOURCE: oICA - 2010

33.3% 29.5%

36.8%

20.8% 20.4% 14.5%

19.6% 14.9% 8.5% 14.5%

Eu NAFtA
6.7%

3,000,000 0 1999

5.9%

7.9%

7.0%

Japan South Korea BRIC

2004

2009

Passenger Car Production Worldwide | 2009

VOLUME Eu NAFtA
SOURCE: oICA 2010

% ShARE 29.5% 8.5% 14.5% 6.7% 33.3% 100%

13,944,054 4,010,893 6,862,161 3,158,417 15,722,536 47,227,656

Japan South Korea BRIC Total World

67

Production

p r o d u c t io n

The EU produces 33 vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants

Motor Vehicle Production per 1,000 inhabitants | 2009

120 100 80 60
SOURCE: EuRoStAt; ACEA 2010
64 48 47 33 32 23 18 18 17 14 14 104 93 85

40
Production per 1,000 inhabitants

20 0 SI CZ SK dE BE ES FR

12

PL

Hu

uK

SE

It

Ro

Pt

At

NL

FI

Eu

68

key figures

Automobile assembly & engine production plants in Europe

Overview
EU Plants ExTRA EU Plants

At BE BG CZ dE EE ES FI FR Hu It NL PL Pt Ro SE SI SK uK

Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech republic Germany Estonia Spain Finland France Hungary Italy Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Sweden Slovenia Slovakia united Kingdom

6 9 1 11 47 1 15 2 38 6 20 9 16 5 4 15 1 3 32

BIH BY KZ RS Ru tR uA uZ

Bosnia Herzegovina Belarus Kazakhstan Serbia Russia turkey ukraine uzbekistan

Countries

1 3 1 2 27 16 5 1
Plants

total EU
ACEA MEMBERS

27 19
Countries

297 16
Plants

total EU

25 19

208 183

69

Production

p r o d u c t io n

Motor Vehicle Production in the EU by Country | 2009

TOTAL AUSTRIA BELGIUM CZECh REPUBLIC FINLAND FRANCE GERMANY

SOURCE: SouRCE: ACEA - 2010 (NAtIoNAL AutoMoBILE ASSoCIAtIoNS)

56,000 510,300 967,760 10,907 1,821,734 4,964,523 180,500 661,100 50,620 819,000 101,680 279,320 461,340 202,570 1,812,688 128,738 999,460 13,944,054 80,206 1,019,613 10,179 331,131 54,864 22,172 16,990 158,089 198,847 148,145 2,650

15,714 11,750 1,091 64 25,145 89,403 1,670 23,046 24,340 2,079 188 4,036 7,786 370 1,004 1,641 4,822 84 760 3,068

71,714 522,810 974,569 10,971 2,049,762 5,209,857 182,540 843,239 76 601 879,186 126,015 296,498 461,340 212 749

hUNGARY ITALY NEThERLANDS POLAND PORTUGAL ROMANIA SLOVAKIA SLOVENIA SPAIN SWEDEN UNITED KINGDOM EUROPEAN UNION *

25,707 18,000 9,003 245,640

552 9,600 1,470 35,109

2,170,078 156,338 1,090,139 15,244,416

* double countings are deducted from the totals

70

key figures

Commercial vehicle production trend

Commercial Vehicle Production in the EU | 1990-2009

Units

Percentage

3,000,000
+20.6% +10.2% +17.3% +2.2% +7.5% -3.3% -3.3% -6.0% +13.2% +2.3% +3.8% +3.3% +3.8% +5.4% -5.2%

+30.0 +20.0 +10.0 +0.0 -10.0

-23.5%

2,000,000

-1.0% -7.7%

-20.0 -30.0
-47.5%

1,000,000
SOURCE: ACEA 2010

-40.0 -50.0

0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

-60.0

Volumes % change year-on-year

71

Production

p r o d u c t io n

Passenger car production trend

Passenger Car Production in the EU | 1990-2009
Units Percentage

18,000,000
+12.4% +8.8% +3.8% +2.0% -3.2% +4.3% +1.1% +5.6% +3.1% +0.2% -1.2% -1.2% +1.9% -0.9% +1.3%

+15.0 +10.0 +5.0 +0.0

-6.7%

12,000,000

+2.9%

-5.0
-12.6%

6,000,000
SOURCE: ACEA 2010
-15.1%

-10.0 -15.0

0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

-20.0

Passenger Car Production Worldwide | 1999-2009

Units Percentage

Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, united Kingdom Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia % change year-on-year

