IN THE NAME OF GOD

External flow pass bodies Course:experimental of fluid mechanics Dr.akhlaghi Presented by:mohammad varzideh May 2011

MAIN TOPICS:
1.General characteristics of flow 2.Boundary layer characteristics 3.Lift and Drag

Internal Flows
Internal flows The flow passes through a closed area. One seeks :
1) the flow pattern in an object through which the fluid flows. 2) The focus is often not on lift and drag, but on energy or head losses, pressure drops, and cavitations where energy is dissipated, because in internal flow, energy or work is used to move fluid through passages. 3) the pattern of viscous action in the fluid as it passes in a body

Internal flow characteristics

1)In internal flows The boundary layer fills the entire flow area 2) With uniform cross-section, fluid flow reaches a fully developed state (velocity and wall shear constant, not the function of distance. 3) Flow is associated with an overall pressure drop between crosssections .

External Flows
External flows Flows around the object which is completely surrounded by the fluid. One seeks : 1) the flow pattern around an object immersed in the fluid 2) the lift and drag on the object 3) the pattern of viscous action in the fluid as it passes around a body 4) In this case, energy or work is used typically to move the object through the fluid.

External flow characteristics

1)The boundary layer is confined in a thin zone around the surface. 2)The boundary layer thickness increases without bound downstream 3)Flow can never reach fully developed state but it can be selfsimilar (e.g. along the flat plate, in a free jet or in a mixing layer)

External flow applications

1)Design of cars and trucks to decrease the fuel consumption and improve the handling characteristics 2)

Internal vs. External Flows

In internal flow with uniform cross-section, fluid flow reaches state (velocity and wall shear constant, not a fully developed function of distance,x). but in external flow the boundary layer thickness increases without bound downstream.

Definition of boundary layer: A region in fluid flow where the flow is disturbed by surface,due to viscous effect .The flow past on object can be treated as a combination of viscous flow in inviscid flow else where.