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  • Book of Ngwe

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    aye_lamin100
    72 views87 pages
    The document contains a long string of random numbers repeated many times over without any other discernible content or context.

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    The document contains a long string of random numbers repeated many times over without any other discernible content or context.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    72 views87 pages

    Book of Ngwe

    Uploaded by

    aye_lamin100
    The document contains a long string of random numbers repeated many times over without any other discernible content or context.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 87

    98765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321

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    wu,fhvufawG@u ajym&if ,iftefu qkwfay;+yD; &efoltrsm;ukd owfuGif;xJ oGif;acsr_ef;awmh ,if tefvnf; jyef&w,f? u|eawmfw@dk uawmh wqkwwnf;qkw+f y;D b,f+rKd @rS jyefr&yg? +rKd @udk taoukiwmrsKd ;[m rSm;,Gi;f ovkd tvG,wul vufvwwm f f df f $ f rSm;ygw,f? wifhum; awG/ tajrmufawG/ puf}uD;awG/ cJ,rf;awGukdvnf; wefjyefxkd;ppftwGuf qkd+yD;t0Suf ckdfif;ygw,f? 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('ga=umifh u|efawmfwkd@ ta&S@ajrmuf ppfa'o a&mufawmh pcef;ukd0dkif;+yD; &efol@wyful wkdufenf;(acsr_ef;enf;)ukd t"du usifhoHk; cJhw,f?) tJ'Dumvu 2 ESpftwGif; ppfEkdifa&;qkdwm A[kdqHk;jzwfcsuf r[kwfbl;vkd@ ajymygw,f? 'gayr,fh u|efawmfwkd@ wyfawGukd A[kdacgif;aqmifrsm; v_H@aqmfwmuawmh aocsmw,f? A[kdjynfol@obif tzG@J u oDcsif;awGvnf; t+rJ =um;ae wmyJ? wyfr}uD; 1 rSm wvwyGJwkdufzkd@ pDrHudef;cswm wu,f&SdcJhwmyg? yxr v,fa0; wkdufckdif;w,f? 'DyGJawGEkdif&if ysOf;rem;ukd odrf;r,fvkd@ ajym=uwmyg? wu,fhvufawG@ wkdufwJhtcgrSmvnf; wyftiftm;pk+yD; omvGefwJhenf;eJ@ wkdufuGufazmfwm r[kwf yg? wyf&if;awGvkduf tvSnfhus wkdufckdif;enf; vkyfchJw,f? u|efawmfwkd@ ppfwkdufwhJ yGawGrSm b,facgif;aqmifrSvnf; rvm=uyg? (wyfr[mr; awmif rygyg)? J v,fa0;wkdufyGJ 2 yGJ? vrf;ysOf;rem; wyGJ(+rdK@uav;awGukd 0ifwkdufwJhyGJ) ratmifjrifawmh &efol v_yf&Sm;pOfwkduf qkd+yD; um;vrf;(&efol)ukd csHKckdwkdufyGJawG vkyfckdif;ygw,f? 'gvnf; tiftm;pk+yD; aoaocsmcsm wkdufuGuf azmfwm r[kwfyg? wyf&if;awGyJ tvSnfhuswkdufckdif;ygw,f? u|efawmfwkd@ wyf&if;awGu oGm;wkduf =uwJhtcg &efoloGm;aeus um;vrf;ab;rSm vmwwfwmukd rSe;f qwGucsuf apmi }hf udKwkuyrsKd ; om vkyavhvyx &Scw,f? &eforcs v_y&m;vmatmif zdtm;ay;/ v_y&m;vmwJh &efoudk wkuwenf; f d f JG f k f d hJ lk f S f S l d f hJ r[kwyg? (Oyrm - pcef;0ki;f +yD; zdtm;ay;/ &efol wyfuvm&m vrf;ukd wkuuuazmfwmrsKd ; r[kwyg? &efo@l y@kd aqmifa&;vrf;ukd wyftcsKd @u f d l d f G f f ukdifxm;+yD; wyfwcsdK@u v_yf&Sm;vmwJh &efolukd wkdufwmrsdK;vnf; r[kwf cJhyg?) ppfwkduf&if &efol@owif;qkdif&m ykdufuGefaumif;aumif; wnfaqmuf&r,f? wduswJhowif;tcsuf&Sd&if csHKckdwkdufyGJ[m (eD;&mwyfo;kH +yD;) wku&if tusKd ;&Sd wwfyg w,f? rSe;f qwGucsuf apmif}h udKwkuenf;rsKd ; rvkywm taumif;qH;k yg? ryki&if rwkue@J qkwhJ d f f d f f df d f d ppfa&;vrf;nefukd qkyfukdifoifhw,f? (u|efawmf yJcl;kd;r aepOfu cHpm;csufukd jyefvnfowd&vkd@ tvsOf;oifhwmeJ@ a&;vkdufrdwmyg)? &JabmfaiGu 3 vGef;wif/ 2 vGef;wif xrif;ta=umif;ajymawmh 'Dumv A[kdtajccHa'orSm aecJh=u&wJh &Jabmftm;vHk; twlcpm;&wJh 'kuyg? tJ'we;f u usnawmifuef+rdK@e,fu xrif;xkyukd v,fa0;taemufjcrf;avmuftxd o,f au|;&wmrsKd ;jzpfcawmh H Q D k f f hJ reufpm nrS a&mufw,f? xrif;[if;wcsdK@u okd;ukefw,f? wcsdK@&ufawG weyfompm;vkduf&w,f? au'gawG/ ygwD0ifawG pHjyvkyfjy=uzkd@ u|eawmfw@dk u ae@wi;f v_@H aqmf&w,f? au'gtrsm;pk[m uk,a&mifa&m*g/ 0rf;ukuf a&m*g/ iSuzsm;a&m*g pG=J uw,f? wcsKd @usq;kH ukew,f? f dk d f d f f u|efawmf i,fpOfu usef;rm a&; vkdufpm;olyg? v,fa0;a'o a&muf+yD; 3 vavmuft=umrSm a&m*g 3 rsdK;vHk; pGJuyfcJhw,f? 6 vavmuf=umawmh tqkyfa&m*gyg &vmawmhw,f? 'Da&m*gawGukd wkwfjynf ynmawmfoif a&mufrS ukoaysmufuif; oGm;ygw,f? tpmtdrfa&m*ge@J iSufzsm;'%fa=umifh qHyif u|wfwmuawmh &moufyef tarGtjzpf usef&pfqyg? J ysOf;rem;ckdif vlxk[m tvGefaumif;ygw,f? ckdifygwDuvnf; tvGef pnf;Hk;a&; aumif;ygw,f? Oya'wGif; umvwkef;u ygwD&J@ v$wfawmftrwf 7-OD;xJrSm ysOf;rem;ckdifu 4 OD;yg0ifw,f? 'Da'oukd acgif;aqmifolawGuvnf; vl=unfndK cH&olawGyg? ocifwifxe;f / ocifazwif/h ocifwif&/D &Jabmf&xe;f pwJh acgi;f aqmifaumif;awGyg? v,form;or*~awGe@J acgi;f aqmifawGudk umuG,whJ G J G f wyf[m wjynfvHk;rSm tiftm;tawmifhqHk;yg? aus;&Gmtrsm;pk[m Oya'wGif; umv rSm tr_tcif;&Sd&if ygwDHk;awGrSm vma&muf ajz&Sif;avh&Sdygw,f? tJ'Dwkef;u vlxkeJ@ ygwDukd umuG,fa&; wm0efcH[m &Jabmf (OD;)&JxGef;yg? &Jabmfodef;xkduf (uG,fvGef)u ckdifw&m;ol}uD;yg? 1971 ckEprm &Sr;f jynfawmifyi;f eJ@ tv,fyi;f ajymufusm;a'orS acgi;f aqmif&abmfrsm; u|eawmfw@dk ta&S@ ajrmufppfa'oukd S f S dk dk J f a&mufvmw,f? yxrqHk; a&mufvmolawGu &Jabmfarmifarmifav;(ppfukdif;)/ OD;&JxGef;(ysOf;rem;)/ OD;armif armifpdef(uG,fvGef/ awmifil)/ OD;cifnKd (kjrif;+cH) wk@d ygy? tm;vH;k [m u|eawmf tvGeawG@csiaeolawG jzpfru awmfvea&; 'Da&us umv&Sn}f uD;ukd }uH@}uH@cicif &yfwnf J f f f kH S f dk f dk jzwfoef;vm=uolawGyg? u|efawmf[m 1300jynfh ta&;awmfyHkumvu pxif+yD; EkdifiHa&;e,fy,fxJ a&mufvmolyg? 'ga=umifh 1951 txd t*Fvdyfe,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;/ *syefzufqpf awmfvSefa&;wkdufyGJrsm;eJ@ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDwkdufyGJrsm;twGif; txufyg &Jabmf}uD; rsm;(acgif;aqmifrsm;)eJ@ b0wlawGyg? awmfvSefa&;b0twGif; tEW&m,ftrsdK;rsdK;/ tcuftcJ qif;&J'kuQtrsdK;rsdK;ukd jzwfcJhzl; =uw,f? jynfwGif;jynfy &efoltrsdK;rsdK;ukd wkdufchJzl;=uw,f? csHKajym&ifawmh awmfvSefa&;&J avmu"H trsdK;rsdK;ukd jzwfausmf cJhzl;=uw,f? 'gayr,fh u|efawmf[m awmfvSefa&;&J@ twuftus umvwkdom }uHKcJhzl;olyg? olwkd@vkd awmfvSefa&; tusumv&Snf}uD;rsdK; rjzwfoef;cJhzl;ygbl;? ta=umif;uawmh 1951 Zlvkdifv 1 &ufrSm u|efawmf wkwfjynfukd (ygwD&J@ wm0ef ay;csuft&) rmhufpfvDeif0g' avhvma&; 6