60,000,000
+4.2%

+6.2% +3.7% +3.8% +1.5%

+5.2%

+6.5%

+6.6%

50,000,000 40,000,000
SOURCE: oICA 2010

-0.9% -3.4%

30,000,000 20,000,000 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

-10.5%

+8.0 +6.0 +4.0 +2.0 +0.0 -2.0 -4.0 -6.0 -8.0 -10.0 -12.0

2009

72

key figures

30% of passenger cars are produced in the EU

World Passenger Car Production (% share) | 2009

8.5%

NAFtA

S. Korea Brazil India others Asia-others Russia Europe / others

6.7% 5.5% 4.6% 3.4% 3.3% 1.3% 1.2%

14.5% Japan 22.0% China

SOURCE: oICA 2010

29.5% Eu

World Motor Vehicle Production (% share) | 2009

13.0% Japan 14.4% NAFtA 22.6% China

SOURCE: oICA 2010

S. Korea Brazil India Asia-others others Europe / others Russia

5.8% 5.2% 4.3% 4.1% 3.5% 1.6% 1.2%

25.0% Eu

73

Production

Registrations
Registrations
european a u t o m o bi l e m a n u fa c t u r e r s a s s o ci at io n

key figures

Europe represents a market of over 15 Mn new vehicles per year

Motor Vehicle Registrations Worldwide | 2009

Eu 26.1%

America North & South 27.2%

SOURCE: ACEA 2010

other

7.1%

One of four new vehicles in the world is sold in the EU

77

Registrations

Asia 39.6%

r e gis t r at io n s

Motor Vehicle Registrations in the EU by Country | 2009

TOTAL AT BE BG CZ DK EE FI FR DE EL
SOURCE: ACEA 2010 (NAtIoNAL AutoMoBILE ASSoCIAtIoNS)

TOTAL LU NL PL PT RO SK SI ES SE UK EU 47,265 387,679 320,119 160,996 115,979 74,717 55,712 952,772 213,408 1,994,999 14,116,052 2,927 51,286 41,652 38,906 15,445 15,709 5,239 106,669 27,413 186,818 1,375,856 870 11,834 10,064 3,213 2,160 1,664 758 12,137 5,519 34,746 237,451 209 1,088 953 628 883 671 126 2,644 1,173 7,989 37,533 51,271 451,887 372,788 203,743 134,467 92,761 61,835 1,074,222 247,513 2,224,552 15,766,892

319,403 476,194 22,869 161,659 112,271 8,234 90,574 2,268,671 3,807,175 220,548 78,590 57,460 2,158,010 3,745 7,003

25,567 51,250 2,836 19,427 15,271 941 8,677 372,575 169,376 14,549 11,655 9,267 181,274 428 699

4,805 8,358 932 4,760 3,261 225 3,173 36,174 67,196 1,872 2,729 1,103 19,087 297 514

654 979 176 775 314 59 592 7,432 5,612 1,012 177 170 3,055 70 92

350,429 536,781 26,813 186,621 131,117 9,459 103,016 2,684,852 4,049,359 237,981 93,151 68,000 2,361,426 4,540 8,308

hU IE IT LV LT

IS No CH

2,020 98,675 266,018

262 23,504 22,148

47 4,098 4,319

8 1,160 610

2,337 127,437 293,095

EFTA Eu + EFtA
data for Cyprus and Malta not available Sales figures

366,713 14,482,765

45,914 1,421,770

8,464 245,915

1,778 39,311

422,869 16,189,761

78

key figures

New Car Registrations per 100 inhabitants | 2009

10.0
9.4

9.0

7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0

New Car Registrations per 100 inhabitants 4.7 4.4 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3

3.2 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2

1.0 0.0 Lu dE BE At It FR CH uK SI NL SE ES dK No EL FI CZ Pt SK IE

SOURCE: ACEA 2010

PL

Hu

IS

EE Ro BG

Lt

LV

* Eu27, data for Cyprus and Malta n.a.

Eu 15

Eu 27*

Eu 10

79

Registrations

8.0

r e gis t r at io n s

Market Share of New Passenger Cars | 2008 2009

Percentage

SOURCE: ACEA 2010 (NAtIoNAL AutoMoBILE ASSoCIAtIoNS)

30 % 25 % 20 % 15 % 10 % 5% 0% dE FR It uK ES BE NL PL At EL SE CZ Pt Ro dK FI SK Hu SI IE Lu BG EE Lt LV

2008

2009

In many markets, 2009 new car registrations were supported by temporary fleet renewal schemes as part of crisis relief measures

80

key figures

Trend in new EU car registrations

New Car Registrations in the EU | 1990-2009
Percentage Units

16,000,000 15,000,000
SOURCE: ACEA 2010, BASEd oN AAA dAtA
-0.0% +1.1%

+5.9%

+5.2%

+6.3%

+7.2% +4.9% +5.0% +0.6% -2.1% -2.7% -1.2%

+8.0% +3.8% +1.0% -0.6% -1.2%

+10.0 +5.0 +0.0 -5.0

-8.0%

14,000,000 13,000,000 12,000,000 11,000,000 10,000,000 9,000,000 8,000,000 1990

-10.0
-17.0%

-15.0 -20.0

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

New Passenger Car Registrations % change year-on-year

81

Registrations

r e gis t r at io n s

Trend in new EU commercial vehicle registrations

New Light Commercial Vehicle Registrations in the EU | 1997-2009
Units Percentage

2,500,000
+13.1%

SOURCE: ACEA 2010, BASEd oN AAA dAtA

2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 0 1997 1998

+9.0%

+5.6% -2.8% -2.5% -2.7%

+9.5% +3.0% +0.4%

+5.7%

-9.7%

-29.5%

+20.0 +15.0 +10.0 +5.0 +0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 -20.0 -25.0 -30.0 -35.0

