Historical background of evolution of HRM &HRD in the 20th century: Evolution of HRM: HRM IS A COMPARATIVELY NEW TERM EMERGED

D DURING THE 1970s. ITS PREDECESSOR WERE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT OR PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION. SINCE THE TIME OF KAUTILYAS ARTHASHASTRA THERE EXISTED A SOUND BASE FOR SYSTEMATIC MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES AS EARLY AS THE 4th CENTURY BC. ELSEWHERE HUMAN RESOURCES IN ORGANISATIONS RECEIVED THE MANAGEMENTS ATTENTION MUCH EARLIER. AS EARLY AS 1800 BC, MINIMUM WAGE RATE AND INCENTIVE WAGE PLAN WERE INCLUDED IN THE BABYLONIAN CODE OF HAMMURABI. EXPERTS IN OUR COUNTRY HAVE TRIED TO CHRONICLE THE GROWTH OF THE SUBJECT SINCE THE 1920s. WORKERS INTERESTS NEEDED TO BE PROTECTED BECAUSE OF THE DIFFICULT CONDITIONS THAT PREVAILED AFTER THE FIRST WORLD WAR AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE TRADE UNIONS. THE ROYAL COMMISSION IN 1931 RECOMMENDED THE APPOINTMENT OF LABOUR-WELFARE OFFICERS TO DEAL WITH THE SELECTION OF WORKERS AND TO SETTLE THEIR GRIEVANCES. THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948, MADE APPOINTMENT OF WELFARE OFFICERS COMPULSORY IN INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING 500 OR MORE WORKERS EACH. IN COURSE OF TIME, TWO PROFESSIONAL BODIES, IIPM(INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) HEADQUARTERED AT KOLKATA AND NILM(NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF LABOUR MANAGEMENT) HEADQUARTERED AT MUMBAI WERE SET UP. KOLKATA AND MUMBAI WERE THE PREMIER CENTRES OF TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIES JUTE & COTTON RESPECTIVELY IN PREINDEPENDENT INDIA. THE AFTERMATH OF SECOND WORLDWAR AND THE COUNTRYS POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE WITNESSED INCREASED AWARENESS AND EXPECTATION OF WORKERS. DURING THE 1960s, THE PERSONNEL FUNCTION BEGAN TO EXPAND BEYOND THE WELFARE ASPECT. LABOUR WELFARE,INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION INTEGRATED INTO THE EMERGING PROFESSION CALLED PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT.

 THE THRUST GIVEN TO HEAVY INDUSTRIES PARTICULARLY SINCE THE SECOND FIVE-YEAR PLAN AND ACCELERATED GROWTH OF PUBLIC SECTOR IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY RESULTED IN A SHIFT IN FOCUS TOWARDS PROFESSIONALISATION OF MANAGEMENT. BY 1970s THE FOCUS SHIFTED FROM WELFARE TOWARDS EFFICIENCY. IN THE 1980s PROFESSIONALS BEGAN TO TALK ABOUT NEW TECHNOLOGIES,HRM CHALLENGES AND HRD. THE TWO PROFESSIONAL BODIES IIPM AND NILM, MERGED INTO NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT(NIPM) IN 1980. IN THE 1990s, EMPHASIS SHIFTED TO HUMAN VALUES AND PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH PEOPLE. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION(ASPA) WAS RENAMED AS THE SOCIETY FOR HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT(SHRM). THUS BEGINNING IN THE 1920s,THE SUBJECT OF PEOPLE MANAGEMENT HAS GROWN INTO A MATURED PROFESSION. THE JOURNEY CONTINUES Evolution of HRM in India: PERIOD 1920-30s DEVELOPMENT STATUS BEGINNING OUTLOOK PRAGMATISM OF CAPITALISTS EMPHASIS STATUTORY, WELFARE, PATERNALISM

1940-60s

STRUGGLING FOR RECOGNITION ACHIEVING SOPHISTICATIO N

TECHNICAL, LEGAL PROFESSIONAL,LEGAL,IMPERSONAL

INTRODUCTION O

1970-80s

REGULATORY,CO OF STANDARDS O

1990s

PROMISING

PHILOSOPHICAL

HUMAN VALUES, THROUGH PEOPL