    xGufoGm;&vdk@ygyJ? awmfvea&; tusumv&Sn}f uD;ukd vkuyg ausmeif;&wm[m wu,fyif rvG,vygb;l ? awmfvea&;xJyg&if tEW&m,ftrsKd ;rsKd ;/ Sf d f f f S Sf tcuftcJ trsdK;rsdK;uawmh }uHK&p+rJyJ? txl;ojzifh tusumv &Snfw,fqkd&if tEW&m,fuvnf; t}udrf }udrf}uHK&/ tcuftcJ trsdK;rsdK;ukdvnf; t}udrf}udrf}uHK&/ twGif;ydyuQrsdK;pHkukdvnf; &ifqkdif&wwfygw,f? u|efawmfhb0 tawG@t}uHKt& ajym&&if tEW&m,f}uHKvm&if/ tcuftcJ}uHKvm&if toufpe@f z@dk txd qH;k jzwfvu&if r+zHKawmhyg? (aouH ra&muf &ifawmh) ausmeif;Ekiawmhwmygy? G dk f f df J tcuftcJqHk;uawmh ygwDwGif; ydyuQ}uHKwJhtcg ykd+yD;cufygw,f? rdrd taetxm;t& ajz&Sif;EkdifpGrf;vnf;r&Sd? tvGefw&m pdwf_yf&ygw,f? (1958 ta0; a&muf ygwDA[kdtwGif; tuGt+yJ}uHKawmh u|efawmfwcsdK@nawGrSm ikdzl;ygw,f)? 'ga=umifh u|efawmf[m J awmfvSefa&;tus umv&Snf}uD;xJrSm vkdufygausmfeif; vmcJholawGukd tawmfpmemygw,f? u|efawmfe@J OD;&JxGef;/ OD;armifarmifpdefwkd@ cifrifr_[m tJ'Dvkd b0aemufcHatmufrSm jzpfay:cJhwmyg? OD;&JxGef; 71 cka&mufvm+yD; &Srf;jynfawmifydkif;udk jyefqif;oGm;w,f? 'kwd,tokwf a&mufvmawmh/ &Jabmf r=unfav;[m &JabmfaiGtjzpfe@J ygvm ygw,f? 'ghjyifol@ukd rHk*la'orSm (,m,D)aezkd@ ygwDA[kdu wm0efay;ygw,f? 'Dumv u oHvGiftaemufjcrf; ne=f um;a&;tzG@J udk u|eawmf wm0efc& ygw,f? 'ga=umifh ESpaygi;f 20 avmuf Armjynf awmfvea&; vufawG@ b0tajctae t&yf&yfudk f H f S f &JabmfaiGxHrS tawmfyif pHkpHkvifvif od&ygw,f? &efol@xkd;ppf t}udrf}udrf }uHK&wmawG/ A[kdtajccHa'o a&$@ajymif;&wm awG/ usqHk;oGm;wJh acgif;aqmifrsm; ta=umif;awG =um;od&wJhtjyif 1955 - 56 umvrSm acgif;aqmifrsm;/ au'grsm;&J@ tdrfaxmifawGukd +rdK@ay:jyefoGm;ckdif;wJh ta=umif; =um;&awmh tawmfyif &ifeifhp&m tjzpftysufawG ygvmygw,f? awmf vSefa&; tusumvrSm trsdK;orD;rsm;/ uav;rsm;[m ykd+yD;'kuQ a&muf=u &ygw,f? 0rf;enf;zG,fyg? Oyrm - trsdK;orD;rsm;/ uav;rsm;ukd +rdK@jyefydk@awmh &efoltkyf pkd;wJha'o jyef=u&+yD; pm;a&;aea&;uvnf;cuf/ &efoluvnf; ppfa=um ar;jref;/ +cdrf;ajcmufwmawGvnf;cH&/ rsufESmi,fb0 a&muf=u&yHkawG =um;od& ygw,f? 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    13