LCV - Light Commercial Vehicle < 3.5t (incl. light buses) % change year-on-year

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

New Heavy Commercial Vehicle Registrations in the EU | 1997-2009

Units Percentage

500,000
SOURCE: ACEA 2010, BASEd oN AAA dAtA

+16.5%

+12.7% +2.5% -3.7% -1.2% -10.0%

+20.0
+9.5% +6.1% +6.4% +6.5% -2.6%

400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000

+10.0 +0.0 -10.0 -20.0 -30.0

-44.4%

-40.0 -50.0

Commercial Vehicle > 3.5t % change year-on-year

0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

82

key figures

Vehicle sales develop in relation to economic growth

New Passenger Car Registrations in the EU and GDP
New PC Registrations Eu Eu GdP +4.5 +3.5 +1.5 +0.5 -0.5 -1.5 -2.5 -3.5 -4.5 -5.5
GDP Growth (%)

16,000,000
New PC Registrations (units)

15,000,000 14,000,000 13,000,000 12,000,000 11,000,000 10,000,000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

+2.5

SOURCE: AAA, ACEA, dG ECFIN

New Commercial Vehicle Registrations in the EU and GDP | 1990-2009

New CV Registrations Eu Eu GdP

2,700,000
New CV Registrations (units)

+4.5 +3.5 +1.5 +0.5 -0.5 -1.5 -2.5 -3.5 -4.5 -5.5
GDP Growth (%)

2,500,000 2,300,000 2,100,000 1,900,000 1,700,000 1,500,000 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

+2.5

SOURCE: AAA, ACEA, dG ECFIN

83

Registrations

r e gis t r at io n s

A closer look at consumer demand

2009

New Car Registrations by Segment in the EU15+EFTA | 2006-2009

Units

Small Lower Medium upper Medium Executive

600,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JuNE JuL AuG SEPt oCt NoV dEC

2008
Small Lower Medium upper Medium Executive

2007
Small Lower Medium upper Medium Executive

2006
Small Lower Medium upper Medium Executive

New Cars sold in Europe* by Segment | 2009-2010

Units

New Cars sold in Europe* by Segment | 2009

Small 40.5%

50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

others Luxury SuVs MPVs upper Lower Medium Medium Small

2008

2009

Lower Medium 23.5% upper Medium 11.9% MPVs SuVs Luxury others 9.7% 8.2% 3.3% 2.9%

*2009; Eu27, Norway and Switzerland, excluding Luxembourg

84

More information on trends in new car characteristics at http://www.acea.be/index.php/news/news_detail/trends_in_new_car_characteristics/

key figures

The drive towards fuel efficiency

Demand for Cars 120 gCO2/km | 1995-2009
Units

3,500,000 3,000,000
SOURCE: AAA FIGuRES FoR tHE Eu15

3,233,549

2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 0

2 0 813 20,339 88,174 583,614 159,384 306,514 839,488 958,591 904,845 1,008,992 1,419,388 2,039,810

+59%

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

CO2 Emissions from New Cars | 1995-2009

80%

SOURCE: AAA FIGuRES FoR tHE Eu15

trend in new car Co2 emissions (g/km)

39% 30% 17% 3% 22% 9% 35% 30% 24% 11% 31%

161+
27% 26% 16% 27% 25% 23% 25%

160-141 140-121 120 and less

1995

2006

2007

2008

2009

85

Registrations

r e gis t r at io n s

Most new cars have a diesel engine

Diesel Penetration in the EU15+EFTA (% of new cars registered) | 1990-2009
% share

SOURCE: AAA FIGuRES FoR tHE Eu15+EFtA

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Diesel Penetration in the EU15+EFTA by Country (% of new cars registered) | 1990-2009

% share

80 70 60
SOURCE: AAA FIGuRES FoR tHE Eu15+EFtA

50 40 30 20 10 0 BE Lu No FR ES Pt IE FI At dK It uK SE IS dE CH NL EL

Eu15 + EFtA
More information on trends in new car characteristics at http://www.acea.be/index.php/news/news_detail/trends_in_new_car_characteristics/

