The structure of the atom

1. books Light electricity air water pens chair

a) Matter is anything that has volume and weight, from the words in the box above, choose the correct example of matter and write the answer in the space given. Example of matter : 1) . 2) . 3) . 4) . 5) . (5 marks) b) (i) Elementary particles that make up matter may be an atom, molecule or ion. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. a) An atom is the ...particles of an element that can participate in a chemical reaction. b) A molecule is a group of ..which are chemically bonded together. c) An ion is a a positively charged or . charged particle. (6 marks) (ii) Underline the correct answer with the correct specification:a) NaCl ( atom , molecule , ion ) b) Cu ( atom , molecule , ion ) c) O2( atom , molecule , ion ) (3 marks) d) Evidence movement of particles is diffusion. Diffusion is a random movement of particles from a region of ( high, low ) concentration to a region ( high, low ) concentration. (2 marks) c) (i) 3 states of matter, there are :-

______________

_____________

_____________ (3 marks)

(ii)

Fill in the blanks with the word in the box below. Far apart Medium Easily difficult very strong strong very weak low high very closely disorderly

States Arrangement of particles Forces of attraction between particles Density Compressibility

Solid Particles are orderly and .packed together. .. forces. .. Not compressible

Liquid Particles are closely but ........ packed together.

Gas Particles are in a random arrangement. . forces. compressed. (11 marks)

.. forces but weaker than in solid. . .to compress. T

(iii) SOLID

P LIQUID R Name the following process correctly : a) P : ______________process b) Q : ______________process c) R : ______________process d) S : ______________process e) T : ______________process

Q GAS S

( 10 marks )

(d)

Temperature(C ) K

boiling point freezing point

M N O P Time(min)

The cooling curve of naphthalene Based on the figure above, circle the correct answer. Section of the cooling curve 1) At point K 2) Between points K and L 3) At point L (Condensation starts) 4) Between points L and M 5) At point M (Condensation is completed) 6) From point M to N 7) At point N ( Freezing starts) 8) Between points N and O 9) At point O ( Freezing is complete ) 10) Between points Q and P physical state (Gas ; Liquid ) (Solid ; Gas ) ( Gas + liquid ; Liquid + solid ) ( Gas + liquid ; Liquid + solid ) ( Solid ; Liquid ) ( Solid ; Liquid ) ( Gas + liquid ; Liquid + solid ) ( Gas + liquid ; Liquid + solid ) ( Solid ; Liquid ) ( Solid ; Liquid ) ( 10 marks)

(e) Temperature (C ) F Boiling point B Melting point A The heating curve of naphthalene Based on the figure above, circle the correct answer. Section of the cooling curve 1) At point A 2) Between points A and B 3) At point B ( melting starts ) 4) Between points B and C 5) At point C ( melting is completed ) 6) From points C to D 7) At point D ( Boiling starts ) 8) Between points D and E 9) At point E ( boiling is completed ) 10) Between points E and F physical state ( Solid ; Liquid ) ( Solid ; Liquid ) (Solid + Liquid ; Solid + Gas ) (Solid + Liquid ; Solid + Gas ) ( Solid ; Liquid ) ( Solid ; Liquid ) (Solid + Liquid ; Liquid + Gas ) (Solid + Liquid ; Liquid + Gas ) ( Solid ; Gas ) ( Solid ; Gas ) ( 10 marks ) Time (min) C D E

2. Underline and match the word with the correct discovery of each scientist. J. J .Thomson Discover of neutron

Ernest Rutherford

Discover of electron

James Chadwick

Discover of proton ( 3 marks )

3. (i) An atom is made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Complete the following table Sub-atomic particles Proton Neutron Electron
A

Symbol p n

Position Nucleus shell

Charge None Negative

X
z

Symbol of element

(ii) The symbol form above shows the standard representation for an atom. State what is represented by A and Z. A : _______________number B : _______________number (iii) What is the relationship between the nucleon number and proton number of an atom? Nucleon number = _________________ + ____________________ ( 7 marks )

(iv) Proton number and electron number for each element is the same. Complete the following table Element Calcium Silver Potassium Symbol Ca Ag K Symbol form 40 Ca 20 108 Ag 47 Proton 20 47 19 29 Nucleon 40 61 20 Neutron

Mg Lead

24 Mg 12 207 Pb 82

12 82

24 207

12 125

( 5 marks ) 4. a)Underline the correct answer. (i) Isotopes are atoms of the same ( element ; electron ) with different numbers of ( neutrons , proton ). (ii) Isotopes for certain elements have ( similar ; different ) chemical properties but have ( different ; similar ) physical properties. (iii) The electrons in the outermost occupied shell are known as the ( 5 marks ) b) Table below shows the proton and nucleon numbers. Determine the isotopes pair from table. ELEMENT P Q R S PROTON NUM 6 7 6 8 NUCLEON NUM 12 14 13 16 ( 2 marks )

Answer : The isotopes pair are

5. Fill in the blanks with the correct words. a) (i)The way electrons are arranged in an atom is called as .. (ii) The first shell is the one nearest to the nucleus. It can hold a maximum of .electrons. (iii) The second shell can hold a maximum of ..electrons. ( 3 marks ) b) Complete the table below. Element Carbon Proton num 6 Electron arrangement Atomic structure

Chlorine 2.8.7

Magnesium

12

Beryllium

2.2

Calcium

20

( 10 marks ) c) From the table above, determine the valence electron of each element. i) Carbon : __________ ii) Chlorine : __________ iii) Magnesium : __________ iv) Beryllium : __________ v) Calcium : ___________

( 5 marks )