"MONORAIL" --- MONORAIL BEAM ANALYSIS

Program Description:
"MONORAIL" is a spreadsheet program written in MS-Excel for the purpose of analysis of either S-shape or W-shape underhung monorail beams analyzed as simple-spans with or without overhangs (cantilevers). Specifically, the x-axis and y-axis bending moments as well as any torsion effects are calculated. The actual and allowable stresses are determined, and the effect of lower flange bending is also addressed by two different approaches. This program is a workbook consisting of three (3) worksheets, described as follows:

Worksheet Name
Doc S-shaped Monorail Beam W-shaped Monorail Beam

Description
This documentation sheet Monorail beam analysis for S-shaped beams Monorail beam analysis for W-shaped beams

Program Assumptions and Limitations:

1. The following references were used in the development of this program: a. Fluor Enterprises, Inc. - Guideline 000.215.1257 - "Hoisting Facilities" (August 22, 2005) b. Dupont Engineering Design Standard: DB1X - "Design and Installation of Monorail Beams" (May 2000) c. American National Standards Institute (ANSI): MH27.1 - "Underhung Cranes and Monorail Syatems" d. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 9th Edition Allowable Stress Design (ASD) Manual (1989) e. "Allowable Bending Stresses for Overhanging Monorails" - by N. Stephen Tanner AISC Engineering Journal (3rd Quarter, 1985) f. Crane Manufacturers Association of America, Inc. (CMAA) - Publication No. 74 "Specifications for Top Running & Under Running Single Girder Electric Traveling Cranes Utilizing Under Running Trolley Hoist" (2004) g. "Design of Monorail Systems" - by Thomas H. Orihuela Jr., PE (www.pdhengineer.com) h. British Steel Code B.S. 449, pages 42-44 (1959) i. USS Steel Design Manual - Chapter 7 "Torsion" - by R. L. Brockenbrough and B.G. Johnston (1981) j. AISC Steel Design Guide Series No. 9 - "Torsional Analysis of Structural Steel Members" by Paul A. Seaburg, PhD, PE and Charlie J. Carter, PE (1997) k. "Technical Note: Torsion Analysis of Steel Sections" - by William E. Moore II and Keith M. Mueller AISC Engineering Journal (4th Quarter, 2002) 2. The unbraced length for the overhang (cantilever) portion, 'Lbo', of an underhung monorail beam is often debated. The following are some recommendations from the references cited above: a. Fluor Guideline 000.215.1257: Lbo = Lo+L/2 b. Dupont Standard DB1X: Lbo = 3*Lo c. ANSI Standard MH27.1: Lbo = 2*Lo d. British Steel Code B.S. 449: Lbo = 2*Lo (for top flange of monorail beam restrained at support) British Steel Code B.S. 449: Lbo = 3*Lo (for top flange of monorail beam unrestrained at support) e. AISC Eng. Journal Article by Tanner: Lbo = Lo+L (used with a computed value of 'Cbo' from article) 3. This program also determines the calculated value of the bending coefficient, 'Cbo', for the overhang (cantilever) portion of the monorail beam from reference "e" in note #1 above. This is located off of the main calculation page. Note: if this computed value of 'Cbo' is used and input, then per this reference the total value of Lo+L should be used for the unbraced length, 'Lbo', for the overhang portion of the monorail beam. 4. This program ignores effects of axial compressive stress produced by any longitudinal (traction) force which is usually considered minimal for underhung, hand-operated monorail systems. 5. This program contains comment boxes which contain a wide variety of information including explanations of input or output items, equations used, data tables, etc. (Note: presence of a comment box is denoted by a red triangle in the upper right-hand corner of a cell. Merely move the mouse pointer to the desired cell to view

the contents of that particular "comment box".)

"MONORAIL.xls" Program Version 1.3

MONORAIL BEAM ANALYSIS

For S-shaped Underhung Monorails Analyzed as Simple-Spans with / without Overhang Per AISC 9th Edition ASD Manual and CMAA Specification No. 74 (2004) Job Name: Subject: Job Number: Originator: Checker: Input:
RL(min)=-0.73