86

key figures

New passenger car registrations the global view

Market Shares | 2009

PASSENGER CARS

2009

% share

2008

% change

Europe
Europe-others turkey Russia EFtA Eu

33.1%
0.5% 0.7% 2.9% 0.7% 28.2%

America 32.1%
NAFTA 25.2% uSA 20.7% MERCOSUR Brazil 6.9% 6.0%

EUROPE
Eu EFtA Russia turkey Europe-others

16,576,725
14,116,052 366,837 1,465,917 369,819 258,100

33,1%
28,2% 0,7% 2,9% 0,7% 0,5%

18,643,256
14,331,792 408,207 2,897,459 305,998 699,800

-11,1%
-1,5% -10,1% -49,4% 20,9% -63,1%

AMERICA 1
NAFtA of which uSA MERCoSuR of which Brazil

16,091,990
12,613,177 10,402,215 3,478,813 3,008,742

32,1%
25,2% 20,7% 6,9% 6,0%

19,101,002
15,849,054 13,194,741 3,251,948 2,670,991

-15,8%
-20,4% -21,2% 7,0% 12,6%

Asia 33.2% Others 1.6%

Japan South Korea China India Asia-others 3 7.8% 2.4% 16.7% 3.6% 2.6%

ASIA
Japan South Korea China
SOURCE: ACEA 2010

16,656,815
3,923,740 1,225,000 8,380,870 1,815,205 1,312,000

33,2%
7,8% 2,4% 16,7% 3,6% 2,6%

13,763,033
4,227,643 1,034,387 5,692,049 1,545,342 1,263,612

21,0%
-7,2% 18,4% 47,2% 17,5% 3,8%

India Asia-others 2

OThERS 3 TOTAL WORLD

819,674

1,6%

965,006 52,472,297

-15,1% -4,4%

50,145,204 100,0%

1. Including Light Commercial Vehicles 2. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, taiwan, thailand 3. Australia, New Zealand, South Africa

87

Registrations

r e gis t r at io n s

New motor vehicle registrations worldwide

Market Shares | 2009

MOTOR VEhICLES

2009

% share

2008

% change

Europe
Europe-others turkey Russia EFtA Eu

30.9%
0.5% 1.0% 2.7% 0.7% 26.1%

America 27.2%
NAFTA 21.2% uSA 17,5% MERCOSUR Brazil 6.0% 5.2%

EUROPE
Eu EFtA Russia turkey Europe-others

18,682,643
15,766,892 422,869 1,618,917 575,865 298,100

30,9%
26,1% 0,7% 2,7% 1,0% 0,5%

21,890,861
16,730,630 485,172 3,366,415 526,544 782,100

-14,7%
-5,8% -12,8% -51,9% 9,4% -61,9%

AMERICA
NAFtA of which uSA MERCoSuR of which Brazil

16,493,364
12,859,317 10,601,901 3,634,047 3,146,905

27,2%
21,2% 17,5% 6,0% 5,2%

19,676,000
16,238,514 13,493,165 3,437,486 2,825,716

-16,2%
-20,8% -21,4% 5,7% 11,4%

Asia 39.6% Others 2 2.2%

Japan South Korea China India Asia-others 1 7.6% 2.4% 22.5% 3.7% 3.3%

ASIA
Japan South Korea China
SOURCE: ACEA 2010

23,982,136
4,609,255 1,445,000 13,644,794 2,263,887 2,019,200

39,6%
7,6% 2,4% 22,5% 3,7% 3,3%

19,709,185
5,082,235 1,237,087 9,336,326 1,983,045 2,070,492

21,7%
-9,3% 16,8% 46,1% 14,2% -2,5%

India Asia-others 1

OThERS 2 TOTAL WORLD

1,361,145

2,2%

1,598,505 64,116,327

-14,8% -5,6%
1. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, taiwan, thailand 2. Australia, New Zealand, South Africa

60,519,288 100,0%

88

Vehicles in Use
Vehicles in Use
european a u t o m o bi l e m a n u fa c t u r e r s a s s o ci at io n

key figures

Cars in the EU are on average 8.2 years old

Average Car Age by Country | 2008
18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0
Source: ANFAC, ACEA 2010 11.6 11.0 11.0 10.5 9.5 15.9

9.0

8.3

8.2

8.2

7.9

7.7

6.9

6.0 4.0 2.0 0

LATVIA SLOVAKIA FINLAND ESTONIA GREECE SWEDEN PORTUGAL FRANCE GERMANY BELGIUM AUSTRIA UK

EU*

Car Fleet* Composition | 2008

34.5% Cars > 10 years old

Source: ANFAC, ACEA 2010

33.6% Cars 5 years old 31.9% Cars 5-10 years old

* for available countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, UK.

