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    Antony Pulido
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    Gamma and lambda are measures of association that can be used to analyze the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Gamma indicates the strength and direction of the association for ordinal variables, with a higher number indicating less error in the independent variable. Lambda is typically used for nominal variables to measure the reduction in error. The elaboration model examines whether changes in an independent variable cause changes in a dependent variable, noting that correlation does not necessarily imply causation and a third uncontrolled variable could produce a spurious relationship.

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    Gamma and lambda are measures of association that can be used to analyze the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Gamma indicates the strength and direction of the association for ordinal variables, with a higher number indicating less error in the independent variable. Lambda is typically used for nominal variables to measure the reduction in error. The elaboration model examines whether changes in an independent variable cause changes in a dependent variable, noting that correlation does not necessarily imply causation and a third uncontrolled variable could produce a spurious relationship.

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    16 views1 page

    3 19 Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Antony Pulido
    Gamma and lambda are measures of association that can be used to analyze the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Gamma indicates the strength and direction of the association for ordinal variables, with a higher number indicating less error in the independent variable. Lambda is typically used for nominal variables to measure the reduction in error. The elaboration model examines whether changes in an independent variable cause changes in a dependent variable, noting that correlation does not necessarily imply causation and a third uncontrolled variable could produce a spurious relationship.

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    Read sections on Chi Square, Gamma & Lambda Measures of association: P.R.E.

    = Proportion Levels of Error measurement (gamma & lambda) Gamma gives you a positive or negative. A greater number in Gamma gives you a better indication of variation in the independent variable. Used for Ordinal. Lambda is usually known for Nominal. Association that tell you by how much you can reduce error values of the independent variable

    Elaboration Model
    Your independent variable causes change in dependent variable. Confusion between causation and correlation. Classical experiment explains cause (introducing stimulus to one group and not the other and recording the data) The cause must come before the effect in order to establish causation. The two variables must be imperically related. (when one changes the other changes) The imperical relationship between the two variables, cannot be explained by a third variable that causes both of them. (spurious- illegitimate) Spurious- control for the third variable the dependent and independent variable disappears. Intervening variable-

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