Monorail Size: Select: Design Parameters: Beam Fy = Beam Simple-Span, L = Unbraced Length, Lb = Bending Coef., Cb = Overhang Length, Lo = Unbraced Length, Lbo = Bending Coef., Cbo = Lifted Load, P = Trolley Weight, Wt = Hoist Weight, Wh = Vert. Impact Factor, Vi = Horz. Load Factor, HLF = Total No. Wheels, Nw = Wheel Spacing, S = Distance on Flange, a = S12x50 36 ksi 17.0000 ft. 17.0000 ft. 1.00 3.0000 ft. 11.5000 ft. 1.00 6.000 kips 0.400 kips 0.100 kips 15 % 10 % 4 0.7500 ft. 0.3750 in.
x=8.313

L=17 S=0.75

RR(max)=9.13 Lo=3

S12x50 Pv=7.4

Nomenclature S12x50 Member Properties: 14.60 in.^2 d/Af = 3.32 12.000 in. Ix = 303.00 0.687 in. Sx = 50.60 5.480 in. Iy = 15.60 0.659 in. Sy = 5.69 1.438 in. J = 2.770 1.250 in. Cw = 502.0

### ### ### ### ta = = Cxo = Cx1 = Czo = Cz1 = Section Ratio bf/(2*tf) = d/tw = Qs =

A= d= tw = bf = tf = k= rt =

For Lo = 0 (no
in.^4 in.^3 in.^4 in.^3 in.^4 in.^6

x= Support Reactions: (with overhang) Mx = Results: 9.13 My RR(max) = = Pv*(L+(Lo-S/2))/L+w/1000/(2*L)*(L+Lo)^2 = RL(min) = -0.73 = -Pv*(Lo-S/2)/L+w/1000/(2*L)*(L^2-Lo^2) Lateral Flange Parameters and Coefficients: e= Pv = 7.400 kips Pv = P*(1+Vi/100)+Wt+Wh (vertical load) at = Pw = 1.850 kips/wheel Pw = Pv/Nw (load per trolley wheel) Mt = Ph = 0.600 kips Ph = HLF*P (horizontal load) X-axis Stress ta = 0.493 in. ta = tf-bf/24+a/6 (for S-shape) fbx = = 0.156 = 2*a/(bf-tw) Lc = Cxo = -1.096+1.095*+0.192*e^(-6.0*) Cxo = -0.850 Lu = Cx1 = 3.965-4.835*-3.965*e^(-2.675*) Cx1 = 0.600 Lb/rt = Czo = -0.981-1.479*+1.120*e^(1.322*) Czo = 0.165 fa/Fy = Cz1 = 1.810-1.150*+1.060*e^(-7.70*) Cz1 = 1.948 Is Lb<=Lc? Is d/tw<=allow? Bending Moments for Simple-Span: Is b/t<=65/SQRT(Fy)? x = 8.313 ft. x = 1/2*(L-S/2) (location of max. moments from left end ofIs b/t>95/SQRT(Fy)? simple-span) Mx = 30.08 ft-kips Mx = (Pv/2)/(2*L)*(L-S/2)^2+w/1000*x/2*(L-x) Fbx = My = 2.44 My = (Ph/2)/(2*L)*(L-S/2)^2 Fbx = ft-kips Fbx = Lateral Flange Bending Moment from Torsion for Simple-Span: (per USS Steel Design Manual, 1981) Fbx = e = 6.000 in. e = d/2 (assume horiz. load taken at bot. flange) Fbx = at = 21.662 at = SQRT(E*Cw/(J*G)) , E=29000 ksi and G=11200 ksi Fbx = Mt = 0.29 Mt = Ph*e*at/(2*(d-tf))*TANH(L*12/(2*at))/12 Fbx = ft-kips Use: Fbx = X-axis Stresses for Simple-Span: Y-axis Stress fbx = 7.13 fbx = Mx/Sx fby = ksi Lb/rt = 163.20 Lb/rt = Lb*12/rt fwns =

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"MONORAIL.xls" Program Version 1.3 Fbx = 17.72

ksi

Fbx = 12000*Cb/(Lb*12/(d/Af)) <= 0.60*Fy

fbx <= Fbx, O.K.

