Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cap 19
Cap 19
!"$#%&'%()&+*,-
( R2f*)WJ
+ O \R
, -/. x1032-xvl5476Bvl
.$D?.:6
9 30<; 306--------
8
/
.0D / >=%38w
@ ? ]!>m3-
b<:!389Y----
.0D /%!B
. A3$1%!?1%2<389E3$< wj--
.0D /% / )3$<8!>D
Cm38"!?3-&?
E<387 E3$
.0D /% F
=%E? ; 57 38? <92"8 ---
/
/
F
F
MON7PQQ$PSR:TBU&VWX7V$YNR5WZ Y
[ QSU$R&\ PO]^W_\7`
a7b
k? J>? .A1%3ml
!"$#%&'%()&+*,-
njo
. x1032-xvl5476Bvl
p1qfrhp
s 6)xznO4ot xzn
u , -7vw1x
(B9E3018y K13*J>38! 39r38<9{z 93]<K9 "m|383
K ; B]>%$1%?9<3$8E!38<3
E38<93]"89383+ 30E?
1%#%}Lf>? ]>~J 38!23623$9{>z 9238<;30< ; ?E38%
>B1%35< 9 3$w#7| 351 ; $ 9 3$9 8< m
+
|3Fe!38w 1% 3$9{z 938<}1%!9# ED>? ;>J 9
3$9E
~ 3$9{z 938<;<<? 3$3-$ !E>,<w1%"
y ; ?W)
pqfr 8
l
Y
=
9
9
%
1
3
m
J
6
9
?
3
? 1% 38<38
$y 213
3 =%!:3$9 E<E?!3$1>1%3$ ; >:?38 L>1 3$9E3$< %
?
E
0
3
K
;
>
N
1
"
+
$
3
9
{
z
9
8
3
<
>
$
#
B
3
8
!
$ <9>+ 9Y:
w ? "8 E38w]1%% L!1?1%B
3 3e
? 9 3 =3$9E
$
3
9
?
>
J
?
$
3
h
>
L
8
3
?
%
1
|
?
%
1
>
3${
9 >z 9238<>
1%30<E>E<3011%308Wt9 < L
y ; -E?<303,<EY1%3
?
E
0
3
K
;
2
$
3
G
2
?
9
"
,
<
$
:
>
8
3
<
9
{
z
9
]
3
<
8
+
6
4
3
>
]
w
%
1
;
8
9
;
W
&
J?.$D ?#
L> L!93821%36!?<9381%369301%!1?;9 "369!
$
3
9
{
z
9
8
3
<
%
1
3
<
0
3
]
$
F
&
S
F
$
F
?
E
<
d
E%
"8>1%>$S# |35K ; E>38<!<923$3?<1%389 %
<
1
K
3
$
3
:
!
"
y
;
1
3
?
J
)
(
<
9
Y
$
.
D
_
e
E? w
<>,$ 9E>$
13]3$9!? ,E<3$<K ; ?C
u , -7vK,1x
/O&FS .< F$/OF7F7!FO.K [ l=Ob
=%E!|>?3E|3>#S|? ?128!$ 9>m9 <38<9{z 93]
<Y136938w5?? !59;E?9#;]>??;1%3938w5? <!
.0=D7 F $F599 1393$<5? !7
1%3083-9 E?8?#><3$,1%3-8937$y B?:0
? !
J 938<3#538<9{z 93]<Y1%3E"1%<
JS38z ! <3$83
+| 3 L "1%>| ?3 ]>73$? 9cI938w5?? !I!!8! )
38eE<%]301%3Y1%!"<y ; 2E?!938!4638E"$#d1" F &FS.<5E?<YE>><d1%338:?hy ; 1?? J;3
<y ; d1%d938w5? <!:3? 9!) ? >L 38#E>| 3-30<3-3$9
G F$/OF7F7!!.K.K [ l>=Ob
9 83 ]!38<31%31%!! <y ; )9>W1| 361%jL !1%<?
u , -7vK, x
46?Yz 9?>8#+9}1%3d 3$<e3 >%we1%3 78!?]#b;
<38:<>19F?F>%w# <9?1%F9F:?w| 3
3;38]L k| ? 1%3Y
?
| 3$8!1?
+D| 3dE?<3Y1%3
c \\Odfehggi$iifWIU&VWX7V$YONR5WZY7gjM
N7PQQ
PSR
!"$#%&'%()&+*,-
, -xx
k<
77k}$K*{71&5
:?!?1%K3$< ]1%"
y ; ?
3=%E<3$<K ; 89K 3$9>
|D jF>/K1%3 ?1%3
!w 9>
B
O
[
>
F
/
b
>
$
=
j
<3Jw 1% 53$9 <38"y ; Y 3 :?38L ? 1%*|3
_> B?OJ>923$3#;8?1"
y ; ;E w53$<8!>&E%
.
. [ Ib
<387E3$B33$L!3 ?