91

Vehicles in Use

v e h ic l e s i n u s e

EU vehicle fleet composition

EU Fleet by Vehicle Type | 2008

Cars 87.1% Commercial Vehicles 12.6%

SOURCE: EuRoStAt 2010

Buses & Coaches 0.3%

EU Passenger Car Fleet by Fuel Type | 2008

Gasoline 63.6%
SOURCE: ANFAC, ACEA 2010

diesel 33.7% other 2.7%

92

key figures

EU vehicle fleet development

EU Car Fleet | 1993 2008
Units - in thousands

250,000 200,000 150,000

SOURCE: EuRoStAt 2010

100,000 50,000

1993

1998

2003

2008

EU Commercial Vehicle Fleet | 1993 2008

Units - in thousands

40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000

SOURCE: EuRoStAt 2010

15,000 10,000 5,000 0 1993 1998 2003 2008

93

Vehicles in Use

v e h ic l e s i n u s e

Vehicle spread in the EU

Car Fleet by Country (in units and % share) | 2008
Units

45,000,000
17.7%

40,000,000
15.4%

35,000,000
13.3%

30,000,000 25,000,000 20,000,000

12.5%

9.5%

6.9%

15,000,000 10,000,000 SOURCE: EuRoStAt 2010 5,000,000 0

3.2% 2.2% 2.1% 1.9% 1.9% 1.8% 1.8% 1.7% 1.3% 1.2% 1.0% 0.9% 0.8%

0.7%

0.7%

0.4%

0.4%

0.2%

0.2%

0.1%

0.1%

dE

It

FR

uK

ES

PL

NL

BE

EL

CZ

Pt

At

SE

Ro

Hu

FI

BG

dK

IE

Lt

SK

SI

LV

EE

CY

Lu

Mt

94

key figures

International comparison
Car Fleet (in Mn) | 2008
Units in millions

250.00 200.00
SOURCE: EuRoStAt, GLoBAL INSIGHt

234.08

150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00

Eu*

135.52

57.93 32.02 25.74 21.88 12.48 9.85

* 27 countries included over the whole period

uSA

JAPAN

RuSSIA

CHINA

BRAZIL

S. KoREA

INdIA

Car Fleet Growth (% change) | 1996-2008

% change

+30.0 +25.0 +20.0 +15.0 +10.0 +5.0

SOURCE: EuRoStAt, GLoBAL INSIGHt

+0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 -20.0 1996 1997 1998 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Eu* uSA Japan Russia China Brazil South Korea India

95

Vehicles in Use

v e h ic l e s i n u s e

Trends in motorisation
Car Density in the World (cars per 1,000 inhabitants) | 2008
500 400
SOURCE: EuRoStAt, GLoBAL INSIGHt 470 454 444

300 200 100 0

Eu* JAPAN uSA

254

226 113 19 8

S. KoREA

RuSSIA

BRAZIL

CHINA

INdIA
* 27 countries included over the whole period

Car Density in the EU (cars per 1,000 inhabitants) | 2008

700 600 500 400 300 200
SOURCE: EuRoStAt
667 601 557 555 514 513 507 504 499 498 483 477 475 470 462 458 446 439

423

422

415

413

412

381 311 305 285 187

100 0 Lu It CY Mt SI At FI dE Lt FR ES BE uK Eu SE NL EL IE CZ PL Pt LV EE dK BG Hu SK Ro

96

Trade

european a u t o m o bi l e m a n u fa c t u r e r s a s s o ci at io n

Trade

key figures

The EU automotive industry is a formidable exporter

EU Exports of Passenger Cars (in value)

North America 31.6%

EFtA & Eastern Europe 25.6%

Asia & oceania 26.8% Middle East 6.8% South America & Caribbean 2.2% Africa 7.2%

SOURCE: EuRoStAt, 2009

99

Trade

trade

EU Motor Vehicle Trade (in Mn)

YEAR 2008
tRAdE IN VALuE (MN) SOURCE: EuRoStAt IMPoRtS ExPoRtS tRAdE BALANCE IMPoRtS

YEAR 2009
ExPoRtS tRAdE BALANCE IMPoRtS

% ChG 09/08
ExPoRtS tRAdE BALANCE

Passenger Cars Light Commercial Vehicles (up to 5t)

30,058 4,530 35,784

69,576 3,455 6,767 79,798

39,518 -1,075 5,571 44,014

21,743 2,567 866 25,176

47,747 1,881 4,136 53,764

26,004 -686 3,270 28,588

-27.7% -43.3% -27.6% -29.6%

-31.4% -45.6% -38.9%

-34.2% -36.2% -41.3%

Commercial Vehicles (over 5t) + Buses & Coaches 1,196

total

-32.6% -35.0%

EU Motor Vehicle Trade (in units)

SOURCE: EuRoStAt

YEAR 2008
tRAdE IN VoLuME (uNItS) SOURCE: EuRoStAt IMPoRtS ExPoRtS IMPoRtS

YEAR 2009
ExPoRtS

% ChG 09/08
IMPoRtS ExPoRtS

Passenger Cars Light Commercial Vehicles (up to 5t) Commercial Vehicles (over 5t) + Buses & Coaches
total

3,004,033 425,056 20,638 3,449,727

5,786,073 341,152 207,918 6,335,143

2,273,745 245,470 14,942 2,534,157

3,437,543 225,464 143,956 3,806,963

-24.3% -42.2% -27.6% -26.5%

-40.6% -33.9% -30.8% -39.9%

100

key figures

Most imports to the EU come from Japan

Origin of most EU Passenger Car Imports (in Mn)
2007 2008 2009 % CHG 09/08 % CHG 08/07 % CHG 09/07 % SHARE IN 2009

World Japan turkey united States South Korea India Mexico

SOURCE: EuRoStAt

33,774 12,030 4,206 6,395 6,691 335 1,992 567 70 508 193

30,058 10,821 3,676 6,036 3,945 585 2,405 808 300 564 154

21,743 7,896 3,193 2,990 2,607 1,536 1,499 539 469 360 125

-27.7% -27.0% -13.1% -50.5% -33.9% 162.8% -37.7% -33.4% 56.4% -36.1% -19.1%

-11.0% -10.1% -12.6% -5.6% -41.0% 74.7% 20.7% 42.7% 327.5% 10.9% -19.9%

-35.6% -34.4% -24.1% -53.2% -61.0% 359.0% -24.8% -4.9% 568.5% -29.1% -35.2%

100.0% 36.3% 14.7% 13.8% 12.0% 7.1% 6.9% 2.5% 2.2% 1.7% 0.6%

Brazil South Africa China Switzerland

Passenger Cars Origin of EU Imports (in value) | 2009

12.0% S. Korea 14.7% turkey 20.9% NAFtA 36.3% Japan 0.2% 0.2% Europe-others Middle East

