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Fast and Easy Subnetting: Marc Khayat, Technical Advocacy Team May 2011
Fast and Easy Subnetting: Marc Khayat, Technical Advocacy Team May 2011
May 2011
Numerical Calculations
Network size is the number of IP addresses in a subnet, including the
Numerical Calculations
Nb of required subnets should be an exponential multiple of 2 (so, 2, 4,
Numerical Calculations
Required number of subnets 5 (should be really looking at 8)
Mask: (/24) 255.255.255.0 First non-255 number is 0 256 0 = 256 256 / 8 = 32 (thats the magic number) Mask: (/16) 255.255.0.0 First non-255 number is 0 256 0 = 256 256 / 8 = 32 (thats the magic number)
Mask: (/20) 255.255.240.0 First non-255 number is 240 256 240 = 16 16 / 8 = 2 (thats the magic number)
Numerical Calculations
Required number of subnets 12 (should be really looking at 16)
Mask: (/25) 255.255.255.128 First non-255 number is 128 256 128 = 128 128 / 16 = 8 (thats the magic number) Mask: (/20) 255.255.240.0 First non-255 number is 240 256 240 = 16 16 / 16 = 1 (thats the magic number)
Mask: (/21) 255.255.248.0 First non-255 number is 248 Started on the 3rd but moved to the 4th octet 256 248 = 8 8 / 16 = 0.5 * 256 = 128 (thats the magic number)
Numerical Calculations
Simply add the magic nb to the initial network. Example: subnetting
4 Subnets
Magic Nb = (256-252)/4 = 1 192.168.252.0 192.168.253.0 192.168.254.0 192.168.255.0
8 Subnets
Magic Nb = (256-252)/8 = 128 (multiplied by 256) 192.168.252.0 192.168.252.128 192.168.253.0 192.168.253.128 192.168.254.0 192.168.254.128
192.168.255.0
192.168.255.128
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 8
Numerical Calculations
Subtract the magic number from 256. So to continue with the previous
8 Subnets Magic Nb = 128 (4th octet) 256 128 = 128 255.255.255.128 (/25)
Numerical Calculations
With a subnet mask of 255.255.255.224, all network IDs would be a
multiple of (256 224 = 32), 4th octet, so x.x.x.0, .32, .64, , .224
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Numerical Calculations
Subnet 192.168.16.0/20 into networks of 4 subnets
/20 => 255.255.240.0 => 256 240 = 16 16 / 4 = 4 (magic number, on the 3rd octet) Networks are: 192.168.16.0, 192.168.20.0, 192.168.24.0,192.168.28.0 Mask is 256 4 = 252 => 255.255.252.0 or /22
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Numerical Calculations
1st and foremost: add the 2 IPs of network ID and broadcast address
Look for the closest exponentional multiple of 2 Thats your network size. Continue as previously explained.
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Numerical Calculations
Subnet 192.168.16.0/20 into networks of 700 hosts per subnet
700 => 702 => 1024 (network size) 1024 / 256 = 4 (magic number, on the 3rd octet) Networks are: 192.168.16.0, 192.168.20.0, 192.168.24.0,192.168.28.0 Mask is 256 4 = 252 => 255.255.252.0 or /22
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Numerical Calculations
123.45.164.255/22: network, broadcast or valid host? If broadcast or
Hint: from prefix, get mask, then get magic number, then see the closest
multiple of that number and match it to the appropriate value in the address provided above.
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Numerical Calculations
It gets a little bit confusing when it is requested to subnet a network into
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Numerical Calculations
192.168.1.0/24 to be subnetted into A (100 hosts), B (40 hosts), C (10
hosts), D (2 hosts).
Subnet Nb of Net Hosts Size A 100 128 Magic Mask Nb (4th octet) 128 Prefix Subnet address 192.168.1.0
256-128=128 /25
B
C D
40
10 2
64
16 4
64
16 4
256-64=192
256-16=240 256-4=252
/26
/28 /30
192.168.1.(0+128=128)
192.168.1.(128+64=192) 192.168.1.(192+16=208)
Numerical Calculations
For subnet A, start from the initial network address (192.168.1.0). The
next network would be a multiple of the magic nb, as explained before. So, 192.168.1.128. Remember that were working on the 4th octet;
For subnet B, the address is 192.168.1.128. The next network would be
a multiple of the magic nb, so we add 64 to 128. So, the next network is: 192.168.1.192.
For subnet C, address is 192.168.1.192. For the next network, we add
(192.168.1.212 192.168.1.255)
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Numerical Calculations
192.168.160.0/19 to be subnetted into A (2000 hosts), B (500 hosts), C
B
C D
500
100 4
512
128 8
512/256=2
128 8
/23
192.168.(160+8=168).0
192.168.(168+2=170).0 192.168.170.(0+128)
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Graphical Representation
Graphically map addresses of an octet
Very easy to operate within one octet Rule of thumb: always divide in half Will ensure that you wont waste/forget networks
Step 1: identify your magic numbers (already know how to do it) Step 2: Segment and reserve networks on the bargraph starting with the
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Graphical Representation
The bargraph shows a complete octet (from 0 till
0 128
4 32 256 16
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 21
Graphical Representation
0
A (128)
C
FREE
16
192.168.10.160 /28th
192.168.10.176
B (32)
160
C (16)
176
192.168.10.255
Width of 64
255
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FREE Addresses
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Thank you.