(continued)

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"MONORAIL.xls" Program Version 1.3

Y-axis Stresses for Simple-Span: fby = 5.14 ksi fwns = 1.21 ksi fby(total) = 6.35 ksi Fby = 27.00 ksi

S.R. = fby = My/Sy fwns = Mt*12/(Sy/2) (warping normal stress) fby(total) = fby+fwns Fby = 0.75*Fy Pv = (max) = fby <= Fby, O.K. (allow) = S.R. <= 1.0, O.K. My =

Combined Stress Ratio for Simple-Span: S.R. = 0.638 S.R. = fbx/Fbx+fby(total)/Fby

Vertical Deflection for Simple-Span: Lateral Flange Pv = 6.500 kips Pv = P+Wh+Wt (without vertical impact) e= (max) = 0.1412 in. (max) = Pv/2*(L-S)/2/(24*E*I)*(3*L^2-4*((L-S)/2)^2)+5*w/12000*L^4/(384*E*I) at = (ratio) = L/1445 (ratio) = L*12/(max) Mt = (allow) = 0.4533 in. (allow) = L*12/450 Defl.(max) <= Defl.(allow), O.K. fbx = Bending Moments for Overhang: Lc = Mx = 19.65 ft-kips Mx = (Pv/2)*(Lo+(Lo-S))+w/1000*Lo^2/2 Lu = My = 1.58 My = (Ph/2)*(Lo+(Lo-S)) Lbo/rt = ft-kips fa/Fy = Lateral Flange Bending Moment from Torsion for Overhang: (per USS Steel Design Manual,Is Lbo<=Lc? 1981) e = 6.000 in. e = d/2 (assume horiz. load taken at bot. flange) Is d/tw<=allow? at = 21.662 at = SQRT(E*Cw/(J*G)) , E=29000 ksi and G=11200 ksi b/t<=65/SQRT(Fy)? Is Mt = 0.57 Mt = Ph*e*at/(d-tf)*TANH(Lo*12/at)/12 Is b/t>95/SQRT(Fy)? ft-kips Fbx = X-axis Stresses for Overhang: Fbx = fbx = 4.66 fbx = Mx/Sx Fbx = ksi Lbo/rt = 110.40 Lbo/rt = Lbo*12/rt Fbx = Fbx = 21.60 ksi Fbx = 12000*Cbo/(Lbo*12/(d/Af)) <= 0.60*Fy fbx <= Fbx, O.K. = Fbx Fbx = Y-axis Stresses for Overhang: Fbx = fby = 3.32 fby = My/Sy Use: Fbx = ksi fwns = 2.42 fwns = Mt*12/(Sy/2) (warping normal stress) Y-axis Stress ksi fby(total) = 5.74 fby(total) = fby+fwns fby = ksi Fby = 27.00 ksi Fby = 0.75*Fy fby <= Fby, O.K. = fwns fby(total) = Combined Stress Ratio for Overhang: Fby = S.R. = 0.428 S.R. = fbx/Fbx+fby(total)/Fby S.R. <= 1.0, O.K. Combined Str S.R. = Vertical Deflection for Overhang: (assuming full design load, Pv without impact, at end of overhang) Vertical Defle Pv = 6.500 kips Pv = P+Wh+Wt (without vertical impact) Pv = (max) = 0.0715 in. (max) = Pv*Lo^2*(L+Lo)/(3*E*I)+w/12000*Lo*(4*Lo^2*L-L^3+3*Lo^3)/(24*E*I) (max) = (ratio) = L/503 (ratio) = Lo*12/(max) (ratio) = (allow) = 0.0800 in. (allow) = Lo*12/450 Defl.(max) <= Defl.(allow), O.K. Bottom Flange Bending (simplified): be = 7.908 in. Min. of: be = 12*tf or S*12 (effective flange bending length) be = tf2 = 0.859 in. tf2 = tf+(bf/2-tw/2)/2*(1/6) (flange thk. at web based on 1:6 slope of flange) = tf2 am = 1.818 in. am = (bf/2-tw/2)-(k-tf2) (where: k-tf2 = radius of fillet) am = Mf = 3.363 in.-kips Mf = Pw*am Mf = Sf = 0.572 in.^3 Sf = be*tf^2/6 Sf = fb = 5.88 fb = Mf/Sf fb = ksi Fb = 27.00 ksi Fb = 0.75*Fy fb <= Fb, O.K.