# >30]3$?1%
O
[ /O&FS.'
bF/
<389>
3 ?#
: . [ b O
[ D$b [ /O&FS .'
b
F>/'m$}
!D
C 9F3$<8!m
C 38"!?3
38L 3$K; <38"]!
m
?>1E
/$&F7! .< #G>L 389>j| 32 ; 3%= !3
E 38w <`
3$7E9238 9
<YE?<2|> 3$<<1%?>3$<8
+>w #<389>
"E><9 <3$838B293$9Y!38?<?
O
1%33 ? 9A]>?< <3U
~ !?,923$>E? <3$83
E>| ?3
1%9!89 3$9E#b3 >;E><>L ?#
3Y938<? #353KJ> L?,mw3;
? %f
m
_&
c \\Odfehggi$iifWIU&VWX7V$YONR5WZY7gjM
N7PQQ
PSR
!D
D I
|3<38308<K1%39%1%3K| L
w1%1%303" 1%C
, -1xxw
,-7vIS
5S 7 $
&
,-7vK,7GG
!"$#%&'%()&+*,-
#
=S =?.< .
l$
.$=
[ 0. =Ob [ l=$b
k
[ b
[ .$=$b [ .O l}.0= b [ =mA/=Ob
=S =>=
F
B
]9
G
.$=7 ==>DDh.0=
[ .0=Ob [
. l$
.$= b
/ =D
/ =D OlOlOmC
,-7vw x
+ "
+ + - " - + -
13>?1%3->:%3$92 C
+ 1+. - + - +
F / DD>/
[
.0D2}
.0= b [ /7 D>D>/Ob1 [ .>.0}.0= b [ FOb
#
3#
F
F$ C
+>w 2Y389E38w<<2E<%]w1?3 ?
I/
:F
F$jF
>= C
, -7vw-x
4638"11333
? 9<<t1%L"1%"1IE L!93 Cm9
L
>
!
9
h
3
1
38E38?1%31389E38w<<?#
1%38"113
|?]>?!1%3$<9>W)3<|>y ; 1?63=%E? ?K ; ?E3$
w
Y
9
^
:
8
3
?
9
%
1
8
3
E
381%3
A <3 >| ?3#B3 A3$9E3$< w
8! #?89 8383$><3-1%351%!! <
y ;
L " ,1%3 #*L <!y ; 11%3$?"1>1%3-3$G ?
..O /DY89
41%3 "
y ; 1%351%3$?!1>1%394*: 7 >:%3$9>
!"$#%&'%()&+*,-
>
|
? 38N1+<38"
y ; 30W>]!96E%1%3,3$N?<1E?
"
"<:3? #S"43
? EL
w21%3]<38<92!?I
+>3%= 389E!?#%?< 1%2123$9 [ Obm3$9>$C
, - v1, ,-7v>=?= G'
8 [ .$==$b
I
=S =>=.KlS
A <3{| 3{| ??1% 3$92E38w<w 139_@ ? | !1
,
?
E
<
2
%
1
8
3
8
3
<
9
I
R
!30 0#E%1%389>?92!93$1%"w 938<3|3FA %
S
938E38w]3$><? ? ? <3$2385
? 1%:<1%2938 ~j938 ? ]>9E!938 3 ? 11 E>R
E38w]38<? !?3$ 0#%3 =7 F
FE
? ]3 83$31%3F3%= E??; }!!3$
Ae!z <9 !923$3#E%1%389>L3$z"<689E? w 1%B 1 R1 L #>?31% 3U 32? 3F
938<K1%32<389E3$< w2
+
? <9;?!>
w
/ =7 ==?.Kl
MB CM
* /%/ [ /
b [ =7 ==?.Kl$b5 =7 F
Ek
A <E?| 3 }? 938< 1%3 E3$<@ ? %1%>5389 F =e1%"YE?
e
!"$#%&'%()&+*,-
l 2 $. = 3 #
, - v1x
>w #
+
A <3|>?3#36>89E<93$><>b1361%?>: <<>
l 2}.0= =7 ?./
,9
1%393$" "1 3$3$><3$; 5!$>L 38w9383BE?>E><8
#
.$D2 .$=
?!d>38?<3$E3$[<>L >83 ]!38<3$1%3e1%!"<y ;
l 2}.0= # =7 ./
,9
!30 0#
@ 93$93$9E3$< w?!8! #-1% 3$3$
8y 5389
#
..0 .$=
]>9E!938}38<3 3$!>Y38 ? 93$9?#<%12
#
3$9E3$< w$ _> 6
9 "13L 3$9|3$>]>92E?!938% 1 ?1%3<w 9>
1%3 ?9 :? <we1%3F]y }3 >%we1%3K"K; }}= 6
C #
<!| 3#:| ?| 3$ <389E3$< w#6`1% 38<38
$y `1%3
1 =7 F=69
]>9E!9383 =7 F =Y9
E
8
3
YE w289 [ &W?J .0Dw.K6a .0D_>F /Ob]b +351!'z ?]"
.
V
e jR cR jR [ .^"} b GR
>
?
%
1
>
3
#
3
?