India MERCoSuR South Africa China Asia & oceania-others

7.1% 2.6%

1.7% 1.0% 0.8% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2%

101

SOURCE: EuRoStAt

EFtA Africa-others Russia others

Trade

2.2%

trade

Origin of most EU Passenger Car Imports (in units)

2007 2008 2009 % CHG 09/08 % CHG 08/07 % CHG 09/07 % SHARE IN 2009

World Japan South Korea turkey India China united States

SOURCE: EuRoStAt

3,437,676 965,891 651,335 385,727 119,630 392,926 460,222 152,007 122,466 63,798 3,913

3,004,033 867,496 446,552 411,567 99,540 303,698 371,967 183,650 136,739 53,084 20,520

2,273,745 643,155 350,259 313,660 265,558 177,783 174,461 116,291 73,854 47,216 31,308

-24.3% -25.9% -21.6% -23.8% 166.8% -41.5% -53.1% -36.7% -46.0% -11.1% 52.6%

-12.6% -10.2% -31.4% 6.7% -16.8% -22.7% -19.2% 20.8% 11.7% -16.8% 424.4%

-33.9% -33.4% -46.2% -18.7% 122.0% -54.8% -62.1% -23.5% -39.7% -26.0% 700.1%

100.0% 28.3% 15.4% 13.8% 11.7% 7.8% 7.7% 5.1% 3.2% 2.1% 1.4%

Mexico taiwan Brazil South Africa

Passenger Cars Origin of EU Imports (in units) | 2009

30.0% 20.0%
SOURCE: EuRoStAt

28.3 15.4

13.8

10.0% 0%
JAPAN S. KoREA tuRKEY

11.7

7.8

7.7

5.1

3.2

2.1

1.4

INdIA

CHINA

uSA

MExICo

tAIWAN

BRAZIL

S. AFRICA

102

key figures

Car shipments to the USA represent over a quarter of EU car exports (in value)
Main Destinations of EU Passenger Car Exports
2007

(in Mn)
2008 2009 % CHG 09/08 % CHG 08/07 % CHG 09/07 % SHARE IN 2009

World united States China Switzerland Japan Russia turkey Norway Canada
SOURCE: EuRoStAt

71,025 24,754 3,345 4,324 4,121 6,659 2,835 2,703 2,094 2,101 1,603 975
(in value)

69,576 20,550 4,610 4,365 3,256 8,790 2,808 2,192 2,085 2,188 1,026 912

47,747 12,708 5,470 3,841 2,670 2,538 2,047 1,854 1,792 1,576 948 802

-31.4% -38.2% 18.7% -12.0% -18.0% -71.1% -27.1% -15.4% -14.1% -28.0% -7.6% -12.1%

-2.0% -17.0% 37.8% 0.9% -21.0% 32.0% -1.0% -18.9% -0.4% 4.1% -36.0% -6.5%

-32.8% -48.7% 63.5% -11.2% -35.2% -61.9% -27.8% -31.4% -14.4% -25.0% -40.9% -17.7%

100.0% 26.6% 11.5% 8.0% 5.6% 5.3% 4.3% 3.9% 3.8% 3.3% 2.0% 1.7%

Australia South Africa South Korea

Passenger Cars Destination of EU Exports

6.8% Middle East

| 2009
Japan Russia Africa-others Asia & oceania turkey Europe-others Australia South Africa 5.6% 5.3% 5.2% 4.7% 4.3% 4.0% 3.3% 2.0%
103

12.0% EFtA 31.6% NAFtA

SOURCE: EuRoStAt

0.8% 1.4% 1.7%

others MERCoSuR South Korea

Trade

11.5% China

TRADE

About 16% of exported cars set sail to the USA

Main Destinations of EU Passenger Car Exports (in units)
2007 2008 2009 % chg 09/08 % chg 08/07 % chg 09/07 % share in 2009

World United states iran switzerland russia china Turkey Japan

Source: eUrosTaT

5,069,862 988,449 202,537 244,539 533,780 100,480 225,785 213,709 100,963 153,320 64,012 90,609

4,854,618 875,953 390,955 234,076 675,312 136,566 223,463 161,750 119,212 124,422 58,635 103,466

3,438,246 544,506 350,131 200,328 177,550 173,135 169,275 112,448 111,852 111,329 104,900 86,565