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    14

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    [kdrSmjrifvm;? tdrf }uD;(wac:avmufa0;wJh ae&mu oGyfrkd;tdrf}uD;ukd vufndK;xkd;jy&if;) tJ'Dtdrf}uD; [m +rdK@ay:u ysOf;rem;+rdK@u olaX;OD;&efatmif(ukvm;vlrsKd;)&J@tdrf}uD;yJ? tJ'D olaX;rdom;pk pm;zkd@pkduf xm;wmav tarh 'Dpyg;cif;}uD;u tJ'DolaX;}uD;rdom;pk ukd,fwkdif vmpkdufxm;wm vm; [if tar}uD;u toHxGufatmif &,fvkdufw,f? +yD;awmhrSquf+yD; b,fu vm pkduf&rSmvJ at? ighorD;uvnf; olaX;ygqkdae? wkd@qif; &Jom;awGuyJ tpu tqHk; pyg;ukd pyg;usDxta&muf J oGif;ay;/ vkyfay; &wm ayghath u|efr[m tar}uD;ajymwmawGukd em;axmif&if; &ifxJrSmwrsKd;}uD; cHpm; &ygw,f? tJ'Dqif;&Jom;qkdwJh v,form;awGukd pmemovkdvkd cHpm;&ygw,f? a=omf ukd,fpkdufwhJ pyg;awmif ukd,frpm;&bl;vkd@y? jzpfrSjzpf&av J tarh tJ'Dqif;&Jom;awGu ukd,fpkdufay;wJh pyg;av;awmif ukd,frpm; &bl;qkd rpkdufay;eJ@aygh? 'DvkdyJ aeaygh a=omf ighajr;av;u em;rSrvnfyukd; uG@J ? wkd@qif;&Jom;awGu rvkyf ay;yJae&if b,fuvm aiG&awmhrvJ? tJ'Dvkd J aiGr&&if qefwkd@/ qDwkd@/ qm;wkd@ bmeJ@oGm;0,frvJ? +yD;awmh t0wftxnf 0,fzkd@aum a=omf-'Dvqawmh [kwayom;yJ? tar}u;D u pum;ukd c%jzwfxm; vku&if; ab;ywf0ef;usiudk vku=f unfae ygw,f? +y;D awmhrS dk dk f d f f d h [krm=unfav igajr;av; jrifw,f r[kwvm;/ }uHcif;awGav? b,favmufrsm;vJ? 'gawGtm;vH;k [m 'DoaX;}uD;yJyiwmyJ d S h h f l dk f [kwfw,ftarh 'DolaX;}uD;u odyfqkd;w,f? }uHwacsmif;csKd;&if '%faiG 5usyfwJh? rae@u acsmif;ua&csKd;+yD;tjyef u|efr }uHpm;csifw,fqkdvkd@ rraxG;(a'G;av; ti,fqHk;yg? 'ga=umifh a'G;av;rac:bJ rraxG;vkd@ac:&ygw,f)ukd ylqmawmh aeOD;ath-vljywfrS ckd;csKd;ay;r,f? vlrdoGm;vkd@ oGm;wkdif&if/ nnf;}uHwacsmif; aiG 5usyf-awmh 'geJ@yJ u|efrvnf; rpm;&awmhygbl;? trav; ighajr;&,f? olaX;qkdtm;vHk; twlwlygy? 'DolaX;rS ykdqkd;wm r[kwf ygbl;uG,f J xkdtckduf tdrf}uD;bufu tvkyform;(&Gmom;) av;-ig;a,muf &Gmbuf ukd jyefoGm;=uwmukd awG@vkduf&awmhtarh [krm=unfygO;D ? }u}H uwzu vlawG wqki;f (}u}H uwzwif }uwf olu}uw/f rD;xk;d oluxk;d / csuoucsu/f tvkywvy&wJh dS h d f dk d d f dk G d d f l f JG k f tzG@J ukd wqkdif;[k ac:yg w,f)awmif jyefoGm;+yD? 'D&Gmu vlawGtm;vHk;[m 'DolaX;}uD;&J@ }udwfzkd}uD;rSmyJ tm;vHk; tvkyfvkyf=u&w,faemf tarh 'gaygh ighajr;&J@? nnf;wkd@ OD;av;}uD;tyg 'Dw&GmmvHk;[m 'DolaX;}uD;ukd rSDckdvkyfukdif pm;aomufae&wm [kwygw,f? w&GmvH;k [m 'DoaX;}u;D ukyJ rDcvyuipm;aomufae =u&wm? rk;d wGi;f qkvnf; 'DoaX;}u;D &J@v,frm vky/f rk;d ukeawmh f l d S dk k f dk f d l S f 'DolaX;}uD;&J@ }uH cif;awGrSm? tJ'Du+yD;awmh 'D}uH}udwfzkd}uD;rSm u|efr[m olaX;&J@ tdrf}uD;ab;u w *sKef;*sKef; eJ@jrnf+yD; rD;ckd;aiG@awG wvlvlxGufaewJh }uH}udwfzkd}uD;ukd vSrf;=unfh&if; eJ@tarh 'Dmu vltm;vH;k [m wESpywfv;kH 'DoaX;}uD;&J@ tvkyawGuyJ vkyae&wJh v,fuvawGyaemf? [kd [kd wrsK;d ajym&if G f l f dk f l D J 'DolaX;}uD;&J@ u|efawGyaemf J [kwfwmaygh ighajr;av;&,f? [kd; t&ifwkef;uawmh 'D&Gmu vlawGGtm;vHk;[m v,fykdif,mykdifawGtjzpfeJ@ aecJh=uwm? aysmfp&m}uD;yJayghat? tar}uD; u awmifbufukd vufnKd;xkd;jyvkduf&if; [kd; rSm=unfhighajr;av;? [kdv,fxdyfrSm refusnf;yif ESpfyif jrifw,f r[kwfvm;at? tJ'g tar}uD;wkd@v,fy? tJ'Drefusnf; J ESpfyif[m ighajr;&J@bkd;bkd;/ OD;zkd;om ukd,fwkdif pkdufchJwmayghat&,f [if tarh/ tJ'g tarwkd@v,f [kwfvm;? tckaum tarhv,fyJ r_wfzl;vm;? tJ'Dbkd;bdk;}uD;uaum b,frSmvJu|efr[m ukd,fodcsifwmawGu rsm; wma=umifh woD}uD; ar;vkdufygw,f? at;-[kwfwmayghighajr;&,f? [kwforS tar}uD;wkd@v,frS tppfaygh? tar}uD;&,f/ bkd;bdk;}uD;&,f ukd,fwkdif"m;rOD;cs ckwf+yD; wkd;xm;/ xGefxm;wJh v,fopf ayghath? t&ifu 'DDae&m[m awmkdif;}uD;aygh? trsm;pkopfyif}uD;awGu Hk;yifawGrsm; ouG@J ? 'ga=umifh 'D&Gmukd Hk;yifaZmif;vkd@ ac:wm tarh"m;rOD;csqkdwm bmukd ajymwmvJ[if? tJ'Dbkd;bkd;}uD;uaum a=omf a=omf tJ'gvm;? "m;rOD;cs qkdwmu ukd,fukd,fwkdif awmawGukd ckwf&/ &Sif;&/ xGif&vkd@ ukd,fh&@J "m;OD;"m;oGm;[m ajray:ukdusvkd@ "m;rOD;csvkd@ac:wm ayghighajr;&,f? bkd;bkd;}uD;vm;? bkd;bkd;}uD;uawmh qHk;&Sm+yDaygh ighajr;&J@ tar}uD;&J@ toH[m aemufqHk; wdrf0if oGm;w,f? 'DtckdufrSmyJ acsmif; atmufbuf cyfvSrf;vSrf; qDu qGqGiifiife@J ulae&SmwJh J J csKd;uloHav;ukdvnf; =um; vkduf&w,f? u|efru tar}uD;&J@rsufESmukd armh=unfhvkdufawmh tar}uD;u rsufESm v$oGm;w,f? odyg+yD? J u|efrvnf; tar}uD; pdwfxdckdufae&Smw,fqkdwm &dyfrdvkd@ bmrSqufrar;awmhbJ +idrfaevkdufw,f? a[m aeawmif0ifawmhr,fuGJ@? tarwkd@xif;&Sm+yD; jyef=u&atmif ajymajymqkdqkdeJ@ tar}uD;u a&S@ucsKHwef;xJu xif;ajcmufav;awGudk aumuf+yD; EG,}f udK;wacsmif; qGjJ zwf csnwyvuw,f? u|ertwGuvnf; xif;pnf;i,fav; wpnf; vky/f ygvmwJh f k f dk f f f wbufukd acgif;ckvkyfay;um u|efracgif;ay:wifvkdufw,f? usefaewJh xif;oHk;av;acsmif;ukd tar}uD;uayG@+yD; tdrfjyefvmcJhw,f?