Bottom Flang

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"MONORAIL.xls" Program Version 1.3

(continued)

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"MONORAIL.xls" Program Version 1.3 xo = zo =

Bottom Flange Bending per CMAA Specification No. 74 (2004): Local Flange Bending Stress @ Point 0: xo = -6.46 ksi xo = Cxo*Pw/ta^2 zo = zo = Czo*Pw/ta^2 1.25 ksi Local Flange Bending Stress @ Point 1: x1 = x1 = Cx1*Pw/ta^2 4.56 ksi z1 = 14.82 ksi z1 = Cz1*Pw/ta^2 Local Flange Bending Stress @ Point 2: x2 = x2 = -xo 6.46 ksi z2 = -1.25 ksi z2 = -zo Resultant Biaxial Stress @ Point 0: z = 13.22 ksi x = -4.85 ksi xz = 0.00 ksi to = 16.19 ksi Resultant Biaxial Stress @ Point 1: z = 23.39 ksi x = 3.42 ksi xz = 0.00 ksi t1 = 21.88 ksi Resultant Biaxial Stress @ Point 2: z = 11.34 ksi x = 4.85 ksi xz = 0.00 ksi t2 = 9.85 ksi

(Note: torsion is neglected)

(Sign convention: + = tension, - = compression) z1 = S-shape Trolley Wheel x2 = z2 = z = x = xz = to = z = x = xz = t1 =

Pw

Pw

z = fbx+fby+0.75*zo x = 0.75*xo xz = 0 (assumed negligible) to = SQRT(x^2+z^2-x*z+3*xz^2)

y = fbx+fby+0.75*z1 x = 0.75*x1 xz = 0 (assumed negligible) t1 = SQRT(x^2+z^2-x*z+3*xz^2)

<= Fb = 0.66*Fy = 23.76 ksi, O.K. x = xz = t2 =

<= Fb = 0.66*Fy = 23.76 ksi, O.K.

z = fbx+fby+0.75*z2 x = 0.75*x2 xz = 0 (assumed negligible) t2 = SQRT(x^2+z^2-x*z+3*xz^2) Y

<= Fb = 0.66*Fy = 23.76 ksi, O.K.

tw X Pw Z Pw

tf

Point 2 Point 0 tw/2

Point 1

bf/4 bf

ta

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"MONORAIL.xls" Program Version 1.3

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"MONORAIL.xls" Program Version 1.3

MONORAIL BEAM ANALYSIS

For W-shaped Underhung Monorails Analyzed as Simple-Spans with / without Overhang Per AISC 9th Edition ASD Manual and CMAA Specification No. 74 (2004) Job Name: Subject: Job Number: Originator: Checker: Input:
RL(min)=-0.73

Monorail Size: Select: Design Parameters: Beam Fy = Beam Simple-Span, L = Unbraced Length, Lb = Bending Coef., Cb = Overhang Length, Lo = Unbraced Length, Lbo = Bending Coef., Cbo = Lifted Load, P = Trolley Weight, Wt = Hoist Weight, Wh = Vert. Impact Factor, Vi = Horz. Load Factor, HLF = Total No. Wheels, Nw = Wheel Spacing, S = Distance on Flange, a = W12x50 36 ksi 17.0000 ft. 17.0000 ft. 1.00 3.0000 ft. 11.5000 ft. 1.00 6.000 kips 0.400 kips 0.100 kips 15 % 10 % 4 0.7500 ft. 0.3750 in.
x=8.313

L=17 S=0.75

RR(max)=9.13 Lo=3

W12x50 Pv=7.4

Nomenclature W12x50 Member Properties: 14.60 in.^2 d/Af = 2.36 12.200 in. Ix = 391.00 0.370 in. Sx = 64.20 8.080 in. Iy = 56.30 0.640 in. Sy = 13.90 1.140 in. J = 1.710 2.170 in. Cw = 1880.0