-29.2% -37.8% -10.4% -14.4% -73.7% 26.8% -24.2% -30.5% -6.2% -10.5% 78.9% -16.3%

-4.2% -11.4% 93.0% -4.3% 26.5% 35.9% -1.0% -24.3% 18.1% -18.8% -8.4% 14.2%

-32.2% -44.9% 72.9% -18.1% -66.7% 72.3% -25.0% -47.4% 10.8% -27.4% 63.9% -4.5%

100.0% 15.8% 10.2% 5.8% 5.2% 5.0% 4.9% 3.3% 3.3% 3.2% 3.1% 2.5%

Belarus norway Mexico canada

Destination of EU Passenger Car Exports (in units) | 2009

20.0% 15.0% 10.0%
Source: eUrosTaT 15.8 10.2 5.8 5.2 5.0 4.9

5.0% 0%
Usa iran

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

2.5

swiTzerland

rUssia

china

TUrKeY

JaPan

norwaY

BelarUs

MeXico

canada

104

key figures

A closer look at imports of all vehicle categories

Origin of most EU Motor Vehicle Imports
(in units)
2007 2008 2009 % CHG 09/08 % CHG 08/07 % CHG 09/07 % SHARE IN 2009

World Japan turkey South Korea India China united States

SOURCE: EuRoStAt

3,830,315 988,418 621,373 655,421 121,276 393,769 469,366 152,046 122,555 68,698 25,092

3,449,727 894,298 716,977 452,354 102,124 305,310 382,498 183,689 136,754 58,382 35,321

2,577,123 658,331 497,074 352,540 266,958 227,019 179,546 116,301 73,855 49,594 38,779

-25.3% -26.4% -30.7% -22.1% 161.4% -25.6% -53.1% -36.7% -46.0% -15.1% 9.8%

-9.9% -9.5% 15.4% -31.0% -15.8% -22.5% -18.5% 20.8% 11.6% -15.0% 40.8%

-32.7% -33.4% -20.0% -46.2% 120.1% -42.3% -61.7% -23.5% -39.7% -27.8% 54.5%

100.0% 25.5% 19.3% 13.7% 10.4% 8.8% 7.0% 4.5% 2.9% 1.9% 1.5%

Mexico taiwan Brazil South Africa

Origin of EU Motor Vehicle Imports

(in units)

| 2009

30.0% 20.0%
SOURCE: EuRoStAt

25,5 19,3 13,7 10,4 8,8 7

10.0% 0%
JAPAN tuRKEY S. KoREA

4,5

2,9

1,9

1.5

INdIA

CHINA

uSA

MExICo

tAIWAN

BRAZIL

S. AFRICA

105

Trade

TRADE

A closer look at exports of all vehicle categories

Main Destinations of EU Motor Vehicle Exports (in units)
2007 2008 2009 % chg 09/08 % chg 08/07 % chg 09/07 % share in 2009

World United states iran switzerland russia Turkey china

Source: eUrosTaT

5,642,020 997,593 203,075 268,413 609,721 258,557 103,541 177,437 109,411 213,999 90,819
(in units)

5,403,265 882,134 391,475 259,625 735,978 256,330 138,146 146,063 128,884 161,838 70,014

3,804,561 547,340 350,611 221,096 192,820 187,133 175,039 123,735 119,430 112,527 109,030

-29.6% -38.0% -10.4% -14.8% -73.8% -27.0% 26.7% -15.3% -7.3% -30.5% 55.7%

-4.2% -11.6% 92.8% -3.3% 20.7% -0.9% 33.4% -17.7% 17.8% -24.4% -22.9%

-32.6% -45.1% 72.7% -17.6% -68.4% -27.6% 69.1% -30.3% 9.2% -47.4% 20.1%

100.0% 14.4% 9.2% 5.8% 5.1% 4.9% 4.6% 3.3% 3.1% 3.0% 2.9%

norway Belarus Japan Mexico

Destination of EU Motor Vehicle Exports

20.0% 15.0% 10.0%
Source: eUrosTaT 14,4 9,2 5.8

| 2009

5.0% 0%
Usa iran

5,1

4,9

4,6

3.3

3.1

3.0

2,9

swiTzerland

rUssia

TUrKeY

china

norwaY

BelarUs

JaPan

MeXico

106

Taxation

Taxation

european a u t o m o bi l e m a n u fa c t u r e r s a s s o ci at io n

key figures

17 Member States levy CO2-related taxation on cars

In 2010, seventeen Eu Member States levied Co2-related taxes on passenger cars. Fifteen governments provided tax incentives for electrically chargeable vehicles. In 2009, total motor vehicle taxes in the Eu15 amounted to 427 billion or 3.9% of GdP. the European car industry supports the further introduction of the fiscal incentives to promote fuel efficiency. tax measures are an important tool in shaping consumer demand towards fuel-efficient cars, and help create a market for breakthrough technologies, notably during the introduction phase. the environmental results of the tax incentives in the Eu may be negatively influenced by the widely varying systems in each country. the European car industry urges Eu governments to show more resolve in harmonising car taxation schemes. the car industry advocates a linear system, in which tax levels are directly proportionate to the cars Co2 emissions and every gramme of Co2 is taxed the same. Car tax schemes should neither include nor exclude specific technologies and be budget neutral in end-effect. Co2 related car taxation is applied in: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, the united Kingdom. Incentives for electrically chargeable vehicles are provided in all Western European countries with the exception of Italy and Luxembourg. the Czech Republic and Romania take the total number of Member States with these incentives up to fifteen.
109

Taxation

ta x at io n

Fiscal Income from the Motor Vehicles in the EU* | 2008

At bn Purchase or transfer 1. VAt on vehicles, servicing/ repair parts, tyres New vehicle sales Second-hand vehicle sales Services and repair + tyres Accessories and spare parts 2. Fuels & Lubricants 3. Sales & registration taxes Annual ownership taxes driving license fees Insurance taxes tolls Customs duties
SOURCE: ACEA 2010

BE

dK

dE bn

ES bn

FR bn

EL bn

IE bn

It bn

NL bn

Pt bn

FI bn

SE SEK bn

uK bn

bn dKK bn

2.510

3.054 1.431 0.081 1.637 0.905

n.a.