    ,f i,fu|rf;aqG&,
    nusawmh arar}uD; b,fwkef;urS rajymcJhbl;wJh tJ'Dv,fta=umif;eJ@ bkd;bkd; }uD; ta=umif;yg tjynfhtpHk u|efrukd ajymjy ygawmhw,f? 26

    arar}uD; tdrfaxmifusp tcsdefwkef;uaygh ighajr;&,f tpkd;&u v,fkdif;awGukd v,fopfazmfzkd@ tm;ay;? ukvm; olaX;awGuvnf; aiGawGacs;ay;eJ@ v,form;awG aiGpav;awG&iaewJtcse? tJ'tcserm v,fopfw;dk zk@d pDpOf=uwJh bk;d bk;d }uD;wk@d nDtpfudk $f h df D dfS tdrfaxmifpkav;pk(bkd;bkd;}uD; ukdzkd;om/ ESpfrjzpfol rpife@J ukdzkd;armif/ nDjzpfol ukdzkd;atmif/ nD0rf;uGawmfol ukdzkd;vHk&,f)[m tm;vHk; J vli,fv&,awG/ om;orD;uvnf; r&=uao;bJ/ tdraxmifpav;pk vli,f 8 a,muf/ tm;vH;k u ysKysK&,&,f oefoefrmrmawG qkawmh l G f f k d d G f G d wufnDvufnDe@J vkyfvkduf=uwm v,fopfawGvnf; ay:vmwmaygh? tJ'Dwkef;u aysmfvkduf=uwm bmajymaumif;rvJ ighajr;&,f? 'DvkdeJ@ighajr;&,f tar}uD;wkd@rSm om;OD;av; armifzkd;OD;ukd &vmyga&m? bkd;bkd; }uD; qkdwmav ajr}uD;ay: ajcrusawmhbl;? tvkyfawGvnf; t&ifuxuf ykd}udK;pm; vkdufwm/ arm&yef;&rSef;rod jzpfaewmaygh? om;av;ukd &SifjyK&r,fqkdwJh tawG;eJ@ aysmfae&Smw,fav? tJ'Dwkef;u tar}uD;wkd@tm;vHk;[m vkyfief;awGu tqifajy awmh tcg}uD; &uf}uD;awGrSm bkef;}uD;ausmif;ukd oGm;=uw,fqkd&if bkef;}uD;ukd uef awmhzkd@ vzG,fypPnf;awG uvnf;pHk/ vl}uD;awGuvnf; 0wfaumif;pm;vSawGe@J u av;awGqkdvnf; a'gi;f b,ufcuukd acgi;f pnf;}udK;teDe@J wyf+yD; qGv@dk aygath? pyg;aps; uvnf;24 usyaps;/ a&$'*Fg;wck wusyom;uvnf; 24 usyaps;yJu@JG ? G f J h f f f aemufawmh armifzkd;OD;av;[m tcgvnfausmft&G,frSmyJ qHk;oGm;&Smw,f? tar}uD;u om;orD;5a,muf xGef;um;cJhw,f? om;3a,muf/ orD;2a,muf? orD;2 a,mufyJ tzwfwifw,f? ti,fqHk; zkd;axG;av;eJ@ ol@taz[m zsm;+yD; qHk;oGm;wm/ wvyJ uGmwm ighajr;&J@? ukefvkdufwhJaiGuvnf; v,faygif&wJhtxdav? au;awG wifaevkd@ EGm;w&SOf;vnf; a&mif;vkduf&w,f? 'gayr,fh uav;a&m tazyg touf u,fvkd@ r&vkdufygbl;? tJ'Dwkef;u tar}uD;b0[m vifao/ om;qHk; ,l}uHK;r& ayghat? tarhtoufuvnf; 24 ESpf ausmfHkav; &Sdao;wm? l;rwwfygyJ ighajr; &,f? 'Dvkde@J tar}uD;vnf; rdciftkd}uD;&,f/ orD;av; 2 a,muf&,fe@J twl awmuae +rdK@ay:ukd pGef@pGef@pm;pm; wufvmwm? tJ'Dwkef;u ysOf;rem;qkdwm aps;em;w0kdufyJ pnfum;w,f? usefwhJae&mawGu awmawGy? ysif;vkd@awmif rem;eJ@whJ? bmvkd@vnf;qkdawmh awm }uD;? J iSu}f uD;vk@d iSuzsm;u ody=f urf;w,fqy? 