### ### ### ### ta = = Cxo = Cx1 = Czo = Cz1 = Section Ratio bf/(2*tf) = d/tw = Qs =

A= d= tw = bf = tf = k= rt =

For Lo = 0 (no
in.^4 in.^3 in.^4 in.^3 in.^4 in.^6

x= Support Reactions: (with overhang) Mx = Results: 9.13 My RR(max) = = Pv*(L+(Lo-S/2))/L+w/1000/(2*L)*(L+Lo)^2 = RL(min) = -0.73 = -Pv*(Lo-S/2)/L+w/1000/(2*L)*(L^2-Lo^2) Lateral Flange Parameters and Coefficients: e= Pv = 7.400 kips Pv = P*(1+Vi/100)+Wt+Wh (vertical load) at = Pw = 1.850 kips/wheel Pw = Pv/Nw (load per trolley wheel) Mt = Ph = 0.600 kips Ph = HLF*P (horizontal load) X-axis Stress ta = 0.640 in. ta = tf (for W-shape) fbx = = 0.097 = 2*a/(bf-tw) Lc = Cxo = -2.110+1.977*+0.0076*e^(6.53*) Cxo = -1.903 Lu = Cx1 = 10.108-7.408*-10.108*e^(-1.364*) Cx1 = 0.535 Lb/rt = Czo = 0.050-0.580*+0.148*e^(3.015*) Czo = 0.192 fa/Fy = Cz1 = 2.230-1.490*+1.390*e^(-18.33*) Cz1 = 2.319 Is Lb<=Lc? Is d/tw<=allow? Bending Moments for Simple-Span: Is b/t<=65/SQRT(Fy)? x = 8.313 ft. x = 1/2*(L-S/2) (location of max. moments from left end ofIs b/t>95/SQRT(Fy)? simple-span) Mx = 30.08 ft-kips Mx = (Pv/2)/(2*L)*(L-S/2)^2+w/1000*x/2*(L-x) Fbx = My = 2.44 My = (Ph/2)/(2*L)*(L-S/2)^2 Fbx = ft-kips Fbx = Lateral Flange Bending Moment from Torsion for Simple-Span: (per USS Steel Design Manual, 1981) Fbx = e = 6.100 in. e = d/2 (assume horiz. load taken at bot. flange) Fbx = at = 53.354 at = SQRT(E*Cw/(J*G)) , E=29000 ksi and G=11200 ksi Fbx = Mt = 0.67 Mt = Ph*e*at/(2*(d-tf))*TANH(L*12/(2*at))/12 Fbx = ft-kips Use: Fbx = X-axis Stresses for Simple-Span: Y-axis Stress fbx = 5.62 fbx = Mx/Sx fby = ksi Lb/rt = 94.01 Lb/rt = Lb*12/rt fwns =

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"MONORAIL.xls" Program Version 1.3 Fbx = 21.60

ksi

Fbx = 12000*Cb/(Lb*12/(d/Af)) <= 0.60*Fy

fbx <= Fbx, O.K.

(continued)

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Combined Str Y-axis Stresses for Simple-Span: fby = 2.11 ksi fwns = 1.16 ksi fby(total) = 3.27 ksi Fby = 27.00 ksi S.R. = fby = My/Sy fwns = Mt*12/(Sy/2) (warping normal stress) fby(total) = fby+fwns Fby = 0.75*Fy Pv = (max) = fby <= Fby, O.K. (allow) = S.R. <= 1.0, O.K. My =

Vertical Defle

Combined Stress Ratio for Simple-Span: S.R. = 0.381 S.R. = fbx/Fbx+fby(total)/Fby

Bending Mom

Vertical Deflection for Simple-Span: Lateral Flange Pv = 6.500 kips Pv = P+Wh+Wt (without vertical impact) e= (max) = 0.1094 in. (max) = Pv/2*(L-S)/2/(24*E*I)*(3*L^2-4*((L-S)/2)^2)+5*w/12000*L^4/(384*E*I) at = (ratio) = L/1865 (ratio) = L*12/(max) Mt = (allow) = 0.4533 in. (allow) = L*12/450 Defl.(max) <= Defl.(allow), O.K. fbx = Bending Moments for Overhang: Lc = Mx = 19.65 ft-kips Mx = (Pv/2)*(Lo+(Lo-S))+w/1000*Lo^2/2 Lu = My = 1.58 My = (Ph/2)*(Lo+(Lo-S)) Lbo/rt = ft-kips fa/Fy = Lateral Flange Bending Moment from Torsion for Overhang: (per USS Steel Design Manual,Is Lbo<=Lc? 1981) e = 6.100 in. e = d/2 (assume horiz. load taken at bot. flange) Is d/tw<=allow? at = 53.354 at = SQRT(E*Cw/(J*G)) , E=29000 ksi and G=11200 ksi b/t<=65/SQRT(Fy)? Is Mt = 1.41 Mt = Ph*e*at/(d-tf)*TANH(Lo*12/at)/12 Is b/t>95/SQRT(Fy)? ft-kips Fbx = X-axis Stresses for Overhang: Fbx = fbx = 3.67 fbx = Mx/Sx Fbx = ksi Lbo/rt = 63.59 Lbo/rt = Lbo*12/rt Fbx = Fbx = 21.60 ksi Fbx = 12000*Cbo/(Lbo*12/(d/Af)) <= 0.60*Fy fbx <= Fbx, O.K. = Fbx Fbx = Y-axis Stresses for Overhang: Fbx = fby = 1.36 fby = My/Sy Use: Fbx = ksi fwns = 2.43 fwns = Mt*12/(Sy/2) (warping normal stress) Y-axis Stress ksi fby(total) = 3.79 fby(total) = fby+fwns fby = ksi Fby = 27.00 ksi Fby = 0.75*Fy fby <= Fby, O.K. = fwns fby(total) = Combined Stress Ratio for Overhang: Fby = S.R. = 0.310 S.R. = fbx/Fbx+fby(total)/Fby S.R. <= 1.0, O.K. Combined Str S.R. = Vertical Deflection for Overhang: (assuming full design load, Pv without impact, at end of overhang) Vertical Defle Pv = 6.500 kips Pv = P+Wh+Wt (without vertical impact) Pv = (max) = 0.0554 in. (max) = Pv*Lo^2*(L+Lo)/(3*E*I)+w/12000*Lo*(4*Lo^2*L-L^3+3*Lo^3)/(24*E*I) (max) = (ratio) = L/650 (ratio) = Lo*12/(max) (ratio) = (allow) = 0.0800 in. (allow) = Lo*12/450 Defl.(max) <= Defl.(allow), O.K.