27.100 19.100 2.200 4.470 1.330

4.957 2.871 0.062 2.024 16.815 1.043 2.636 0.092 0.739

13.186 7.184 0.586 5.416 34.735 1.888 1.296 3.933 9.484

n.a.

0.084

18.460

1.607 0.783 0.094 0.730

1.200

1.272

15.000

12.830

0.721

5.523 0.530 1.510 0.320 1.300

6.073 0.358 1.401 0.007 0.462 0.093

15.000 24.300 9.627 2.096 0.413

39.930 8.840 0.010 3.570 0.480 0.750

3.115 0.843 0.996

2.651 1.121 1.057

33.460 1.230 6.470 4.230

9.867 3.271 3.079

3.700 1.175 0.080

3.284 1.018 0.637 0.260

50.000 11.850 3.350

24.510 5.380 0.070

N.A. N.A. 5.675 5.7

0.040 0.177 5.130 5.1

1.250 0.125 4.600 69.700 69.7 0.501 19.932 19.9 0.090 6.370 6.4 6.471 6.5 7.250 87.450 8.2 3.710 46.500 52.2

0.355 31.594 31.6 1.435 79.143 79.1

other taxes TOTAL EURO

0.570 12.263 12.3

0.589 16.091 16.1 6.9

51.436 107.780 107.8

GRAND TOTAL = 427.4 BN

*no data available for other Eu Member States

110

key figures

Share of VAT in Net Price of the Car

denmark Hungary Sweden Finland Poland Belgium

SOURCE: ACEA 2010

Austria

Germany Netherlands Romania

25 %

Bulgaria Czech Republic Estonia

19 %

20 %

22 %

Slovakia Malta uK

Italy Portugal Slovenia

18 % 17.5 % 16 % 15 %

Greece Ireland Lithuania Latvia

21 %

France

19.6 %

Spain Cyprus Luxembourg

Excise Duties on Fuels in / 1,000 litres

SOURCE: ACEA 2010

At BE BG CY CZ dK Unleaded Petrol Diesel

EE

FI

FR dE

EL Hu

IE

It

LV

Lt

Lu Mt

NL

PL

Pt Ro

SK

SI

ES

SE uK

EU minimum rates

442 614 350 299 505 571 423 627 607 655 410 444 543 564 380 434 462 459 714 391 583 348 515 499 425 540 617 347 353 307 245 431 386 393 364 428 470 302 360 449 423 330 274 310 352 421 302 364 293 368 432 331 451 617

359

111

Taxation

330

CARS PC AT Austria BE Belgium BG Bulgaria CH Switzerland CY Cyprus CZ Czech Republic DE Germany DK Denmark EE Estonia EL Greece ES Spain FI LT Passenger Cars VANS LCV Light Commercial Vehicles + minibus / coaches 3.5t TRUCKS CV MCV + HCV MCV Medium Commercial Vehicles > 3.5t but 16t HCV Heavy Commercial Vehicles > 16t BUSES + COACHES B&C Buses > 3.5t MOTOR VEHICLES MV Cars + Vans + Trucks + Buses & Coaches SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES SUV off-road passenger cars (4X4)

Lithuania Latvia

EUROPE EU27 + EFTA EFTA Iceland + Norway + Switzerland NAFTA USA + Canada + Mexico BRIC Brazil + Russia + India + China MERCOSUR Argentina + Brazil + Paraguay + Uruguay ASEAN Brunei + Indonesia + Malaysia

LU Luxembourg LV

MT Malta NL Netherlands NO Norway PL Poland PT Portugal RO Romania RS Serbia RU Russia SE Sweden SI

+ Philippines + Singapore + Thailand + Vietnam CIS Commonwealth of Independent States: Armenia + Azerbaijan + Belarus + Kazakhstan + Uzbekistan + Tajikistan + Kyrgyzstan + Moldavia + Ukraine + Russia
EC European Commission CAFE Clean Air for Europe EEA European Environment Agency OECD Organisation for Economic

Finland

FR France HU Hungary IE IS IT

Slovenia

SK Slovakia TR Turkey UA Ukraine UK United Kingdom

Cooperation and Development

AAA Association Auxiliaire de lAutomobile VDA Verband der Automobilindustrie OICA Organisation Internationale

PM CO Mn g tkm GCW

particulate matter carbon monoxide million gramme tonne-kilometre gross combined weight

NOx nitrogen oxides CO2 carbon dioxide Bn t pkm GPD billion tonne passenger-kilometre gross domestic product

Ireland Iceland Italy

des Constructeurs dAutomobiles