'ga=umifh ysO;f rem;vk@d ac:wmvk@d a&S;vl}uD;awGu ajymprSwf jyK=uw,fu@JG ? tar}uD;wk@d a&muf+yD;3f dk J 4 ESpfavmuf&SdrS pnfum;vmwm? +rdK@e@J wlvmcJhwm? tarvnf; [if;oD;[if;Gufuav;a&mif;vkduf/ ae@jyefwkd;,l+yD; aumuf nif;aygif;/ yJaygif;a&mif;vdkufe@J tar}uD;[m rdom;pk4 a,mufukd &SmazG au|;vmcJhwmaygh ighajr;&,f? 'Dvkd kef;&if; uef&if;eJ@ tar}uD;[m aq;vdyfcHkav; axmifw,f? tar}uD;u awma&m+rdK@yg rdwfaqGrsm;awmh awmfawmf tm;ay; =uw,fuG@J ? pD;yGm;vnf; jzpfvmw,fvkd@ qkdygpkd@ ighajr;&,f

    rdef;rqkdwm
    'kw, urBmppf}uD;vnf; +yD;oGm;+yD? ppf}uD;+yD;+yDqawmh jynfow&yfv;kH 0rf;yef;womeJ@ayg? +rdK@ay:uvlawG +rdK@udk jyef=uawmhr,f? d dk l h zufqpf*syefukd atmifEkdifchJ wmrkd@ atmifyGcHwhJ t+idrfhyGawG[m npOfnwkdif;? r*FvmaqmifawGuvnf; w+cdrf;+cdrf; eJ@? u|efrwkd@vnf; J J uav;awGqkdawmh +rdK@ukdjyefa&mufawmhrSmukd awG;+yD; aysmf aerdw,f? r=umcifrSmyJ +rdK@ukdjyef ajymif;&ygw,f? tdrfopftkd;opf taqmuf tOD;opfawGcsnygy? 'Dwcgawmh ararwk@d rrwk@d tre@J u|erwk@d tr[m vrf;wck yJ jcm;ygw,f? teD;av;rk@d aysmvuwm? [kd wcsuawmh hf J d f f d f f dk f f raysmfEkdifwm &Sdw,f? tJ'guawmh u|efr i,fi,f av;uwnf;u }uD;vm&if bm vkyfrvJ vkd@ar;vm&if q&mr vkyfr,fvkd@ t+rJ jyefajzcJw,f? 'Dtcsuudk u|er pdwxrm tpGtvef; }uD;cJw,f? u|erwk@d i,fi,fwe;f u ausmif;rSmpmoifay;cJwhJ q&mrav; a':apm&if h f f f J S J h f k h ukd odyftm;usrdw,f? tJ'Dq&mrav;u qif;&Jw,f? vSoavmuf oabmvnf; aumif;/ toiftjyvnf; aumif;/ uav;awGukdvnf; odycspwwfw,f? pdw&nf w,f? u|erwk@d uav;rsm;uvnf; q&mrav;ukd cspcifav;pm;=uw,f? tJ'gawG ukd arar}uD;ukd ajymjyawmh f f f S f f ighajr;av;vnf; q&mr jzpfukdjzpfap&r,fvkd@ t}udrf }udrf ajymcJhw,f? tckawmh ppf}uD;vnf; +yD;oGm;+yD/ pmqufoifcsiayr,fh azazuvH;k 0 oabmrwl? zsuw,f? }uD;awmf pOf;pm;aemf? aygaygqq f f h h awG;vkd@r&bl;? uav; awGu }uD;vm+yD? rdef;rav; pmawGwwfawmh bmvkyfrSmvJ? }uD;vm vif&/ vif aemuf vkdufoGm;rSmawG? a,mufsm;vkyfpm pm;r,fholawG? bmrSxl;vmrSm r[kwfbl;? 'ga=umifh u|efawmfawmh rr(ol@orD; t}uD;ukd rr vkd@yac:w,f)ukdawmif J ausmif; quf rxm;bl;? tdrrmyJ tdraxmifr_ xde;f odr;f wm u|r;f usiatmif avhusiay; w,f? rde;f uav; yDo&ifawmf+yDaygvk@d arar}uD;ukd fS f f hf h qDref;ref;ovkd c% c%ajymaew,f? 'ge@J arar}uD;u azazhpum;ukd em;axmif+yD; u|ervnf; ausmif;rae &awmhb;l ? u|er'gawGo&awmh azazhudk pdwvnf;qk;d w,f? f f d f rkef;vnf;rkef;w,f? ukd,fhb0ukd 0rf;vnf;enf;w,f?