Bottom Flange Bending (simplified): Bottom Flang be = 7.680 in. Min. of: be = 12*tf or S*12 (effective flange bending length) be = am = 3.355 in. am = (bf/2-tw/2)-(k-tf) (where: k-tf = radius of fillet) tf2 = Mf = 6.207 in.-kips Mf = Pw*am am = Sf = 0.524 in.^3 Sf = be*tf^2/6 Mf = fb = 11.84 ksi fb = Mf/Sf Sf = Fb = 27.00 ksi Fb = 0.75*Fy fb <= Fb, O.K. Fb = Bottom Flang

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(continued)

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"MONORAIL.xls" Program Version 1.3 xo = zo = Local Flange Local Flange Bending Stress @ Point 0: xo = -8.60 ksi xo = Cxo*Pw/ta^2 zo = zo = Czo*Pw/ta^2 0.87 ksi Local Flange Bending Stress @ Point 1: x1 = x1 = Cx1*Pw/ta^2 2.42 ksi z1 = 10.47 ksi z1 = Cz1*Pw/ta^2 Local Flange Bending Stress @ Point 2: x2 = x2 = -xo 8.60 ksi z2 = -0.87 ksi z2 = -zo Resultant Biaxial Stress @ Point 0: z = 8.38 ksi x = -6.45 ksi xz = 0.00 ksi to = 12.88 ksi Resultant Biaxial Stress @ Point 1: z = 15.58 ksi x = 1.81 ksi xz = 0.00 ksi t1 = 14.76 ksi Resultant Biaxial Stress @ Point 2: z = 7.08 ksi x = 6.45 ksi xz = 0.00 ksi t2 = 6.78 ksi (Sign convention: + = tension, - = compression) z1 = x2 = z2 = z = x = xz = to = z = x = xz = t1 = <= Fb = 0.66*Fy = 23.76 ksi, O.K. x = xz = t2 =
W24x370 W24x335

Bottom Flange Bending per CMAA Specification No. 74 (2004):

(Note: torsion is neglected)

Local Flange

Resultant Bia

Resultant Bia

z = fbx+fby+0.75*zo x = 0.75*xo xz = 0 (assumed negligible) to = SQRT(x^2+z^2-x*z+3*xz^2)

Resultant Bia

y = fbx+fby+0.75*z1 x = 0.75*x1 xz = 0 (assumed negligible) t1 = SQRT(x^2+z^2-x*z+3*xz^2)

<= Fb = 0.66*Fy = 23.76 ksi, O.K.

W24x279 W24x250 W24x229 W24x207 W24x192

z = fbx+fby+0.75*z2 x = 0.75*x2 xz = 0 (assumed negligible) t2 = SQRT(x^2+z^2-x*z+3*xz^2) Y

<= Fb = 0.66*Fy = 23.76 ksi, O.K.

W24x162 W24x146 W24x131 W24x117 W24x104 W24x103 W24x94 W24x84 W24x76

tw Pw Z Point 2 X Pw

W24x68 W24x62 W24x55 W21x402 W21x364 W21x333 W21x300 W21x275 W21x248

Point 0 Point 1 bf

tf

W21x223 W21x201 W21x182 W21x166

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W21x147

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