]
"
<
?
#
I
E
K
3
|
$
3
?
8
<
!
:
y ; 1%I<38<9
V
[ } b 1%30E<38701?mC 9|"<?#3>J 3
e R /R * cR /OR
=S >F =B9
3>L >30z1%83 83$><3$ 1?1%3>:%3$928!9383| 3
_> 38?1:t
1%3-3= E ?K ; 1%8y 23-1%"< ; 11>E
e R T /%*
CXZ\Y [ .>.0}
.0= ]
3#
F7 /
P / [ /
. .$= b [ F>/Ob
3
3#
}
.0= 9 Y
]9
8B^ j
.$D2 .$= #
`_
A 1%3$E<3870 b-<38<9
n X N7`SR'\3PFo p C 38$y -8<>m%V
:389
3$9q 3L 3" j| ; >J <?1%33,? -1% 38<38
$y 1<3$<>1%
[ .0DOb [ ..'b*}.0= [
>]!9
=7 F =$b
[ .$D ..'b*}
V
.0=
3#
, -7vIrx
c \\Odfehggi$iifWIU&VWX7V$YONR5WZY7gjM
N7PQQ
PSR
!"$#%&'%()&+*,-
_> ()< ?1%6]y )3"K; ?#1%!938?>3?9):? <w,]92 O8y 21*Jw'L!1>1%3]::39? 4 S 7#%1%37 3 ?
? d1%3$?"1>1% 3Y1%3Y9<d1
E><1%3/7 89|3-]383$351%3-1%!! <y ; 2!30 kL!93Y1 ]:K34 32
?
9
?
!
?
~
$
3
9
E
%
=
)
%
1
B
9
3$<5? !,]:3Q? 4?x sy #
@
3] 38L.<F. .$=
S 3,?
#
>?1%3
4?x 3,? -1%3$?"1>1%3B1%3,9<1%-93$<5? !?#O
"G L <!y ; 89E<93$>< 1 :? << ]92 ? 30)1%391>z>]30W18:?# 3
y3? )E? ?1%"113
E><3? 11?YE
13:93$<K ; # 1%392%1%m| 3sy <3$83j>L !931
93$<5? !1%3$%$1%
~ ]:3$GK
|
? 3$9 3K| !@ ? :?!?#z1392%1%{| 3F9>J
"i51
<?1%3211%?>B >
$y 35
? 93$9?C;4 7z4?x sy
%:?!?1%327 { 33q 3$S < 3=%E<3$S <K ;
[ " b7
>:%3$9>
+>%<!>1%?#w 9;:f38? 9 <389>| 3
4
y
4 x
:8 [ "Kbl}
<J
y
y
y
.y
| 4 | .4Fx3D|
x
4
4
|
|
|
_> *,383083KL381%),3=E?30K ; )>]!9,3?< 1%))
| 3D1 #>:%3$9>
4
4
4?x .4 4 4 x 4?x
[ b
4
B
F
4
?
9@ ? !?
1%21%38E38?1383$923$3#:?!?1%3 8U
%
3
J
?
?
%
1
?#139%1%d ? !
>J ?#E? w2293$<5? !Y389
?3=E?30K ; 2]!92E? w.mC
.>.^ .KF [
.4 x B 47 xx 27 x
D
7
=
/
b
.>.^ .$D
c \\Odfehggi$iifWIU&VWX7V$YONR5WZY7gjM
N7PQQ
PSR
k? J>?`1%3ml
!"$#%&'%()&+*,-
[ /Ob [ /
F2}
.0= b [ =Ob
3#
/
.$= ]9 =7 /O;
99
1%3-?< 9>2<>| ?3m
F / =j /O = =
`l / l
N wFe:!%]U?v ??1%e
938w5? <! /$ =
#E38!
!?O@ ? E!1%3AB| 9301%3$
[
C E1@ ? !F.<O[b #3$923E? w; >
$y Y13-389E %= $C C
C4 y : ^ j4 ^O
S
S
S
1%3->?1%3!<9>
4 ^
/ .}.0= [
y :
=7 /
b
I
=S = Y9
4
.KF7 }
.0=
C 9y: =S = 9 <38E?303$>we/ =Fr
m
E 1%363 =7 /F9F#
L3$9>f| 36]?:23$G2? ]>9 / =E 12?Y30w;:%
938w?
c \\Odfehggi$iifWIU&VWX7V$YONR5WZY7gjM
N7PQQ
PSR
.4 ^ /<4 ^ [ /Ob
>K3 ?#7| 3
.4Ly<4L.y
%:?!?1%530<3B<3$w1%--| [ /
bN>]!9?#>3J>3
.4LCy.y4L
.4LCy.y4L
.4L
6504 y.y4L
F$4
e/>$4
!504L
e/>$4
^ $4 ^
c5i4 4 4 L ^ y4
>K3
e/>$4 ^
5BQ4 ^ %/ ^ 4 ^
4
4 4 ^ 5 /% ^
.y
.y /7 O. $. = 9
=S /
6929