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    tvSurBm ndK jym&DarSmif


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    ar$;}udKifoif;ysH@pGm bk&m;jrwf v_d%f*ltwGif;rSm


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    ukdr_H-awmf bmvkyfwmwkef;? 'Dvkd rawmfrw&m; rvkyfyge@J uJ-vkyfawmh bmjzpfao;vJ[m? eifu bmaumifrvJ? uJ-[m? uJ-[m 0kef;0kef;'kdif;'dkif;eJ@ qJoH/ kdufoH/ ikdoHrsm;[m n&J@wdwfqdwfr_ukd +zdKcGif;vkduf ygw,f? tr,fav; t&yfuwkd@a&? vm=uygtHk;? u,f=uygtHk;? usKyfwkd@ om; trdukd rw&m; aemufxyf AvHk;AaxG; ryDro toHawGyJ =um;&ygw,f? uJ[m uJ[m aoemr? b,fviftm;ukd;eJ@ atmfaewmvJ? a=omf-OD;[m? atmf-OD;[m tr,fav;-taz&J@ a=umufyg+yDawmh? tarhukdawmh rvkyfyge@J ? vnfyif; ukd npfaewm taraoygawmhr,f a[h-b,faumifvmrvJ? owWd&SdvmcJhprf;? ir_Hta=umif; odoGm;r,f? b,fol@rS ra=umufbl;uGvkd@ atmf[pf }udrf;armif;+yD; w0kef;0kef;w'kdif;'kdif;eJ@ qufkduf aeygw,f? wem&Davmuf=um+yD;rS +idrfoGm;ygw,f? usr[m arar}uD;ukdtarh oem;ygw,ftar&,f? oGm;ulajym+yD; jzefay;vkdufyg tkd bma=umifh jzpfrSef;vnf; rodbe@J ? t&rf;0ifajymvkd@ r&bl;? 'grsdK; qkdwm ukd,fhyg quf&rf;wwfw,f J aemufwae@ xrif;pm;+yD; upm;csea&mufvnf; ruH,udk rawG@&bl;? 'ge@J usreJ@ tm;arvnf; OD;r_}H uD; aps;oGm;csef ck;d +yD; ruH,qD d f kH d kH oGm;awG@ygw,f? ruH,Hk[m ol@tcef; av;xJrSm tdyfaeygw,f? usrwkd@ tdrfx0ifoGm;awmh ol@taru J [Jh-b,folawGv vSrf;ar;vkd@ usrwkd@yg a':a':vkd@ ajymvkdufawmhJ [Jh-[Jh rvm=ueJ@? oGm;=uoGm;=u? ol@taz jyefvmvkd@awG@oGm;&if xyf tkdufcH ae&OD;r,fvkd@ ajymaeygw,f? usru ruH,Hk nu ruH,Hk taz}uD;kdufwm ajympum; em;raxmifvkd@ [kwfvm;? em;axmifvkdufaygh? ruH,Hkuvnf; ukd,fhrdbu ajymwmyJ eif rodygbl;[m olu ighukd twif;vmtdyfwm[-tJ'g iguoabm rwlvkd@ kdufwm [,f olu tazr[kwfbl;vm; r[kwfbl;? ightaz[m igi,fi,fav;uwnf;u aooGm;+yD? 'DrSm=unfh kdufxm;wm? wukd,fvHk; tndKtrnf;awGcsnf;yJ? eifwkd@ tjrefjyefyg[m? tazu b,fole@J rS rac:&bl;? pum;rajym&bl;wJh? ajym&if owfypfr,fwhJ? iga=umufw,f? eifwkd@ ighukdoem;&if tjrefjyef=uyg? ajymajymqkdqkd u|efrwkd@(2)a,mufukd twif; wGif;v$wf+yD; ikdaeygw,f? u|efrwkd@[m ol@ukdvnf;oem;? OD;r_ef}uD;ukdvnf; a=umufwmrkd@ tjrefjyef ajy; vmcJh ygw,f? tdrfa&mufawmh arar}uD;ukd tukefjyefajymjy vkdufw,f? arar}uD;[m pkwfwoyfoyfe@J ? a=omf oem;p&m? olwkd@b0ES,f qkd;vkdufwmaemf'grsdK;[m vlr[kwf bl;? wd&p>mefy? ighajr;av; tJ'Dvl}uD;&SdwhJae&m J roGm;eJ@aemf? 'Dta=umif; ab;ukd vnf; rajym&bl;? =um;vm;? ukd,fhukd tr_ywfwwfw,f arar 'gavmufawmif qkd;wm Hk;ukdoGm;wkdifaygh? 