• A nursing instructor asks a nursing student to describe the route of transmission of

tuberculosis. The instructor concludes that the student understands this

information if the student states that tuberculosis is transmitted by:

1. hand to mouth
2. The airborne route
3. the fecal-oral route
4. Blood and body fluids

Rationale: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium

tuberculosis and is spread primarily by the airborne route. Options 1, 3, and 4 are
incorrect.

• A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with tuberculosis. Which assessment, if

made by the nurse, is inconsistent with the usual clinical presentation of
tuberculosis and may indicate the development of a concurrent problem?

1. cough
2. High-grade fever
3. Chills and night sweats
4. Anorexia and weight loss

Rationale: The client with tuberculosis usually experiences cough (productive or

nonproductive), fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, dyspnea, hemoptysis, chest discomfort or
pain, chills and sweats (which may occur at night), and a low-grade fever.

• A nurse is teaching a client with tuberculosis about dietary elements that should
be increased in the diet. The nurse suggests that the client increase intake of :

1. Potatoes and fish

2. Eggs and spinach
3. Grains and broccoli
4. Meats and citrus fruits

Rationale: The nurse teaches the client with tuberculosis to increase intake of protein,
iron, and vitamin C. Foods rich in vitamin C include citrus fruits, berries, melons,
pineapple, broccoli, cabbage, green peppers, tomatoes, potatoes, chard, kale, asparagus,
and turnip greens. Food sources that are rich in iron include liver and other meats. Less
than 10% of iron is absorbed from eggs, and less than 5% is absorbed from grains and
vegetables.

• A nurse is performing an assessment on a client who was admitted to the hospital

with a diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning. Which of the following
assessments performed by the nurse would primarily elicit data related to a
deterioration of the client’s condition?
 1. Skin color
2. apical rate
3. Respiratory rate
4. level of consciousness

Rationale: The neurological system is primarily affected by carbon monoxide poisoning.

With high levels of carbon monoxide, the neurological status progressively deteriorates.
Although options 1, 2, and 3 would be a component of the assessment of the client with
carbon monoxide poisoning, assessment of the neurological status of the client would
elicit data specific to a deterioration in the client’s condition.