'Dvl}uD;ukdvnf; raygif; eJ@? uGmypf tkd ighajr; em;rvnfygbl;? rdef;ru raygif;csifvkd@ uGmcsifvkd@ r&bl;? a,mufsm;u uGmcsifrS &wm? Oya't&ukdu 'Dvkdy&Sdwm? J ighajr;av; i,fygao;w,f? em;rvnfygbl;? tJ'Dvdk uGcsifwkdif; uGvkd@&&if rjr=unfe@J atmif&ifwkd@ uGwm=um+yD? a,mufsm;u ruGay;vkd@ J J J J ae@wkdif; tkduftESufcH/ ESdyfpufcH rsuf&nfokwf+yD; aygif;ae& wm rawG@bl;vm; bk&m;a&-[kwyg&@J ? u|erwk@d e@J av;tdrausmavmufrm ukatmif&if rjr=unf qdwhJ vifr,m;&Sygw,f? rjr=unfu ukepr;f a&mif;/ f f f f S d k d fd ukatmif&ifu tdrrm bmrSrvky? r,f'vifav; wa'gia'gie@J ? vlysKd usaewmyJ? aeawmh ausmausmav;? kyuav;uvnf; oem;urm;eJ@? d fS f f f h h f awmfawmfqkd;wJhvl? naewkdif; rl;w,f? rdef;ru naeaps;odrf;+yD; armarm yef;yef;eJ@ jyefvm? cav;ESpfa,mufe@J vifukd csufjyKwf au|;arG;? t&ufrl;vmawmh rdef;rukd tjypf&Sm&efjzpf qJ=ukduf=u? aemufqHk; kdufvkd@ qJvkd@tm;r&ao;&if tkd;awGcGufawG yef;uefawG xkcGv$ifhjypf? J 'g[m ae@pOf vkyfae usy? rdef;ru u,f=uyg? ,l=uyg vkd@ wpmpm atmf[pf tultnDawmif;vnf; awmif;wmyJ tzwfwifw,f? J b,folurS oGm;ulwmvnf; r&Sdbl;? vife@J r,m; v#meJ@oGm;wJh? wcgwavrsm; kdufxm;wm 3-4 &uf/ aps;awmif rxGufEkdifbl;? raygif;bl;uGmr,fajymvnf; r&bl;? a=omf qkd;vkdufwhJ rdef;rb0? a,mufsm;u oem;r/S aumif;rS? wcsdK@a,mufsm;rsm; qkd;vkdufwm tjypfr&Sd &if [if;tkd;xJ qm;cyf+yD;rS kdufw,fwhJ? rdef;ru vlqkdayr,fh tdrfaxmifusoGm; uwnf;u u|efb0 a&mufoGm;wmyJaemf? t&m&m a,mufsm;u OD;pD;+yD; a,mufsm; tqHk;tjzwfukd emcH&w,f? vifqkd;r,m; wzm;zm;om;qkd;rat wayaywJh? wqufwnf; azazeJ@ararwkd@ta=umif; pOf;pm;rdw,f? t+rJwrf;qJaewm kdufaewmawG r&Sdayr,fh udpPwck&Sd&if azazoabmrwl&if bmrSvkyfydkifcGifhr&Sdbl;? vkyfvnf; rvkyf&bl;? odyfa=umufwmyJ? 'ga=umifh arar}uD;u c%c%ajymw,f? J 'Daumifru tvum;? t,tr? vifukdodyfa=umufwm? vifuig; ajcmufqkd&if olu zkwf+yD;uif+yD; qDqrf;+yD; ygb&m;qkwtrsKd ;tpm;? igorD; ti,f r/ rtk;H cifurS vifu ta&mif;t0,fvywm vkywmyJ? olu tdru aiGw;dk ay;+yD; a&$aygicw,f? k d hJ h k f f f fH aqGrsdK;awG rdwfaqGawG oma&;ema&; tcuftcJ&Sd&if olua&S@qHk;u ulnDwwfw,f? a,mufsm;qD b,fawmhrS vufjzef@cH rawmif;bl;? b,fudpPrqkd ol@a,mufsm;wa,mufwnf; qHk;jzwfvkd@r&bl;? olaum oabmwlrS &w,f? t&m&m wef;wly? tar}uD; tdrfaxmifvnf; J 'Dvkdy? wkd@trsdK;xJrSm pHk; jyL;ygae wm rtHk;&if wa,mufy J J

    40

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    48

    oG m ;twl w l - vmtwl w l
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    a[mawG@yg+yDwcg
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